Hipertansiyon Hastalarının Bakım Yönetimi: Sağlık İnanç Modeli Kullanımı

Öz

Hipertansiyon dünyada önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Hipertansiyon hastasının öz bakımı ve hastalığı kontrol altında tutulmasının sağlanması için hemşireler tarafından yapılan sağlık eğitimleri ve danışmanlıklar önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. İncelenen çalışmalarda hipertansiyon yönetiminde teknolojinin gelişmesi ile beraber kısa mesajlaşma sistemleri, web tasarımı, akıllı telefon uygulamaları gibi teknoloji tabanlı girişimler ile hastaların hastalık yönetimini iyileştirmeye yönelik çalışmalar yürütüldüğü görülmektedir. Uygulanan teknoloji tabanlı girişimlerde model ve teoriler ile desteklenmiş eğitim içeriklerinin üzerinde de durulmaktadır. Bu açıdandır ki bu derlemede hipertansiyon hastalarında bakım yönetimi sağlamak için sağlık inanç modeli kullanım durumunu incelemek amaçlanmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalarda sağlık inanç modelinin nitel, tanımlayıcı ve deneysel çalışma şeklinde birçok çalışma tasarımında kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Hipertansiyon hastalarının kendi kendine bakım davranışları geliştirmede modelin öz-yeterlik, algılanan duyarlılık ve ciddiyet kavramlarını ele alan eğitim programlarının tasarlanması ve uygulanmasının önemli olduğu görülmektedir. Hipertansiyon hastaları için teknoloji tabanlı girişimli çalışmalarda da sağlık inanç model temelli sağlık eğitimi ve danışmanlıkların hastaların bilgi düzeylerini ve tedavi uyumlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemşirelik
• Hipertansiyon
• inanç

Care Management of Hypertension Patients: Application of The Health Belief Model

Öz

HHypertension is an important public health problem in the world. Health education and consultancy provided by nurses have an important place in ensuring the self-care of hypertension patients and keeping the disease under control. In the studies examined, it is seen that with the development of technology in hypertension management, studies are being carried out to improve the disease management of patients with technology-based initiatives such as short messaging systems, web design, and smartphone applications. In the technology-based initiatives implemented, educational content supported by models and theories is also emphasized. In this respect, this review aims to examine the use of health belief models to provide care management in hypertension patients. In the studies examined, it is seen that the health belief model is used in many study designs in the form of qualitative, descriptive and experimental studies. It seems important to design and implement training programs that address the model's concepts of self-efficacy, perceived sensitivity and severity in developing self-care behaviors of hypertension patients. In technology-based intervention studies for hypertension patients, it is seen that health belief model-based health education and consultancy positively affect patients' knowledge levels and treatment compliance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hypertension
• Nursing
• Belief

Kaynakça

1. Abraham, C., ve Sheeran, P. (2007). The Health Belief Model. In: Editor S. Ayers, A., Baum, C., McManus, S., Newman, K., Wallston, J., Weinman, R., West (Ed.). Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine (pp, 97-102). Cambridge University Press.
2. Akdemir N., ve Özer C. Z. (2020). Vasküler Sistem Hastalıkları ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. In: Editör N., Akdemir, L., Birol (Ed.). İç Hastalıkları Ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Akademisyen kitabevi, Güncellenmiş 5. Baskı.
3. Aydoğdu, S., Güler, K., Bayram F., Altun, B., Derici, Ü., Abacı, A., Tükek, T., Sabuncu, T., Arıcı, M., Erdem Y., Özin B., Şahin İ., Ertürk Ş., Bitigen A., ve Tokgözoğlu, L. (2019). “Türk Hipertansiyon Uzlaşı Raporu 2019”. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars., 47 (6), 535-546 doi: 10.5543/tkda.2019.62565
4. Badır A. (2017). Hipertansiyon. In: Editör A. Karadakovan, F., Aslan (Ed.). Dahili ve Cerrahi Hastalıklarda Bakım (ss, 547-561). Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi, Cilt 2, 4. Baskı
5. Champion, V. L., ve Skinner, C. S. (2008). Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research and Practice- The Health Belief Model. In: Editor K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer ve K. Viswanath (Ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. (4th Editio).
6. Chen, J., Liao, Y., Li, Z., Tian, Y., Yang, S., He, C., Tu, D., and Sun, X. (2013). “Determinants of Salt-Restriction-Spoon Using Behavior in China: Application Of The Health Belief Model”. PloS One, 8 (12), e83262. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083262
7. Chou, Y. J., & Shih, C. M. (2022). Health belief model in predicting treatment intention among healthy and gynecologic cancer women with sexual dysfunction: Structural equation modeling. Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology, 61(3), 472–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2022.03.013
8. Çenesiz, E., ve Atak E. (2007). “Türkiye’de Sağlık İnanç Modeli İle Yapılmış Araştırmaların Değerlendirilmesi”. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni, 6 (6), 427-434.

9. Gözüm, S., ve Çapık, C. (2014). “Sağlık Davranışlarının Geliştirilmesinde Bir Rehber: Sağlık İnanç Modeli”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 7 (3), 230-237.
10. Himmelfarb, C. R., Commodore-Mensah, Y., and Hill, M. N. 2016). “Expanding the Role of Nurses to Improve Hypertension Care and Control Globally”. Annals of Global Health, 82 (2), 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.02.003.
11. Hoseini, H., Maleki, F., Moeini, M., and Sharifirad, G. R. (2014). “Investigating the Effect of an Education Plan Based on the Health Belief Model On The Physical Activity of Women Who are at Risk For Hypertension”. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 19 (6), 647–652.
12. Kamran, A., Sadeghieh Ahari, S., Biria, M., Malepour, A., and Heydari, H. (2014). “Determinants of Patient’s Adherence to Hypertension Medications: Application of Health Belief Model Among Rural Patients”. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 4 (6), 922–927. https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.144914.
13. Khani Jeihooni, A., Hidarnia, A., Kaveh, M. H., and Hajizadeh, E. (2015). “The Effect of a Prevention Program Based on Health Belief Model on Osteoporosis”. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 15 (1), 47–53.
14. Khorsandi, M., Fekrizadeh, Z., and Roozbahani, N. (2017). “Investigation of The Effect of Education Based On The Health Belief Model on the Adoption of Hypertension-Controlling Behaviors in The Elderly”. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 12, 233–240. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S117142
15. Kılınç, E., ve Gür, K. (2018). “Okul Yaralanmalarını Önlemede Sağlık İnanç Modeli Temelli Girişimlerin Etkisi”. HSP., 5 (3), 467-475.
16. Kurcer, M.A., ve Erdogan, Z. (2020). “Sağlık İnanç Modeline Göre Sigara Bırakma Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi”. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg., 11 (3), 464-470, https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2020.296
17. Larki, A., Tahmasebi, R., and Reisi, M. (2018). “Factors Predicting Self-Care Behaviors Among Low Health Literacy Hypertensive Patients Based on Health Belief Model in Bushehr District, South of Iran”. International Journal of Hypertension, 9752736. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9752736
18. Lau, J., Lim, T. Z., Jianlin Wong, G., and Tan, K. K. (2020). “The Health Belief Model and Colorectal Cancer Screening in The General Population: A Systematic Review”. Preventive Medicine Reports, 20, 101223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101223
19. Long, E., Ponder, M., and Bernard, S. (2017). “Knowledge, Attitudes, And Beliefs Related to Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia Self-Management Among African-American Men Living in The Southeastern United States”. Patient Education and Counseling, 100 (5), 1000–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.12.011
20. Ma C. (2018). “An İnvestigation Of Factors Influencing Self-Care Behaviors in Young And Middle-Aged Adults With Hypertension Based on a Health Belief Model”. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Critical Care, 47 (2), 136–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2017.12.001
21. Mattei da Silva, Â. T., de Fátima Mantovani, M., Castanho Moreira, R., Perez Arthur, J., and Molina de Souza, R. (2020). “Nursing Case Management For People With Hypertension in Primary Health Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. Research in Nursing & Health, 43 (1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21994
22. Mendis, S., Puska, P., and Norrving, B. (2011). Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
23. Naanyu, V., Vedanthan, R., Kamano, J. H., Rotich, J. K., Lagat, K. K., Kiptoo, P., Kofler, C., Mutai, K. K., Bloomfield, G. S., Menya, D., Kimaiyo, S., Fuster, V., Horowitz, C. R., and Inui, T. S. (2016). “Barriers Influencing Linkage To Hypertension Care in Kenya: Qualitative Analysis From the Lark Hypertension Study”. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 31 (3), 304–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-015-3566-1
24. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). (2017). “Worldwide Trends in Blood Pressure From 1975 To 2015: A Pooled Analysis Of 1479 Population-Based Measurement Studies With 19·1 Million Participants”. Lancet (London, England)., 389 (10064), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(16)31919-5
25. Parwati, N. M., Bakta, I. M., Januraga, P. P., & Wirawan, I. M. A. (2021). A Health Belief Model-Based Motivational Interviewing for Medication Adherence and Treatment Success in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(24), 13238. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413238 Obirikorang, Y., Obirikorang, C., Acheampong, E., Odame Anto, E., Gyamfi, D., Philip Segbefia, S., Opoku Boateng, M., Pascal Dapilla, D., Brenya, P. K., Amankwaa, B., Adu, E. A., Nsenbah Batu, E., Gyimah Akwasi, A., & Amoah, B. (2018). Predictors of Noncompliance to Antihypertensive Therapy among Hypertensive Patients Ghana: Application of Health Belief Model. International journal of hypertension, 2018, 4701097. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4701097
26. Olgun, N., ve Akdoğan Altun, Z. (2015). “Sağlık İnanç Modeli Doğrultusunda Verilen Eğitimin Diyabet Hastalarının Bakım Uygulamalarına Etkisi”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 19 (2), 46-57.
27. Onoruoiza, S. I., Musa, A., Umar, B. D., and Kunle, Y. S. (2015). “Using Health Beliefs Model as an Intervention to Non Compliance With Hypertension Information Among Hypertensive Patient”. Int Organ Sci Res J Human Soc Sci., 20 (9), 11-16.
28. Sengul, S., Akpolat, T., Erdem, Y., Derici, U., Arici, M., Sindel, S., Karatan, O., Turgan, C., Hasanoglu, E., Caglar, S., Erturk, S., and Turkish Society of Hypertension and Renal Disease. (2016). “Changes in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates in Turkey From 2003 To 2012”. Journal of Hypertension, 34 (6), 1208–1217. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000901
29. Song, T., Qian, S., Cui, T., and Yu, P. (2019). “The Use Of Theory In Mobile Health Interventions For Patient Self-Management of Chronic Diseases”. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 264, 1982–1983. https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI190745
30. TÜİK. (2021). “Ölüm Nedeni İstatistikleri 2021”. Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=%C3%96l%C3%BCm-ve %C3%96l%C3%BCm-Nedeni-%C4%B0statistikleri-2021-45715&dil=1.(Erişim tarihi: 29.05.2023).
31. TÜİK. (2019). “Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması 2019”. Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Saglik-Arastirmasi-2019-33661. (Erişim tarihi: 07.04.2021).
32. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği. (2018). Hipertansiyon Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği ISBN: 978-605-4011-34-6 1. Baskı.
33. Varleta, P., Acevedo, M., Akel, C., Salinas, C., Navarrete, C., García, A., Echegoyen, C., Rodriguez, D., Gramusset, L., Leon, S., Cofré, P., Retamal, R., and Romero, K. (2017). “Mobile Phone Text Messaging Improves Antihypertensive Drug Adherence in The Community”. Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 19 (12), 1276–1284. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13098
34. Wan, L. H., Zhang, X. P., You, L. M., Ruan, H. F., and Chen, S. X. (2018). “The Efficacy of a Comprehensive Reminder System To Improve Health Behaviors and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 33 (6), 509–517. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000496
35. Wang, M. Y., Shen, M. J., Wan, L. H., Mo, M. M., Wu, Z., Li, L. L., and Neidlinger, S.H. (2020). “Effects of a Comprehensive Reminder System Based on The Health Belief Model For Patients Who Have Had a Stroke On Health Behaviors, Blood Pressure, Disability, and Recurrence From Baseline To 6 Months: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 35 (2), 156–164. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000631
36. World Health Organization. (2021). “Hypertension”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension. (Erişim tarihi: 07.04.2021).
37. Yue, Z., Li, C., Weilin, Q., and Bin, W. (2015). “Application Of The Health Belief Model to Improve the Understanding of Antihypertensive Medication Adherence Among Chinese Patients”. Patient Education and Counseling, 98 (5), 669–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.02.007
38. Zareban, I., Araban, M., Rohani, M. R., Karimy, M., Zamani-Alavijeh, F., Babanejad, M., and Stein, L. (2020). “High Blood Pressure Self-Care Among Hypertensive Patients in Iran: A Theory-Driven Study”. Journal of Human Hypertension, 10.1038/s41371-020-00429-9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-020-00429-9
39. Zhang, X. P., Pan, J. H., Wan, L. H., Liu, Z. Y., Mo, M. M., Wang, M. Y., and Li, L. L. (2020). “Factors Influencing Health Behaviour, Blood Pressure Control, And Disability in Hypertensive Ischaemic Stroke Patients After a Comprehensive Reminder Intervention”. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76 (6), 1384–1393. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14340