Araştırma Makalesi
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Acil servise kabul edilen travmalı hastaların yakınlarının yaşadıkları kaygı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 519 - 527, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.1131319

Öz

Giriş: Hastanelerin en yoğun ve karmaşık birimleri olan acil servisler, multidisipliner ekip çalışmasının gerçekleştirildiği alanlardır. Travma nedeniyle acil servise hazırlıksız başvuran hasta ve yakınları birçok belirsizlikle karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, acil servislere travma ile başvuran hastaların yakınlarının kaygı düzeylerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu araştırma, bir üniversite hastanesinin acil servisinde Aralık 2020-Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında toplam 97 hasta yakınının katılımıyla yapılmıştır. Veriler, Bilgi Formu ve Durumluk Kaygı Envanteri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Hasta yakınlarının yaş ortalaması 35,1±8,4 olup, %54,6'sı erkek, %55,7'si üniversite mezunudur. Hasta yakınlarının Durumluk Kaygı Envanteri puan ortalaması 37,3±6,3 olarak bulundu. Ayrıca %63,9'unun hafif düzeyde, %36,1'inin orta düzeyde kaygı düzeyine sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Hasta yakınlarının alkol testi pozitifliği ve yatış şekline göre kaygılarının farklılaştığı belirlendi (p < 0.05). Sonuç ve öneriler: Travma nedeni ile acil servise başvuran hastaların yakınları, başvurudan sonraki ilk 24 saat içinde hafif düzeyde anksiyete yaşamaktadırlar. Acil servis çalışanlarının hasta iletişimi ve psikososyal destek becerilerini destekleyecek eğitimlere devam edilmeli ve hasta yakınları süreç hakkında bilgilendirilmelidir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Çalışma her hangi bir kişi/kurum tarafından desteklenmemiştir

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

Araştırmaya gönüllü katılım gösteren hasta yakınlarına teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir, D., & Ateş, S. (2017). Determining the effect of anxiety on the individuals satisfaction whom accompany to the patient aplly to emergency care. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Ak, E.S., Kandemir, D., & Oztekin, S.D. (2017). The effect of blood alcohol levels of severely ınjured patients on early-period patient outcomes: systematic literature review. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(3), 25-33.
  • Akkuş, Y., Cığsar, G., & Günal, E. (2018). Identifying the needs of relatives of critical patients who admits emergency department of Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine. TÜBAV Bilim, 11(1), 39-51.
  • Alireza, Z.F., Ali, A.J., & Tayebeh, N.B. (2019). Comparison the effect of trained and untrained family presence on their anxiety during invasive procedures in an emergency department: A randomized controlled trial. Turk J Emerg Med, 19, 100–105.
  • Altan, B., & Şaşmaz, M.I. (2019). The effect of blood ethanol level on mortality in patients with trauma. Van Medical Journal, 26(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.5505/vtd.2019.83713
  • Avcı, S., Arslan, E.D., & Buyukçam, F. (2017). State and trait anxiety of patients’ relatives in the emergency department. Rev Arg Med, 5(3), 190-196.
  • Barreto, M.S., Marcon, S.S., & Garcia-Vivar, C. (2016). Patterns of behaviour in families of critically ill patients in the emergency room: a focused ethnography. J Adv Nurs, 73 (3), 633-642. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13156
  • Brunett, P.H., & Cameron, P.A. (2011). Trauma. In Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, & Meckler GD (Eds.), Tintinalli’s emergency medicine a comprehensive study guide. (pp. 1671-1676). 7th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill.
  • Carson, S.S., Vu, M., Danis, M., Camhi S.L., Scheunemann, L.P., Cox, C.E., Hanson, L. C., & Nelson, J. E. (2012). Development and validation of a printed information brochure for families of chronically critically ill patients. Crit Care Med, 40(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e31822d7901
  • Çıkrıklar, H.İ., Yürümez, Y., Yücel, M., Aslan, N., Engindeniz, Z., Cebicci, H., & Altıntaş, M. (2016). Management of difficult patients in the emergency service. Sakarya Tıp Derg, 6(1), 20-26.
  • Demirtaş, A., Güvenç, G., Aslan, O., Oksüz, E., & Uçar, A.K. (2020). Determination of the anxiety and the needs of family members of critical care patients in emergency departments. Gülhane Med J, 62, 231-238.
  • Erenler, A.K., Akbulut, S., Güzel, M., Cetinkaya, H., Karaca, A., Turkoz, B., & Baydin, A. (2014). Reasons for overcrowding in the emergency department: experiences and suggestions of an education and research hospital. Turk J Emerg Med, 14(2), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.5505/1304.7361.2014.48802
  • Gallagher, N., & Edwards, F.J. (2019). The diagnosis and management of toxic alcohol poisoning in the emergency department: a review article. Adv J Emerg Med, 3(3), e28.
  • González-Robledo, J., Martin-Gonzalez, F., Moreno-Garcia, M., Sanchez-Barba, M., & Sanchez-Fernandez, F. (2015). Prognostic factors associated with mortality in patients with severe trauma: from prehospital care to the ıntensive care unit. Med Intensiva, 3(7), 412-421.
  • Gullick, J.G., Taggart, S.B., Johnston, R.A., & Ko, N. (2014). The trauma bubble: patient and family experience of serious burn injury. J Burn Care Res, 35(6), 413–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0000000000000030
  • Gülbagcı, A., Cakmak, F., Akdeniz, Y.S., Ipekcı, A., & Ikizceli, I. (2018). A survey about the level of anxiety and satisfaction of oncological patients’ relatives at emergency department. JAMER, 3(3), 43-54.
  • Hirose, T., Kitamura, T., Katayama, Y., Sado, J., Kiguchi, T., Matsuyama, T., Kiyohara, K., Takahashi, H., Tachino, J., Nakagawa, Y., Mizushima, Y., & Shimazu, T. (2020). Impact of nighttime and weekends on outcomes of emergency trauma patients. A nationwide observational study in Japan. Medicine (Baltimore), 99(1), e18687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000018687
  • Kang, J., Cho, Y-J., & Choi, S. (2020). State anxiety, uncertainty in illness, and needs of family members of critically ill patients and their experiences with family-centered multidisciplinary rounds: A mixed model study. PLoS ONE, 15(6), e0234296. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234296
  • Kanmani, T.R., & Raju, B. (2018). Caregiver’s psychosocial concerns and psychological distress in emergency and trauma care setting. J Neurosci Rural Pract, 10, 54-9.
  • Kelley, K.C., Salen, P., Wojda, T.R., Hasani, A.Z., Luster, J., Seoane, J., Cohen, M. Z., Castillo, R., & Stawicki, S. P. (2021). Impact of blood alcohol concentration on hematologic and serum chemistry parameters in trauma patients: analysis of data from a high-volume level 1 trauma center. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci, 11(1), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_112_20
  • Kinrade, T., Jackson, A.C., & Tomnay, J. (2011). Social workers’ perspectives on the psychosocial needs of families during critical illness. Soc Work Health Care, 50(9), 661–681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2011.590874
  • Köse, A., Köse, B., Öncü, R.M., & Tuğrul, F. (2011). Admission appropriateness and profile of the patients attended to a state hospital emergency department. Gaziantep Med J, 17(2), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.5455/gmj-30-2011-27
  • Leske, J.S., McAndrew, N.S., Brasel, K.J., & Feetham, S. (2017). Family presence during resuscitation after trauma. J Trauma Nurs, 24(2), 85–96.
  • Lukmanulhakim, S., & Anna, A. (2016). The relationship between communication of nurses and level of anxiety of patient’s family in emergency room dr. Dradjat Prawiranegara hospital, Serang Banten, Indonesia. Int J Res Med Sci, 4(12), 5456-5462. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20164228
  • Norup, A., Petersen, J., & Mortensen, E.L. (2015). Relatives of patients with severe brain injury: Growth curve analysis of anxiety and depression the first year after injury. Brain Injury, 29(7-8), 822-829.
  • Ocak, U., & Avsarogulları, L. (2019). Expectations and needs of relatives of critically ill patients in the emergency department. Hong Kong J Emerg Med, 26(6), 328-335.
  • Oner, N.,ve Le Compte, A. (1983). Süreksiz durumluk/sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı (ss. 1-26). Istanbul: Bogazici Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Oyeniyi, B.T., Fox, E.E., Scerbo, M., Tomasek, J.S., Wade C.E., & Holcomb J.B. (2017). Trends in 1029 trauma deaths at a level 1 trauma center: Impact of a bleeding control bundle of care. Injury, 48(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2016.10.037
  • Redley, B., & Beanland, C. (2004). Revising the critical care family needs inventory for the emergency department. J Adv Nurs, 45, 95-104.
  • Söyük, S., & Kurtuluş, S.A. (2017). The evaluation of the problems’ emergency services from staff perspectives. Gümüşhane Univ Sağlık Bilim Derg, 6(4), 44-56.
  • Spiegel, B., Talley, J., Shekelle, P., Agarwal, N., Snyder, B., Bolus, R., Kurzbard, N., Chan, M., Ho, A., Kaneshiro, M., Cordasco, K., & Cohen, H. (2011). Development and validation of a novel patient educational booklet to enhance colonoscopy preparation. Am J Gastroenterol, 106(5), 875-883. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2011.75
  • Substance abuse and mental health services administration (SAMHSA). Trauma-informed care in behavioral health services. Treatment improvement protocol (tıp) series 57. Chapter 3: Understanding the impact of trauma. Rockville, MD: 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207201/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK207201.pdf
  • Tan, X., Rolls, K.D., Wiseman, T., & Betihavas, V. (2018). Risk factors for healthcare associated infections (HAI) or sepsis in trauma patients: an integrative literature review. 16th International Conference for Emergency Nursing (ICEN18): showcasing the best of emergency care; Pullman Albert Park, Melbourne.
  • Unal, K., Turhan, T., Atikeler, G., Calcı, E., Sonmez, M., & Yılmaz, F.M. (2017). The reasons for blood ethanol concentration analyses in patients admitted to emergency department. J Clin Anal Med, 8(3), 248-251. Wetzig, K., & Mitchell, M. (2017). The needs of families of ICU trauma patients: An integrative review. Intensive Crit Care Nurs, 41, 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2017.02.006
  • Yue, J.K., Ngwenya, L.B., Upadhyayula, P.S., Deng, H., Winkler, E.A., Burke, J.F., Lee, Y.M., Robinson, C.K., Ferguson, A. R., Lingsma, H. F., Cnossen, M.C., Pirracchio, R., Korley, F. K., Vassar, M.J., Yuh, E.L., Mukherjee, P., Gordon, W.A., Valadka, A.B., Okonkwo, D.O., Manley, G.T., & TRACK-TBI Investigators. (2017). Emergency department blood alcohol level associates with injury factors and six-month outcome after uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury. J Clin Neurosci, 45, 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2017.07.022

The anxiety faced by the relatives of trauma patients admitting to emergency department

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 519 - 527, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.1131319

Öz

Introduction: Emergency departments, which are the busiest and most complex units of hospitals, are areas where multidisciplinary teamwork is performed. Patients and their relatives admitted to emergency departments in an unprepared manner because of traumas face many uncertainties. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the anxiety levels of relatives of patients admitted to emergency departments with trauma. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the emergency department of a university hospital with the participation of a total of 97 patient relatives between December 2020 and April 2021. Data were collected using Information form and State Anxiety Inventory. Results: The mean age of the patient relatives was 35.1±8.4, and 54.6% of the patient relatives were men, and 55.7% were undergraduates. The mean State Anxiety Inventory score of patient relatives was found to be 37.3±6.3. It was also found that 63.9% had mild anxiety, and 36.1% had moderate anxiety levels. It was determined that the anxiety of the relatives of the patients varied according to the positive alcohol test results and the type of shift in which they were admitted (p < 0.05). Conclusion and suggestions: It was determined that the patient relatives admitted to the emergency department with traumas experienced mild anxiety during the first 24 hours after admission. Training should be continued to support the skills of emergency department staff in patient communication and psychosocial support, and patient relatives should be informed about the process.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir, D., & Ateş, S. (2017). Determining the effect of anxiety on the individuals satisfaction whom accompany to the patient aplly to emergency care. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Ak, E.S., Kandemir, D., & Oztekin, S.D. (2017). The effect of blood alcohol levels of severely ınjured patients on early-period patient outcomes: systematic literature review. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(3), 25-33.
  • Akkuş, Y., Cığsar, G., & Günal, E. (2018). Identifying the needs of relatives of critical patients who admits emergency department of Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine. TÜBAV Bilim, 11(1), 39-51.
  • Alireza, Z.F., Ali, A.J., & Tayebeh, N.B. (2019). Comparison the effect of trained and untrained family presence on their anxiety during invasive procedures in an emergency department: A randomized controlled trial. Turk J Emerg Med, 19, 100–105.
  • Altan, B., & Şaşmaz, M.I. (2019). The effect of blood ethanol level on mortality in patients with trauma. Van Medical Journal, 26(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.5505/vtd.2019.83713
  • Avcı, S., Arslan, E.D., & Buyukçam, F. (2017). State and trait anxiety of patients’ relatives in the emergency department. Rev Arg Med, 5(3), 190-196.
  • Barreto, M.S., Marcon, S.S., & Garcia-Vivar, C. (2016). Patterns of behaviour in families of critically ill patients in the emergency room: a focused ethnography. J Adv Nurs, 73 (3), 633-642. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13156
  • Brunett, P.H., & Cameron, P.A. (2011). Trauma. In Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, & Meckler GD (Eds.), Tintinalli’s emergency medicine a comprehensive study guide. (pp. 1671-1676). 7th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill.
  • Carson, S.S., Vu, M., Danis, M., Camhi S.L., Scheunemann, L.P., Cox, C.E., Hanson, L. C., & Nelson, J. E. (2012). Development and validation of a printed information brochure for families of chronically critically ill patients. Crit Care Med, 40(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e31822d7901
  • Çıkrıklar, H.İ., Yürümez, Y., Yücel, M., Aslan, N., Engindeniz, Z., Cebicci, H., & Altıntaş, M. (2016). Management of difficult patients in the emergency service. Sakarya Tıp Derg, 6(1), 20-26.
  • Demirtaş, A., Güvenç, G., Aslan, O., Oksüz, E., & Uçar, A.K. (2020). Determination of the anxiety and the needs of family members of critical care patients in emergency departments. Gülhane Med J, 62, 231-238.
  • Erenler, A.K., Akbulut, S., Güzel, M., Cetinkaya, H., Karaca, A., Turkoz, B., & Baydin, A. (2014). Reasons for overcrowding in the emergency department: experiences and suggestions of an education and research hospital. Turk J Emerg Med, 14(2), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.5505/1304.7361.2014.48802
  • Gallagher, N., & Edwards, F.J. (2019). The diagnosis and management of toxic alcohol poisoning in the emergency department: a review article. Adv J Emerg Med, 3(3), e28.
  • González-Robledo, J., Martin-Gonzalez, F., Moreno-Garcia, M., Sanchez-Barba, M., & Sanchez-Fernandez, F. (2015). Prognostic factors associated with mortality in patients with severe trauma: from prehospital care to the ıntensive care unit. Med Intensiva, 3(7), 412-421.
  • Gullick, J.G., Taggart, S.B., Johnston, R.A., & Ko, N. (2014). The trauma bubble: patient and family experience of serious burn injury. J Burn Care Res, 35(6), 413–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0000000000000030
  • Gülbagcı, A., Cakmak, F., Akdeniz, Y.S., Ipekcı, A., & Ikizceli, I. (2018). A survey about the level of anxiety and satisfaction of oncological patients’ relatives at emergency department. JAMER, 3(3), 43-54.
  • Hirose, T., Kitamura, T., Katayama, Y., Sado, J., Kiguchi, T., Matsuyama, T., Kiyohara, K., Takahashi, H., Tachino, J., Nakagawa, Y., Mizushima, Y., & Shimazu, T. (2020). Impact of nighttime and weekends on outcomes of emergency trauma patients. A nationwide observational study in Japan. Medicine (Baltimore), 99(1), e18687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000018687
  • Kang, J., Cho, Y-J., & Choi, S. (2020). State anxiety, uncertainty in illness, and needs of family members of critically ill patients and their experiences with family-centered multidisciplinary rounds: A mixed model study. PLoS ONE, 15(6), e0234296. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234296
  • Kanmani, T.R., & Raju, B. (2018). Caregiver’s psychosocial concerns and psychological distress in emergency and trauma care setting. J Neurosci Rural Pract, 10, 54-9.
  • Kelley, K.C., Salen, P., Wojda, T.R., Hasani, A.Z., Luster, J., Seoane, J., Cohen, M. Z., Castillo, R., & Stawicki, S. P. (2021). Impact of blood alcohol concentration on hematologic and serum chemistry parameters in trauma patients: analysis of data from a high-volume level 1 trauma center. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci, 11(1), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_112_20
  • Kinrade, T., Jackson, A.C., & Tomnay, J. (2011). Social workers’ perspectives on the psychosocial needs of families during critical illness. Soc Work Health Care, 50(9), 661–681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2011.590874
  • Köse, A., Köse, B., Öncü, R.M., & Tuğrul, F. (2011). Admission appropriateness and profile of the patients attended to a state hospital emergency department. Gaziantep Med J, 17(2), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.5455/gmj-30-2011-27
  • Leske, J.S., McAndrew, N.S., Brasel, K.J., & Feetham, S. (2017). Family presence during resuscitation after trauma. J Trauma Nurs, 24(2), 85–96.
  • Lukmanulhakim, S., & Anna, A. (2016). The relationship between communication of nurses and level of anxiety of patient’s family in emergency room dr. Dradjat Prawiranegara hospital, Serang Banten, Indonesia. Int J Res Med Sci, 4(12), 5456-5462. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20164228
  • Norup, A., Petersen, J., & Mortensen, E.L. (2015). Relatives of patients with severe brain injury: Growth curve analysis of anxiety and depression the first year after injury. Brain Injury, 29(7-8), 822-829.
  • Ocak, U., & Avsarogulları, L. (2019). Expectations and needs of relatives of critically ill patients in the emergency department. Hong Kong J Emerg Med, 26(6), 328-335.
  • Oner, N.,ve Le Compte, A. (1983). Süreksiz durumluk/sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı (ss. 1-26). Istanbul: Bogazici Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Oyeniyi, B.T., Fox, E.E., Scerbo, M., Tomasek, J.S., Wade C.E., & Holcomb J.B. (2017). Trends in 1029 trauma deaths at a level 1 trauma center: Impact of a bleeding control bundle of care. Injury, 48(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2016.10.037
  • Redley, B., & Beanland, C. (2004). Revising the critical care family needs inventory for the emergency department. J Adv Nurs, 45, 95-104.
  • Söyük, S., & Kurtuluş, S.A. (2017). The evaluation of the problems’ emergency services from staff perspectives. Gümüşhane Univ Sağlık Bilim Derg, 6(4), 44-56.
  • Spiegel, B., Talley, J., Shekelle, P., Agarwal, N., Snyder, B., Bolus, R., Kurzbard, N., Chan, M., Ho, A., Kaneshiro, M., Cordasco, K., & Cohen, H. (2011). Development and validation of a novel patient educational booklet to enhance colonoscopy preparation. Am J Gastroenterol, 106(5), 875-883. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2011.75
  • Substance abuse and mental health services administration (SAMHSA). Trauma-informed care in behavioral health services. Treatment improvement protocol (tıp) series 57. Chapter 3: Understanding the impact of trauma. Rockville, MD: 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207201/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK207201.pdf
  • Tan, X., Rolls, K.D., Wiseman, T., & Betihavas, V. (2018). Risk factors for healthcare associated infections (HAI) or sepsis in trauma patients: an integrative literature review. 16th International Conference for Emergency Nursing (ICEN18): showcasing the best of emergency care; Pullman Albert Park, Melbourne.
  • Unal, K., Turhan, T., Atikeler, G., Calcı, E., Sonmez, M., & Yılmaz, F.M. (2017). The reasons for blood ethanol concentration analyses in patients admitted to emergency department. J Clin Anal Med, 8(3), 248-251. Wetzig, K., & Mitchell, M. (2017). The needs of families of ICU trauma patients: An integrative review. Intensive Crit Care Nurs, 41, 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2017.02.006
  • Yue, J.K., Ngwenya, L.B., Upadhyayula, P.S., Deng, H., Winkler, E.A., Burke, J.F., Lee, Y.M., Robinson, C.K., Ferguson, A. R., Lingsma, H. F., Cnossen, M.C., Pirracchio, R., Korley, F. K., Vassar, M.J., Yuh, E.L., Mukherjee, P., Gordon, W.A., Valadka, A.B., Okonkwo, D.O., Manley, G.T., & TRACK-TBI Investigators. (2017). Emergency department blood alcohol level associates with injury factors and six-month outcome after uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury. J Clin Neurosci, 45, 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2017.07.022
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Orjinal Makaleler
Yazarlar

Figen Dığın 0000-0003-1861-0221

Zeynep Kızılcık Özkan 0000-0003-1892-241X

Görkem Çay 0000-0002-7252-0887

Proje Numarası yok
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 4 Ocak 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Haziran 2022
Kabul Tarihi 2 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Dığın, F., Kızılcık Özkan, Z., & Çay, G. (2023). The anxiety faced by the relatives of trauma patients admitting to emergency department. Health Academy Kastamonu, 8(3), 519-527. https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.1131319

Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, 2017 yılından itibaren UAK doçentlik kriterlerine göre 1-b dergiler (SCI, SSCI, SCI-expanded, ESCI dışındaki uluslararası indekslerde taranan dergiler) sınıfında yer almaktadır. SAĞLIK AKADEMİSİ KASTAMONU Dergi kapağı Türk Patent Enstitüsü tarafından tescil edilmiştir.