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19. Yüzyıl Alman-Yahudi Oryantalizminde İslâm Algısı

Yıl 2022, , 235 - 260, 15.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.1079446

Öz

Bu çalışmada 19. Yüzyıl Alman-Yahudi oryantalistlerin İslâm algısı konu edilmektedir. Giriş ve sonuç hariç dört başlıktan oluşan çalışmada ilk olarak Alman oryantalizmi hakkında genel hatlarıyla bilgi verilmiş, emperyalizm ve sömürge faaliyetleriyle ilişkisi sorgulanmış ve İngiliz ve Fransız gibi diğer oryantalist geleneklerle bağlantısına dikkat çekilmiştir. İkinci başlıkta Alman-Yahudi oryantalistlerin 19. yüzyılda içinde bulundukları dinî ve sosyo-kültürel konumları incelenmiş ve İslâm araştırmalarına katılmalarının arkasında yatan etkenler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Onların, siyasi etkenlerin yanı sıra daha ziyade birtakım dinî ve sosyo-kültürel etkenlerle İslâm araştırmalarına katıldıkları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Son iki başlıkta ise onların İslâm algısı mercek altına alınmış, İslâm, Hz. Muhammed ve Kur’an hakkındaki düşünceleri sunulmuştur. Burada temel olarak, asırlardır süregelen ana akım Hıristiyan-Batı oryantalizmi geleneği içerisinde konumları ve bu gelenekten onları ayıran hususiyetler inceleme konusu yapılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Arslantaş, Nuh. Hz. Muhammed Döneminde Yahudiler. İstanbul: Kuramer, 2016.
  • Avcı, Remzi. Kurgu İle Gerçeklik Arasında Alman Oryantalizmi. İstanbul: Ketebe Yayınevi, 2021.
  • Biale, David. Kabbalah and Counter-History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979.
  • Cutler, Allan - H. Cutler. The Jew as an Ally of the Muslim. Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1986.
  • Daniel, Norman. Islam and the West: The Making of an Image. Oxford: One World Publications, 1993.
  • Doğan, Özlem. Hermeneutik ve Şiir. İstanbul: Notos Kitap Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Firestone, Reuven. “Muhammad, The Jews and the Composition of the Qur’an”. Religions 10/63 (2019), 1-16.
  • Funkenstein, Amos. Perceptions of Jewish History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
  • Fück, Johann. Die Arabichen Studien in Europa bis in den Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Leipzig: Harrasowitz, 1955.
  • Geiger, Abraham. Judaism and Islam. Bangalore: M.D.C.S.P.C.K. Press, 1898.
  • Geiger, Abraham. “Jüdische Geschichte Recension”. Wissenschaft Zeitschrift für Jüdische Theologie 1 (1835), 11-32.
  • Geiger, Abraham. Judaism and Its History. New York: The Bloch Publishing Co., 1865.
  • Geiger, Ludwig. Abraham Geiger: Leben und Lebenswerk. Berlin: Druck und Verlag Von Georg Reimer, 1910.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz. Tagebuch. Leiden: Brill, 1978.
  • Gökkır, Bilal. “Oryantalist Literatürde Kur’an Kaynağı Tartışmalarının Kaynağı: Disiplinler Arası Bir Yaklaşım”. Bilimname: Düşünce Platformu 2/5 (2004), 61-74.
  • Gözeler, Esra. Kur’an Ayetlerinin Tarihlendirilmesi. İstanbul: Kuramer, 2016.
  • Gözeler, Esra. Kur’an Araştırmalarında Akademik Tezler. İstanbul: İYV Kur’an ve Tefsir Akademisi, 2017.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla. Yahudilik. 7. Baskı. İstanbul: İSAM Yayınları, 2018.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla. İbrâhim’den Ezra’ya İsrâiloğulları Tarihi. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: İSAM Yayınları, 2019.
  • Hamilton, Alastair. “A Lutheran Translator of the Qur’an: A Late Seventeenth-Century Quest”. The Republic of Letters and the Levant, ed. Alastair Hamilton. Leiden: Brill, 2005.
  • Hughes, Aaron. Situating Islam: The Past and Future of an Academic Discipline. New York: Acumen Publishing, 2008.
  • Hughes, Aaron. The Study of Judaism: Authenticity, Identity, Scholarship. New York: Suny Press, 2013.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Abraham Geiger on the Origins of Christianity: The Political Strategies of Wissenschaft des Judentums in an Era of Acculturation”. Assimilation as a Factor in Jewish History, ed. Menachem Mor. 110-126 Lanham: University Press of America, 1991.
  • Heschel, Susannah. Abraham Geiger and The Jewish Jesus. Chicago&London: Chicago University Press, 1998.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Jewish Studies as Counterhistory”. Insider/Outsider: American Jews and Multiculturalism. ed. D. Biale vd. 101-115. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “How the Jews Invented Jesus and Muhammad: Christianity and Islam in the work of Abraham Geiger”. Ethical Monotheism, Past and Present: Essays in Honor of Wendell S. Dietrich. 49-73. Providence: Brown Judaic Studies, 2001.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Judaism, Islam and Hellenism: The Conflict in Germany over the Origins of Kultur”. The Jewish Contribution to Civilization. ed. J. Cohen - R. Cohen. 98-124. Oxford: Littman Library, 2008.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Revolt of the Colonized: Abraham Geiger’s Wissenschaft des Judentums as a Challenge to Christian Hegemony in the Academy”. Kulturelle Grenzraume im jüdischen Kontext, ed. Klaus Hoedl. 61-86. Innsbruck: Studien Verlag, 2008.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Abraham Geiger and the Emergence of Jewish Philoislamism”. Die Wissenschaft des Judentums und die Anfänge der kritischen Koranforschung. ed. Dirk Hawtig. 65-86. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 2008.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “The Philological Uncanny: Nineteenth-Century Jewish Readings of the Qur’an”. Journal of Qur’anic Studies 20/3 (2018), 193-213.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Orientalist Triangulations: Jewish Scholarship on Islam as a response to Christian Europe”. The Muslim Reception of European Orientalism: Re-versing the Gaze. ed. Susannah Heschel-Umar Ryad. 147-167. London: Rout-ledge, 2019.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Yahudiliği Oryantalizmden Kurtarmak İçin İslâm’ı Araç Olarak Kullanan Alman-Yahudi Araştırmaları”. çev. Necmettin Salih Ekiz, Dokuz Eylül İlahiyat Dergisi 51/2 (2020), 321-345.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Emperyalizmin Yükselişi ve Alman-Yahudi Oryantalistlerin İslâm Araştırmalarına Katılımı”. çev. N. Salih Ekiz-Burak Pekcan. İsrâiliyat 6 (2020), 55-88.
  • Irwin, Robert. Oryantalistler ve Düşmanları, çev. Bahar Tırnakçı. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2008.
  • Johansen, Baber. “Şarkiyat Araştırmalarının Siyaset, Paradigma ve Gelişimi: Alman Şarkiyat Cemiyeti (Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesellschaft) 1845-1989”. çev. Bilal Aybakan, Marmara Marmara İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 29 (2005), 221-241.
  • Kalmar I. Davidson-Derek Penslar. Orientalism and the Jews. Hanover: University Press of New England, 2005.
  • Katsh, Abraham. Judaism in Islam. New York: Sepher Hermen Press, 2009.
  • Komisyonu, Gulbenkian. Sosyal Bilimleri Açın. 12. Baskı. çev. Şirin Tekeli. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 2018.
  • Kramer, Martin. The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis. Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1999.
  • Lassner, Jacob. Jews, Christians, and the Abode of Islam; Modern Scholarship, Medieval Realities. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2012.
  • Lassner, Jacob. “Abraham Geiger: A Nineteenth-Century Jewish Reformer on the Ori-gins of Islam”. The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis. ed. Martin Kramer. 103-137. Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1999.
  • Lassner, Jacob. “Abraham Geiger: 19. Yüzyılda İslâm’ın Kökenlerini Araştıran Reformist Bir Yahudi”. çev. Necmettin Salih Ekiz. Düzce Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5/1 (2021), 103-137.
  • Lewis, Bernard. “The pro-Islamic Jews”. Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East. 391-404. Chicago: Open Court, 1993.
  • Libson, Gideon. “Hidden Worlds and Open Shutters: S.D. Goitein between Judaism and Islam”. The Jewish Past Revisited: Reflections on Modern Jewish Historians. ed. David N. Myers-David B. Ruderman. 163-198. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.
  • Mangold, Sabine. Eine weltbürgerliche Wissenschaft: Deutsche Orientalistik im 19. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004.
  • Marchand, Suzanne. German Orientalism in the Age of Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
  • Meyers, Michael A. “Universalim and Jewish Unity in the Thought of Abraham Geiger”. The Role of Religion in Modern Jewish History. ed. Jacob Katz. 11-13. Cambridge: Association for Jewish Studies, 1975.
  • Meyers, Michael A. “The Jewish Scholarship and Jewish Identity: Their Historical Relationship in Modern Germany”. Studies in Contemporary Jewry 8 (1992), 181-193.
  • Meyers, Michael A. “German Jews: The History and the Heritage”. The Leo Baeck Memorial Lecture. 1-15. New York: Leo Baeck Institute, 2016.
  • Neuwirth, Angelika. “Qur’anic Studies and Philology”. International Quranic Studies Association Conference. San Diego: 2013.
  • Newby, Gordon D. “A Prolegomenon to the Relation of the Qur’an and the Bible”. Bible and The Qur’an: Essays in Scriptural Intertextuality. ed. John C. Reeves. 23-42. Leiden: Brill, 2004.
  • Öztürk, Ali Osman. Alman Oryantalizmi. Ankara: Vadi Yay., 2000.
  • Paret, Rudi. The Study of Arabic and Islam at German Universities: German Orientalists since Theodor Nöldeke. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1968.
  • Pasto, James. “Islam’s ‘Strange Secret Sharer’: Orientalism, Judaism and Jewish Question”. Comparative Studies in Society and History 40/3 (1998), 437-474.
  • Philipson, David. Centenary Papers and Others. Cincinati: Ark Publishing, 1919.
  • Pregill, Michael E. “The Hebrew Bible and the Qur’an: The Problem of Jewish Influence on Islam”. Religion Compass 1/6 (2007), 643-659.
  • Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
  • Schwartz, Yossef. “Jewish Orientalism Premodern and Modern, Epochal Variations of Cultural Hybridity”. Modern Jewish Scholarship on Islam in Context: Rationality, European Borders, and the Search for Belonging. ed. Ottfried Fraisse. 31-59. Boston: De Gruyter, 2018.
  • Stillman, Norman. “Islamici nil a me alienum puto: The Mindset of Jewish Scholars of Islamic Studies”. Modern Jewish Scholarship on Islam in Context: Rationality, European Borders, and the Search for Belonging. ed. Ottfried Fraisse. 181-198. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2018.
  • Taştekin, Emel. “Another Look at Orientalism: Western Literature in the Face of Is-lam”. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, The University of British Columbia, 2011.
  • Tolan, John V. “19. Yüzyıl Aşkenaz Yahudilerinin Monoteist Reformu İçin Bir Model Olarak Hz. Muhammed”. çev. Necmettin Salih Ekiz, Oksident Dergisi 3 (2020), 94-122.
  • Wokoeck, Ursula. German Orientalism: The Study of the Middle East and Islam from 1800 to 1945. New York: Routledge, 2009.
  • Yaşar, Hüseyin. Alman Oryantalizminde Kur’an’a Bakış. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2010.

Perception of Islam in 19th Century German-Jewish Orientalism

Yıl 2022, , 235 - 260, 15.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.1079446

Öz

In this study, the perception of Islam by 19th century German-Jewish orientalists is discussed. The study consists of four titles, excluding the introduction and conclusion. Firstly, general information about German orientalism is given, its relationship with imperialism and colonial activities is questioned, and attention is drawn to its connection with other orientalist traditions such as British and French. According to the researchers, the relationship of German orientalists with colonial activities was not as intense as the members of other orientalist traditions, so political factors remained in the background in their research, and they were able to adopt a more objective point of view. This was explained by Germany's relatively late participation in colonial activities. Therefore, it is important to determine the religious and socio-cultural factors in their perception of Islam. The beginning of German orientalism's involvement in Middle Eastern and Islamic studies dates to the first half of the 19th century. This was mostly carried out by the hand of German-Jewish orientalists. Thanks to them, there was a boom in orientalist Islamic studies, and this situation continued until the Second World War. In other words, German-Jewish orientalists had a vital importance for both German and Western orientalism. In the second section, the religious and socio-cultural positions of German-Jewish orientalists in the 19th century were examined, and the factors behind their participation in Islamic studies were tried to be deter-mined. It has been tried to reveal that they participated in Islamic studies with some religious and socio-cultural factors as well as political factors. While participating in Islamic studies, the main starting points were determined, and in this context, their thoughts and studies on both Judaism and Christianity were pointed out.

Kaynakça

  • Arslantaş, Nuh. Hz. Muhammed Döneminde Yahudiler. İstanbul: Kuramer, 2016.
  • Avcı, Remzi. Kurgu İle Gerçeklik Arasında Alman Oryantalizmi. İstanbul: Ketebe Yayınevi, 2021.
  • Biale, David. Kabbalah and Counter-History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979.
  • Cutler, Allan - H. Cutler. The Jew as an Ally of the Muslim. Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1986.
  • Daniel, Norman. Islam and the West: The Making of an Image. Oxford: One World Publications, 1993.
  • Doğan, Özlem. Hermeneutik ve Şiir. İstanbul: Notos Kitap Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Firestone, Reuven. “Muhammad, The Jews and the Composition of the Qur’an”. Religions 10/63 (2019), 1-16.
  • Funkenstein, Amos. Perceptions of Jewish History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
  • Fück, Johann. Die Arabichen Studien in Europa bis in den Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Leipzig: Harrasowitz, 1955.
  • Geiger, Abraham. Judaism and Islam. Bangalore: M.D.C.S.P.C.K. Press, 1898.
  • Geiger, Abraham. “Jüdische Geschichte Recension”. Wissenschaft Zeitschrift für Jüdische Theologie 1 (1835), 11-32.
  • Geiger, Abraham. Judaism and Its History. New York: The Bloch Publishing Co., 1865.
  • Geiger, Ludwig. Abraham Geiger: Leben und Lebenswerk. Berlin: Druck und Verlag Von Georg Reimer, 1910.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz. Tagebuch. Leiden: Brill, 1978.
  • Gökkır, Bilal. “Oryantalist Literatürde Kur’an Kaynağı Tartışmalarının Kaynağı: Disiplinler Arası Bir Yaklaşım”. Bilimname: Düşünce Platformu 2/5 (2004), 61-74.
  • Gözeler, Esra. Kur’an Ayetlerinin Tarihlendirilmesi. İstanbul: Kuramer, 2016.
  • Gözeler, Esra. Kur’an Araştırmalarında Akademik Tezler. İstanbul: İYV Kur’an ve Tefsir Akademisi, 2017.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla. Yahudilik. 7. Baskı. İstanbul: İSAM Yayınları, 2018.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla. İbrâhim’den Ezra’ya İsrâiloğulları Tarihi. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: İSAM Yayınları, 2019.
  • Hamilton, Alastair. “A Lutheran Translator of the Qur’an: A Late Seventeenth-Century Quest”. The Republic of Letters and the Levant, ed. Alastair Hamilton. Leiden: Brill, 2005.
  • Hughes, Aaron. Situating Islam: The Past and Future of an Academic Discipline. New York: Acumen Publishing, 2008.
  • Hughes, Aaron. The Study of Judaism: Authenticity, Identity, Scholarship. New York: Suny Press, 2013.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Abraham Geiger on the Origins of Christianity: The Political Strategies of Wissenschaft des Judentums in an Era of Acculturation”. Assimilation as a Factor in Jewish History, ed. Menachem Mor. 110-126 Lanham: University Press of America, 1991.
  • Heschel, Susannah. Abraham Geiger and The Jewish Jesus. Chicago&London: Chicago University Press, 1998.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Jewish Studies as Counterhistory”. Insider/Outsider: American Jews and Multiculturalism. ed. D. Biale vd. 101-115. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “How the Jews Invented Jesus and Muhammad: Christianity and Islam in the work of Abraham Geiger”. Ethical Monotheism, Past and Present: Essays in Honor of Wendell S. Dietrich. 49-73. Providence: Brown Judaic Studies, 2001.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Judaism, Islam and Hellenism: The Conflict in Germany over the Origins of Kultur”. The Jewish Contribution to Civilization. ed. J. Cohen - R. Cohen. 98-124. Oxford: Littman Library, 2008.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Revolt of the Colonized: Abraham Geiger’s Wissenschaft des Judentums as a Challenge to Christian Hegemony in the Academy”. Kulturelle Grenzraume im jüdischen Kontext, ed. Klaus Hoedl. 61-86. Innsbruck: Studien Verlag, 2008.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Abraham Geiger and the Emergence of Jewish Philoislamism”. Die Wissenschaft des Judentums und die Anfänge der kritischen Koranforschung. ed. Dirk Hawtig. 65-86. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 2008.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “The Philological Uncanny: Nineteenth-Century Jewish Readings of the Qur’an”. Journal of Qur’anic Studies 20/3 (2018), 193-213.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Orientalist Triangulations: Jewish Scholarship on Islam as a response to Christian Europe”. The Muslim Reception of European Orientalism: Re-versing the Gaze. ed. Susannah Heschel-Umar Ryad. 147-167. London: Rout-ledge, 2019.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Yahudiliği Oryantalizmden Kurtarmak İçin İslâm’ı Araç Olarak Kullanan Alman-Yahudi Araştırmaları”. çev. Necmettin Salih Ekiz, Dokuz Eylül İlahiyat Dergisi 51/2 (2020), 321-345.
  • Heschel, Susannah. “Emperyalizmin Yükselişi ve Alman-Yahudi Oryantalistlerin İslâm Araştırmalarına Katılımı”. çev. N. Salih Ekiz-Burak Pekcan. İsrâiliyat 6 (2020), 55-88.
  • Irwin, Robert. Oryantalistler ve Düşmanları, çev. Bahar Tırnakçı. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2008.
  • Johansen, Baber. “Şarkiyat Araştırmalarının Siyaset, Paradigma ve Gelişimi: Alman Şarkiyat Cemiyeti (Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesellschaft) 1845-1989”. çev. Bilal Aybakan, Marmara Marmara İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 29 (2005), 221-241.
  • Kalmar I. Davidson-Derek Penslar. Orientalism and the Jews. Hanover: University Press of New England, 2005.
  • Katsh, Abraham. Judaism in Islam. New York: Sepher Hermen Press, 2009.
  • Komisyonu, Gulbenkian. Sosyal Bilimleri Açın. 12. Baskı. çev. Şirin Tekeli. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 2018.
  • Kramer, Martin. The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis. Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1999.
  • Lassner, Jacob. Jews, Christians, and the Abode of Islam; Modern Scholarship, Medieval Realities. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2012.
  • Lassner, Jacob. “Abraham Geiger: A Nineteenth-Century Jewish Reformer on the Ori-gins of Islam”. The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis. ed. Martin Kramer. 103-137. Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1999.
  • Lassner, Jacob. “Abraham Geiger: 19. Yüzyılda İslâm’ın Kökenlerini Araştıran Reformist Bir Yahudi”. çev. Necmettin Salih Ekiz. Düzce Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5/1 (2021), 103-137.
  • Lewis, Bernard. “The pro-Islamic Jews”. Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East. 391-404. Chicago: Open Court, 1993.
  • Libson, Gideon. “Hidden Worlds and Open Shutters: S.D. Goitein between Judaism and Islam”. The Jewish Past Revisited: Reflections on Modern Jewish Historians. ed. David N. Myers-David B. Ruderman. 163-198. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.
  • Mangold, Sabine. Eine weltbürgerliche Wissenschaft: Deutsche Orientalistik im 19. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004.
  • Marchand, Suzanne. German Orientalism in the Age of Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
  • Meyers, Michael A. “Universalim and Jewish Unity in the Thought of Abraham Geiger”. The Role of Religion in Modern Jewish History. ed. Jacob Katz. 11-13. Cambridge: Association for Jewish Studies, 1975.
  • Meyers, Michael A. “The Jewish Scholarship and Jewish Identity: Their Historical Relationship in Modern Germany”. Studies in Contemporary Jewry 8 (1992), 181-193.
  • Meyers, Michael A. “German Jews: The History and the Heritage”. The Leo Baeck Memorial Lecture. 1-15. New York: Leo Baeck Institute, 2016.
  • Neuwirth, Angelika. “Qur’anic Studies and Philology”. International Quranic Studies Association Conference. San Diego: 2013.
  • Newby, Gordon D. “A Prolegomenon to the Relation of the Qur’an and the Bible”. Bible and The Qur’an: Essays in Scriptural Intertextuality. ed. John C. Reeves. 23-42. Leiden: Brill, 2004.
  • Öztürk, Ali Osman. Alman Oryantalizmi. Ankara: Vadi Yay., 2000.
  • Paret, Rudi. The Study of Arabic and Islam at German Universities: German Orientalists since Theodor Nöldeke. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1968.
  • Pasto, James. “Islam’s ‘Strange Secret Sharer’: Orientalism, Judaism and Jewish Question”. Comparative Studies in Society and History 40/3 (1998), 437-474.
  • Philipson, David. Centenary Papers and Others. Cincinati: Ark Publishing, 1919.
  • Pregill, Michael E. “The Hebrew Bible and the Qur’an: The Problem of Jewish Influence on Islam”. Religion Compass 1/6 (2007), 643-659.
  • Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
  • Schwartz, Yossef. “Jewish Orientalism Premodern and Modern, Epochal Variations of Cultural Hybridity”. Modern Jewish Scholarship on Islam in Context: Rationality, European Borders, and the Search for Belonging. ed. Ottfried Fraisse. 31-59. Boston: De Gruyter, 2018.
  • Stillman, Norman. “Islamici nil a me alienum puto: The Mindset of Jewish Scholars of Islamic Studies”. Modern Jewish Scholarship on Islam in Context: Rationality, European Borders, and the Search for Belonging. ed. Ottfried Fraisse. 181-198. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2018.
  • Taştekin, Emel. “Another Look at Orientalism: Western Literature in the Face of Is-lam”. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, The University of British Columbia, 2011.
  • Tolan, John V. “19. Yüzyıl Aşkenaz Yahudilerinin Monoteist Reformu İçin Bir Model Olarak Hz. Muhammed”. çev. Necmettin Salih Ekiz, Oksident Dergisi 3 (2020), 94-122.
  • Wokoeck, Ursula. German Orientalism: The Study of the Middle East and Islam from 1800 to 1945. New York: Routledge, 2009.
  • Yaşar, Hüseyin. Alman Oryantalizminde Kur’an’a Bakış. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2010.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Necmettin Salih Ekiz 0000-0003-3123-4371

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Ekiz, Necmettin Salih. “19. Yüzyıl Alman-Yahudi Oryantalizminde İslâm Algısı”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 24/45 (Haziran 2022), 235-260. https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.1079446.

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