Covıd-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Kronik Hastalığa Sahip Olan Yaşlıların Sağlık Riski ve Bu Süreç İçin Öneriler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 195 - 202, 01.12.2021

Canan Birimoglu Okuyan , Fatma Karasu

https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.746709

Cited By: 2

Öz

COVİD-19 salgını tüm dünyayı olumsuz etkileyen küresel bir sorundur. Birçok ülkede olduğu gibi ülkemizde de yaşlılar özellikle kronik hastalığa sahip olanlar; yaşlanma, fizyolojik değişiklikler ve altta yatan potansiyel sağlık koşulları nedeniyle COVID-19 açısından ciddi hastalık geliştirme riskine karşı en çok tehdit ve zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. COVID-19 nedenli tüm ölümlerin çoğunluğunun yaşlı bireylerde olduğunu düşündüğümüzde, yaşlıların bu süreçte kişisel koruyucu davranış ve tedbirlere özen göstermesi gerekmektedir. Bu süreçte yaşlıların sağlık risklerini bilmesi ve dikkat edilmesi gereken noktaları anlaması konusunda hemşirelere büyük rol düşmektedir. Bu derlemede, COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde kronik hastalığa sahip olan yaşlıların sağlık riski ve bu süreçte korunmak için nelere dikkat etmeleri ve hangi tedbirleri almaları gerektiği konusunda genel bir bakış sunacağız.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Kronik Hastalık, Yaşlılar, Halk Sağlığı Hemşiresi

Kaynakça

• Kubat Bakir, G., Akın, S. (2019). Yaşlılıkta kronik hastalıkların yönetimi ile ilişkili faktörler. Sağlık ve Toplum, 29(2), 17-25.
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2011). Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles 2011. http://www.who.int/ nmh/publications/ncd_profiles_report.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 07.05.2020.
• Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA, 323(13):1239-1242.
• Li, B., Yang, J., Zhao, F, et al. (2020).Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 109(5):531‐538.
• Zheng, Y.Y., Ma, Y.T., Zhang, J.Y., Xie, X. (2020). COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 17(5):259-260.
• Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., et al. (2020).Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet, 395(10229):1054-1062.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—United States, February 12–March 16, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6912e2.htm. Erişim tarihi:09.05.2020
• Shahid, Z., Kalayanamitra, R., McClafferty, B, et al.(2020). COVID-19 and Older Adults: What We Know. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68(5):926‐929.
• World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease [COVID-19] Technical Guidance: Infection Prevention and Control. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/infection-prevention-and-control, Erişim Tarihi:08.05.2020.
• Montero-Odasso, M., Goens, S.D., Kamkar, N, et al. (2020).Canadian Geriatrics Society COVID-19 Recommendations for Older Adults. What Do Older Adults Need To Know?. Canadian geriatrics journal,23(1): 149–151.
• Verity, R., Okell, L.C., Dorigatti, I., Winskill, P., Whittaker, C., Imai, N, et al. (2020).Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: A model-based analysis. Lancet Infectious Disease. 20(6):669‐677.
• He, X.W., Lai, J.S., Cheng, J., et al. (2020). Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi,48(0):E011.
• Guo, W., Li, M., Dong, Y., et al. (2020).Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 31]. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 3319.
• Li, B., Yang, J., Zhao, F., Zhi, L., Wang, X., Liu, L., et al. (2020). Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 109(5):531-8.
• Murthy, S., Gomersall, C.D., Fowler, R.A. (2020). Care for Critically Ill patients with COVID-19. 2020;10.1001/jama.2020.3633.
• Hase, R., Kurita, T., Muranaka, E., Sasazawa, H., Mito, H., & Yano, Y. (2020). A case of imported COVID-19 diagnosed by PCR-positive lower respiratory specimen but with PCR-negative throat swabs. Infectious diseases (London, England), 52(6), 423–426.
• Vuorio, A., Watts, G. F., & Kovanen, P. T. (2020). Familial hypercholesterolaemia and COVID-19: triggering of increased sustained cardiovascular risk. Journal of internal medicine, 287(6), 746–747.
• Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., et al. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet, ;395(10223):507-513.
• Wan, Y., Shang, J., Graham, R., Baric, R. S., & Li, F. (2020). Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus. Journal of virology, 94(7), e00127-20.
• Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T. S., Herrler, G., Wu, N. H., Nitsche, A., Müller, M. A., Drosten, C., & Pöhlmann, S. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell, 181(2), 271–280.e8.
• Li, X. C., Zhang, J., & Zhuo, J. L. (2017). The vasoprotective axes of the renin-angiotensin system: Physiological relevance and therapeutic implications in cardiovascular, hypertensive and kidney diseases. Pharmacological research, 125(Pt A), 21–38.
• Ferlita, S., Yegiazaryan, A., Noori, N., Lal, G., Nguyen, T., To, K., & Venketaraman, V. (2019). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Altered Immune System Leading to Susceptibility to Pathogens, Especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of clinical medicine, 8(12), 2219.
• Critchley, J. A., Carey, I. M., Harris, T., DeWilde, S., Hosking, F. J., & Cook, D. G. (2018). Glycemic Control and Risk of Infections Among People With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes in a Large Primary Care Cohort Study. Diabetes care, 41(10), 2127–2135.
• Huttunen, R., & Syrjänen, J. (2013). Obesity and the risk and outcome of infection. International journal of obesity (2005), 37(3), 333–340.
• Honce, R., & Schultz-Cherry, S. (2019). Impact of Obesity on Influenza A Virus Pathogenesis, Immune Response, and Evolution. Frontiers in immunology, 10, 1071.
• Almond, M. H., Edwards, M. R., Barclay, W. S., & Johnston, S. L. (2013). Obesity and susceptibility to severe outcomes following respiratory viral infection. Thorax, 68(7), 684–686.
• Chen, C., Zhang, X. R., Ju, Z. Y., & He, W. F. (2020). Zhonghua shao shang za zhi = Zhonghua shaoshang zazhi = Chinese journal of burns, 36(0), E005. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200224-00088
• Wu, D., & Yang, X. O. (2020). TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: An emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib. Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi, S1684-1182(20)30065-7. Advance online publication.
• Alhazzani, W., Møller, M. H., Arabi, Y. M., Loeb, M., Gong, M. N., Fan, E., Oczkowski, S., Levy, M. M., Derde, L., Dzierba, A., Du, B., Aboodi, M., Wunsch, H., Cecconi, M., Koh, Y., Chertow, D. S., Maitland, K., Alshamsi, F., Belley-Cote, E., Greco, M., … Rhodes, A. (2020). Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Intensive care medicine, 46(5), 854–887.
• Lu, C. W., Liu, X. F., & Jia, Z. F. (2020). 2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored. Lancet (London, England), 395(10224), e39.