Malaka Sultanlığı Döneminde Malaka Şehri ve Malay Yarımadası'nın İslamlaşmasındaki Rolü

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 43, 133 - 164, 15.06.2021

Osman Aydınlı , Ain Balkis Mohd Azam

Öz

XIV. asrın sonları veya XV. asrın başlarında Paramesvara tarafından kurulan Malaka şehri, Malay Yarımadası'nın batı kıyısında yer almaktadır. Malaka merkezli kurulan ve bir asrı geçkin hüküm süren Malaka Sultanlığı ise, Malay Yarımadası’nın önemli devletlerinden biri olarak bilinmektedir. Malaka’nın uluslararası bir ticaret merkezi olarak ortaya çıkışı, İslâm’ın Malay Yarımadası ve çevresindeki eyaletlere yayılmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Malaka, ticaret yapmak ve İslâm'ı tanıtmak için yabancı ülkelerden gelen tüccarlar ve âlimleri cezbeden önemli bir şehir olmuştur. Müslüman tüccarlar ve âlimlerin yanında Malaka hükümdarlarının ekonomik ve politik stratejileri Malaka ve Malay Yarımadası'nda İslâm'ın gelişmesinde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. İslâm'ın gelişi Malaka toplumunu ve Malay Yarımadası devletlerini idarî, dinî, sosyal ve kültürel hayat hatta gelenekler açısından etkilemiştir. Müslüman olmayan toplumların yaşadığı Malaka’da, İslâm'ın gelişinden sonra devletin “Undang-Undang Melaka” (Malaka Yasası) ve “Undang-Undang Laut Melaka” (Malaka Deniz Yasası) şeklindeki anayasalarında İslâm hukuku yoğun bir şekilde etkisini göstermiştir. İslâmi öğretim Malaka'da aktif olarak gerçekleşmeye ve yayılmaya başlamıştır. Malaka Sultanı, diğer Malay Yarımadası eyaletlerindeki Sultanlara dini konuları öğretmek veya sormak için elçiler göndermiştir. Bu gelenek, Malaka ve Malay Yarımadası'nda İslâm'ın gelişmesinde önemli etkenlerden biri olmuştur. Bu makale, Malaka’nın kuruluşu ve bu şehrin Malaka Sultanlığı döneminde Malay Yarımadası'nda İslâm’ın yayılıp gelişmesine katkısı ve bu dinin devlet ve toplum üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Malay Yarımadası, Malaka, Malaka Sultanlığı, İslamlaşma, İslam Kültürü

City of Malacca / The Sultanate of Malacca and its Role in the Islamization of the Malay Peninsula

Öz

Malacca which was founded by Parameswara at the end of the 14th century or the start of the 15th is situated on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula. The Malacca Sultanate, which was established in Malaka and reigned for more than a century, is recognized as one of the Malay Peninsula's most significant states. Malacca’s emergence as an international trading center has played a significant role in the spreading of Islam through the Malay Peninsula and the surrounding states. Malacca has successfully attracted traders and scholars from foreign countries who came to run business and teaching Islam. Despite traders and scholars, Malacca’s rulers play an important role in the development of Islam in Malacca and the Malay Peninsula through the economy and political strategy. The advent of Islam has influenced Malacca society and Malay Peninsula’s states in administration, religious practice, socio-culture, and traditions. Malacca which was inhabited by non-Muslim society shows the impact of Islamic law in the state’s main laws which were Undang-Undang Melaka (Malacca Law) and Undang-Undang Laut Melaka (Malacca Maritime Code) after the arrival of Islam. Islamic teaching was actively carried out in Malacca. Sultan would send a messenger to other Sultan in the other Malay states to ask about religious issues. This tradition has been one of the main reasons for the development of Islam in Malacca and the Malay Peninsula. Thus, this article will discuss the arrival and development of Islam in the Malay Peninsula during the Malacca Sultanate era and the impact it has on the states and their society.

[You may find an extended abstract of this article after the references.]

Anahtar Kelimeler

Malay Peninsula, Malacca City, Malacca Sultanate, Islamization, Islamic Culture

Kaynakça

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