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Mizrachim and Their Socio-Cultural Status in Israel

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 37, 81 - 105, 18.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.348441

Öz

The Jewish community in Israel has
become a heterogeneous and even forked structure composed of Middle Eastern and
European Jews as a result of immigration from several countries, especially
after the 1950s. Today, we hear of existence of different Jewish groups like
Ashkenazim, Sephardim, Mizrachim, Falashim, Samirim, and Karaim in Israel. But,
it is generally divided binary as West and East under the influence of
orientalist perspective. The first of them is Ashkenazim and it is thought that
they represent Western culture; the second one is Mizrachim and it is thought
that they represent Eastern culture. There have been the social, political,
economic and sometimes religious conflict between these two groups since they
immigrated to Israel. In this essay, we will first inform about these two
groups and then focus on their main matter of conflict and its reason with
examples in daily life.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, Mohamed A. H. ve Ashraf Elsharkawy. “Tel Aviv Mizrah: The Poten-tial of Iraqi Cultural Identity within Two Generations.” Journal of Mo-dern Jewish Studies 14, sy. 3 (2015): 430-445.
  • Aruri, Nasır H. “İsrail’deki Doğu Yahudileri.” Siyonizm ve Irkçılık içinde, çevi-ren Türkkaya Ataöv, 117-135. Ankara: Birey ve Toplum Araştırmaları, 1985.
  • Cohen, Shuki J. “Prejudice and the Unexamined Life: A Neuro-psychoanalytic Framework for the Repressed Conflict between Ethnic and National Identities among Arab-Jews in Israel.” International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies 8, sy. 4 (2011): 325-340.
  • Eraqi-Klorman, Bat-Zion. “Yemen.” The Jews of Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times içinde, editör R. Spector Simon v.dğr (New York: Colum-bia University Press, 2002), 389--409.
  • Friedson, Yeal. “Illegal Selection Committee in Ultra-Orthodox Housing Pro-ject.”Ynetnews, 1 Aralık 2016. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4887039,00.html.
  • Giladi, Gideon. Discord in Zion: Conflict between Ashkenazi&Sephardi Jews in Israel. London: Scorpion, 1990.
  • Goldberg, Harvey E. ve Chen Bram. “Sephardic/Mizrahi/Arab-Jews: Reflecti-ons on Critical Sociology and the Study of Middle Eastern Jewries wit-hin the Coxtext of Israeli Society.” Sephardic Jewry and Mizrahi Jews için-de, editör Peter Y. Medding, 227-259. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
  • Heller, Moshe. “Ashkenazi Seminary for Sephardic Girls.” Ynetnews, 13 Kasım 2012. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4303669,00.html.
  • Herzl, Theoder. Yahudi Devleti. Çeviren Sedat Demir. İstanbul: Ataç Yayınları, 2007.
  • Kashti, Or. “Ashkenazi Parent: Sephardi Girls have a Bad Influence on Our Girls.” Haaretz, 24 Aralık 2009. https://www.haaretz.com/ashkenazi-parent-sephardi-girls-have-a-bad-influence-on-our-girls-1.1513.
  • Katz, Yossi. “Agricultural Settlements in Palestine, 1882-1914.” Jewish Social Studies 50, sy. 1/2 (1988-1992): 63-82.
  • Kellner, Menachem. Must A Jew Believe Anything?. Oxford: Littmann Library of Jewish Civilization, 2006.
  • Kellner, Menachem. Dogma in Medieval Jewish Thought: from Maimonides to Abravanel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
  • Kerem, Moshe. “Kibbutz Movement.” Encyclopedia Judaica. Editör Fred Skolnik, 2. baskı, 12: 121-138. New York: Thomson Gale, 2007.
  • Khazzoom, Aziza. “The Great Chain of Orientalism: Jewish Identity, Stigma Management, and Ethnic Exclusion in Israel.” American Social Review 68, sy. 4 (2003): 481-510.
  • Küng, Hans. Judaism. Çeviren John Bowden. Münich: SCM Press ltd, 1992.
  • Levy, Lital. “Historicizing the Concept of Arab Jews in the ‘Mashriq’.” JQR 98, sy. 4 (2008): 452-469.
  • Liebman, Charles S. “Cultural Conflict in Israeli Society.” The Jewishness of Israelis içinde, editör Charles S. Liebman ve Elihu Katz, 103-118. New York: State University of New York Press, 1997.
  • Liebman, Charles S. “Religion and Modernity: The Special Case of Israel.” The Jewishness of Israelis: Response to the Guttman Report içinde, editör Charles S. Liebman ve Alihu Katz, 85-103. New York: State University Press of New York, 1997.
  • Lilienthal, Alfred M., “İsrail’e Göçü Kışkırtan Siyonist Entrikalar.” Siyonizm ve Irkçılık içinde, çeviren Türkkaya Ataöv, 51-65. Ankara: Birey ve Toplum Araştırmaları, 1985.
  • Massad, Joseph. “Zionism’s Internal Others: Israel and the Oriental Jews.” Journal of Palestine Studies 25, sy. 4 (1996): 53-68. Medzini, Meron ve Gilboa Shaked. “Histadrut.” Encyclopedia Judaica. Editör Fred Skolnik. 2. baskı, 9:146-150. New York: Thomson Gale, 2007.
  • Meron, Ya’akov. “Expulsion of the Jews from the Arab Countries: The Palesti-nians’ Attitude towards it and Their Claims.” The Forgetton Millions: The Modern Jewish Exodus from Arab Lands içinde, editör Malka Hillel Shulewitz (London: Continuum, 1999), 83-126.
  • Oppenheimer, Yochai. “The Holocaust: A Mizrachi Perspective.” Hebrew Stu-dies, sy. 51 (2010): 303-328.
  • Prince-Gibson, Eetta. “‘I Left Iraq but Iraq Never Left Me’: Jewish Exiles Finally Begin to Tell Their Story.” Haaretz, 13 Haziran 2017, https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.795156.
  • Ryan, Joseph L. “Siyonizm, Yahudiler ve Yahudilik.” Siyonizm ve Irkçılık için-de, çeviren Türkkaya Ataöv, 41-49. Ankara: Birey ve Toplum Araştırma-ları, 1985.
  • Schechter, Solomon. Zionism: A Statement (The American History, 1906).
  • Shahak, Israel ve Norton Mezvinsky. İsrail’de Yahudi Fundamentalizmi. Çeviren Ahmet Emin Dağ. İstanbul: Anka Yayınları, 2002.
  • Shenhav, Yehouda ve Hanna Hever. “‘Arab Jews’ after Scructuralism: Zionist Discourse and the Deformation of Ethnic Identity.” Social Identities 18, sy. 1 (2012): 101-118.
  • Shohat, Ella. “The Invention of the Mizrahim.” Journal of Palestine Studies 29, sy. 1 (1999): 5-20.
  • Shohat, Ella. “The Shaping of Mizrahi Studies: A Relationship Approach.” Israel Studies Forum 17, sy. 2 (2002): 86-93.
  • Shohat, Ella. “Dislocated Identities: Reflections of an Arab-Jew.” Movement Research: Performance Journal 5 (1992):8.
  • Smith, Terence. “In a Tel Aviv Quarter Called ‘Hope’, the Residents Have Litt-le.” New York Times, 22 Mayıs 1973, http://www.nytimes.com/1973/05/22/archives/in-a-tel-aviv-quarter-called-hope-the-residents-have-little-taken.html.
  • Susa, Ahmet. Tarihte Araplar ve Yahudiler. Çeviren Ahsen Batur. İstanbul: Se-lenge Yayınları, 2005.
  • Şalom, “İsrail’de Sefarad Eğitimi Devrimi,” 8 Temmuz 2016, http://www.salom.com.tr/haber-99788-Israilde_egitimde__sefarad_devrimi__.html.
  • Werblowsky, R. J. Zwi, ed., “Aliyyah.” The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Reli-gion. 36-37. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

MİZRAHİ YAHUDİLERİ VE İSRAİL’DEKİ SOSYO KÜLTÜREL DURUMLARI

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 37, 81 - 105, 18.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.348441

Öz

İsrail’deki
Yahudi topluluğu özellikle 1950’lerden sonra birçok ülkeden alınan göçler
neticesinde Ortadoğu ve Avrupa Yahudilerinden oluşan heterojen hatta
çatallaşmış bir yapı hâline gelmiştir. Bugün İsrail’de Aşkenaziler, Sefardiler,
Mizrahiler, Falaşalar, Samiriler ve Karailer
olmak üzere birçok Yahudi grubun varlığından söz edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte
oryantalist perspektifin etkisinde Batı ve Doğu şeklinde genel bir ayrıma
gidilerek Yahudi gruplar arasında ikili bir taksim de yapılmaktadır. İlk grup Batı’yı
temsil ettiği düşünülen Aşkenaziler, ikinci grup ise Doğu kültürünü temsil
ettiği düşünülen ve genel itibariyle Mizrahiler adı altında toplanan
Yahudilerden oluşmaktadır. Bu iki grup arasında İsrail’e ilk yerleştikleri
zamandan itibaren süregelen sosyal, siyasi, iktisadi ve hatta kimi zaman dini
meselelerde anlaşmazlık söz konusudur. Çalışmamızda iki grup hakkında bilgi verildikten
sonra aralarındaki temel ihtilaf konularının nedeni üzerinde durulması
hedeflenmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, Mohamed A. H. ve Ashraf Elsharkawy. “Tel Aviv Mizrah: The Poten-tial of Iraqi Cultural Identity within Two Generations.” Journal of Mo-dern Jewish Studies 14, sy. 3 (2015): 430-445.
  • Aruri, Nasır H. “İsrail’deki Doğu Yahudileri.” Siyonizm ve Irkçılık içinde, çevi-ren Türkkaya Ataöv, 117-135. Ankara: Birey ve Toplum Araştırmaları, 1985.
  • Cohen, Shuki J. “Prejudice and the Unexamined Life: A Neuro-psychoanalytic Framework for the Repressed Conflict between Ethnic and National Identities among Arab-Jews in Israel.” International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies 8, sy. 4 (2011): 325-340.
  • Eraqi-Klorman, Bat-Zion. “Yemen.” The Jews of Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times içinde, editör R. Spector Simon v.dğr (New York: Colum-bia University Press, 2002), 389--409.
  • Friedson, Yeal. “Illegal Selection Committee in Ultra-Orthodox Housing Pro-ject.”Ynetnews, 1 Aralık 2016. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4887039,00.html.
  • Giladi, Gideon. Discord in Zion: Conflict between Ashkenazi&Sephardi Jews in Israel. London: Scorpion, 1990.
  • Goldberg, Harvey E. ve Chen Bram. “Sephardic/Mizrahi/Arab-Jews: Reflecti-ons on Critical Sociology and the Study of Middle Eastern Jewries wit-hin the Coxtext of Israeli Society.” Sephardic Jewry and Mizrahi Jews için-de, editör Peter Y. Medding, 227-259. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
  • Heller, Moshe. “Ashkenazi Seminary for Sephardic Girls.” Ynetnews, 13 Kasım 2012. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4303669,00.html.
  • Herzl, Theoder. Yahudi Devleti. Çeviren Sedat Demir. İstanbul: Ataç Yayınları, 2007.
  • Kashti, Or. “Ashkenazi Parent: Sephardi Girls have a Bad Influence on Our Girls.” Haaretz, 24 Aralık 2009. https://www.haaretz.com/ashkenazi-parent-sephardi-girls-have-a-bad-influence-on-our-girls-1.1513.
  • Katz, Yossi. “Agricultural Settlements in Palestine, 1882-1914.” Jewish Social Studies 50, sy. 1/2 (1988-1992): 63-82.
  • Kellner, Menachem. Must A Jew Believe Anything?. Oxford: Littmann Library of Jewish Civilization, 2006.
  • Kellner, Menachem. Dogma in Medieval Jewish Thought: from Maimonides to Abravanel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
  • Kerem, Moshe. “Kibbutz Movement.” Encyclopedia Judaica. Editör Fred Skolnik, 2. baskı, 12: 121-138. New York: Thomson Gale, 2007.
  • Khazzoom, Aziza. “The Great Chain of Orientalism: Jewish Identity, Stigma Management, and Ethnic Exclusion in Israel.” American Social Review 68, sy. 4 (2003): 481-510.
  • Küng, Hans. Judaism. Çeviren John Bowden. Münich: SCM Press ltd, 1992.
  • Levy, Lital. “Historicizing the Concept of Arab Jews in the ‘Mashriq’.” JQR 98, sy. 4 (2008): 452-469.
  • Liebman, Charles S. “Cultural Conflict in Israeli Society.” The Jewishness of Israelis içinde, editör Charles S. Liebman ve Elihu Katz, 103-118. New York: State University of New York Press, 1997.
  • Liebman, Charles S. “Religion and Modernity: The Special Case of Israel.” The Jewishness of Israelis: Response to the Guttman Report içinde, editör Charles S. Liebman ve Alihu Katz, 85-103. New York: State University Press of New York, 1997.
  • Lilienthal, Alfred M., “İsrail’e Göçü Kışkırtan Siyonist Entrikalar.” Siyonizm ve Irkçılık içinde, çeviren Türkkaya Ataöv, 51-65. Ankara: Birey ve Toplum Araştırmaları, 1985.
  • Massad, Joseph. “Zionism’s Internal Others: Israel and the Oriental Jews.” Journal of Palestine Studies 25, sy. 4 (1996): 53-68. Medzini, Meron ve Gilboa Shaked. “Histadrut.” Encyclopedia Judaica. Editör Fred Skolnik. 2. baskı, 9:146-150. New York: Thomson Gale, 2007.
  • Meron, Ya’akov. “Expulsion of the Jews from the Arab Countries: The Palesti-nians’ Attitude towards it and Their Claims.” The Forgetton Millions: The Modern Jewish Exodus from Arab Lands içinde, editör Malka Hillel Shulewitz (London: Continuum, 1999), 83-126.
  • Oppenheimer, Yochai. “The Holocaust: A Mizrachi Perspective.” Hebrew Stu-dies, sy. 51 (2010): 303-328.
  • Prince-Gibson, Eetta. “‘I Left Iraq but Iraq Never Left Me’: Jewish Exiles Finally Begin to Tell Their Story.” Haaretz, 13 Haziran 2017, https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.795156.
  • Ryan, Joseph L. “Siyonizm, Yahudiler ve Yahudilik.” Siyonizm ve Irkçılık için-de, çeviren Türkkaya Ataöv, 41-49. Ankara: Birey ve Toplum Araştırma-ları, 1985.
  • Schechter, Solomon. Zionism: A Statement (The American History, 1906).
  • Shahak, Israel ve Norton Mezvinsky. İsrail’de Yahudi Fundamentalizmi. Çeviren Ahmet Emin Dağ. İstanbul: Anka Yayınları, 2002.
  • Shenhav, Yehouda ve Hanna Hever. “‘Arab Jews’ after Scructuralism: Zionist Discourse and the Deformation of Ethnic Identity.” Social Identities 18, sy. 1 (2012): 101-118.
  • Shohat, Ella. “The Invention of the Mizrahim.” Journal of Palestine Studies 29, sy. 1 (1999): 5-20.
  • Shohat, Ella. “The Shaping of Mizrahi Studies: A Relationship Approach.” Israel Studies Forum 17, sy. 2 (2002): 86-93.
  • Shohat, Ella. “Dislocated Identities: Reflections of an Arab-Jew.” Movement Research: Performance Journal 5 (1992):8.
  • Smith, Terence. “In a Tel Aviv Quarter Called ‘Hope’, the Residents Have Litt-le.” New York Times, 22 Mayıs 1973, http://www.nytimes.com/1973/05/22/archives/in-a-tel-aviv-quarter-called-hope-the-residents-have-little-taken.html.
  • Susa, Ahmet. Tarihte Araplar ve Yahudiler. Çeviren Ahsen Batur. İstanbul: Se-lenge Yayınları, 2005.
  • Şalom, “İsrail’de Sefarad Eğitimi Devrimi,” 8 Temmuz 2016, http://www.salom.com.tr/haber-99788-Israilde_egitimde__sefarad_devrimi__.html.
  • Werblowsky, R. J. Zwi, ed., “Aliyyah.” The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Reli-gion. 36-37. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ravza Aydın 0000-0002-1463-2151

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 37

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Aydın, Ravza. “MİZRAHİ YAHUDİLERİ VE İSRAİL’DEKİ SOSYO KÜLTÜREL DURUMLARI”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 20/37 (Haziran 2018), 81-105. https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.348441.

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