LOUIS H. SULLIVAN’IN ŞİKAGO OKULU ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Yıl 2024, , 486 - 511, 28.06.2024

Ezgi Bay Şahin

https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.1506467

Öz

1830’lardan itibaren canlı bir kent olan Şikago yeni fırsatlar için insanları çekmeye başlamış
ve aktif bir iş merkezi haline gelmiştir. 1871’deki büyük yıkımla sonuçlanan Büyük Yangın’dan
sonra, şehri en kısa sürede yeniden inşa etmek tek öncelik olmuştur. Çözümlenmesi
gereken birçok problemden biri yangına karşı koruyucu malzemelerin olmamasıdır. Diğeri
ise Şikago’nun mukavemet dayanımı düşük zeminine dayanabilecek temel sistemlerinin
eksikliğidir. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, birçok önde gelen mimar ve mühendis, teknolojik
gelişmelerin yardımıyla bu problemlerle başa çıkmanın yanı sıra yeni bir akımı ortaya
çıkarmışlardır. Bu makale, Şikago Mimarlık Okulu’nun oluştuğu dönemi, Louis Henry Sullivan’ın
bu akım üzerindeki etkisini, dönemin gelişen teknolojisi ile bina yapım ilkelerini
değerlendirmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, bu dönemde kullanılan yeni malzeme, inşaat
teknikleri ve yenilikçi fikirleri değerlendirerek bir kentin, büyük bir felaket sonrası zorlu
koşullar altında, kendi dinamikleri üzerine nasıl tekrar inşa edildiğini ortaya çıkarmaktır.
Yöntem olarak dönemin yapım sistemleri ile ilgili zorluklar ve bu süreçte geliştirilen teknikler
Louis Sullivan’ın beş binası kullanılarak, literatür, çizimler ve alan çalışmalarında
çekilen fotoğraflar üzerinden analiz edilmiş ve bu yapıların Şikago Mimarlık Okulu’nun
ardındaki teoriyi nasıl yansıttıkları işlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Louis H. Sullivan, Çelik taşıyıcı sistem, Şikago Okulu, Ticari Tarz, Yapı teknolojisi.

THE INFLUENCE OF LOUIS H. SULLIVAN ON THE CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

Öz

Chicago has been an active city since it started to attract people for new opportunities in
the 1830s. After the city experienced the Great Fire in 1871, the primary concern was to rebuild
the city. The absence of fire-protective materials, fragile soil conditions, and the need
for multistory commercial buildings with structural stability were serious challenges. Many
prominent architects and engineers not only rose to them but also created the “Commercial
Style”. Thus, the time witnessed the emergence of the Chicago School. This paper addresses
the influence of Louis Henry Sullivan on the Chicago School of Architecture. Looking at
the remarkable ideas in materials and construction techniques employed at the time, it
is aimed to answer how a city is built on its dynamics on a different scale. It provides an
in-depth analysis of the period’s problems related to building construction via literature
review, drawings, and photographs. As the method of the study, tall building innovations
were investigated using Sullivan’s five buildings which express the idea of contemporary high-
rise buildings and technical solutions of the period. The study will contribute literature
answering how these buildings’ designs responded to the theory behind the Chicago School
of Architecture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Louis H. Sullivan, Steel framed system, Chicago School of Architecture, Commercial Style, Building technology.

Kaynakça

• Adler, D. Light in Tall Office Buildings, Engineering Magazine 4 (November 1892): 176. Recalling his design of mercantile structures with Adler in the early 1880s, Sullivan, in The Autobiography of an Idea (New York, 1924)
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