"Baltarlar" Porselen Atölyesi

Yeşim Zümrüt

doi:10.20488/austd.03875

"Baltars" Porcelain Workshop

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 7, 95 - 111, 01.12.2014

Yeşim Zümrüt

https://doi.org/10.20488/austd.03875

Öz

Latvia, where Independent republic was claimed in 1918, can still be characterized by the destructive influence of the First World War on social life and art. The artists and the people in Riga
invested a great deal of effort in enlivening and founding the art institutions which also existed before the war. A group of artists who worked to generate particularly new art movements and ideas
from 1920s and 1930s started to produce porcelains signed as Baltars, which is well established in
the cultural heritage of Latvia. These works on which the technique of over glaze decorum have
reflected the different dimension of the national identity in Latvia art.

This article investigates the factors that provide a basis for the foundation of Baltars Porcelain Workshops, which inspire porcelain factories such as M.S Kuznetsov Company and J.C.
Jensen, which functioned between 1925 and 1928. In addition porcelain and artists are also high-
lighted as those who promoted the art.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Latvia, Riga, Porcelain, Baltars Porcelains

Kaynakça

Letonya Ulusal Sanat Müzesi. (2012). Riga’ s Porcelain Art. 1925-1940. ISCN 978-9934-8236-5-7, Letonya
Martinsone, I. (2000). The Art Deco Style and Latvian Art. Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei Journal, Volume 1, Page: 129-139
Scott, P. (2001). Painted Clay-Graphic Arts and the Ceramic Surface. London: A&C Black Sevim, S. S (2003). Seramik Dekorları. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları
Suste, M. (2010). The Unknown Suta. an Insight Into The Work Of Romans Suta In Applied Art. Journal Makslas Vesture un Teorija, ISSN 1691-0869, Volume13, Page:52-62
http://en.art.sovfarfor.com/applied-art/porcelain/11-soviet-agitation-porcelain.html - (14 Ekim 2014) http://learnrussian.rt.com/speak-russian/russian-propaganda-art - (14 .10. 2014)
GÖRSEL LİSTESİ
Görsel 1: Riga Sanatçılar Grubu üyeleri, Soldan sağa: Romans Suta, Niklavs Strunke, Valdemars Tone, Jekabs Kazaks, Konrads Ubans, Oto Skulme, 1920 ((Riga’ s Porcelain Art, 2012: 19)
Görsel 2: Niklavs Strunke,’The Sun’s Steed- Güneşin Atı’, 39x17cm, 1929
(Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 193)
Görsel 3: Niklavs Strunke,’Şarkının Gücü’ ve ‘Harvest Festivali Şarkıcıları’, 25cm, 1933 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 188)
Görsel 4: ‘Baltarlar’ Porselen Atölyesi logosu (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 272)
Görsel 5: Austra Ozolina-Krauze ve Aleksandra Belcova 1920’lerin başları. (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 46)
Görsel 6: ‘Baltarlar’Atölyesinin Sergisi, Atputa Dergisi, No:115, sayfa 15, 1927 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 33)
Görsel 7: Romans Suta ve Aleksandra Belcova, Viyana, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 18)
Görsel 8: Romans Suta, 1927 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 20)
Görsel 9: Romans Suta, ‘Cup and Saucer-Fincan ve Tabağı’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35,5cm, 1925-1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 99)
Görsel 10: Romans Suta, ‘Vase Riga- Riga Vazosu’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 66,5x32cm, 1925-1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 92).
Görsel 11: Romans Suta, ‘Power of the Land’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 38cm, 1927 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 84 )
Görsel 12: Romans Suta, ‘Love-Sevgi’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 25,2cm, 1927 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 91)
Görsel 13: Romans Suta, ‘Demonstration-Gösteri’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35,5cm, 1925-1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 126)
Görsel 14: Romans Suta, ‘Refugees-Mülteciler’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 32,5cm, 1925 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 103)
Görsel 15: Romans Suta, ‘The Year 1905-Yıl 1905’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 25cm, 1927 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 121)
Görsel 16: Romans Suta, ‘Construction-Yapı’, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 37cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 127)
Görsel 17: Romans Suta, ‘Construction-Yapı’, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35,5cm, 1925-1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 129)
Görsel 18: Romans Suta, ‘Wedding-Düğün’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 26,5cm, 1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 81)
Görsel 19: Romans Suta, ‘Wedding-Düğün’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 24,5cm, 1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 88,89)
Görsel 20: Romans Suta, ‘Wedding-Düğün’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35,5cm, 1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 82,83)
Görsel 21: Aleksandra Belcova, ‘Africa-Afrika’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 24cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 60)
Görsel 22: Aleksandra Belcova, ‘Spanish Motif ’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 46cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 61)
Görsel 23: Aleksandra Belcova, ‘Italy-İtalya’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 25cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 74)
Görsel 24: Aleksandra Belcova, ‘Mother and Child-Anne ve Çocuk’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 52)
Görsel 25: Aleksandra Belcova, ‘Girl at the Well’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 72)
Görsel 26: Sigismunds Vidbergs, ‘Letonya 1918’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 25,5cm, 1925 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 134)
Görsel 27: Sigismunds Vidbergs, ‘Aviation-Havacılık’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 24,9cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 133)
Görsel 28: Sigismunds Vidbergs, ‘Dancer-Dansçı, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 33x12cm, 1929-1939 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 179)
Görsel 29: Erasts Sveics, ‘Tabak’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 25cm, 1933 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 211)
Görsel 30: Annija Eska, ‘Dance-Dans’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 28,5cm, 1930 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 217)
Görsel 31: Annija Eska, ‘Dance-Dans’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 28,5cm, 1939 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 216)

"Baltarlar" Porselen Atölyesi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 7, 95 - 111, 01.12.2014

Yeşim Zümrüt

https://doi.org/10.20488/austd.03875

Öz

1918 yılında cumhuriyetin ilan edildiği Letonya’ da, I. Dünya Savaşı’ nın sosyal yaşam ve sanat alanındaki yıkıcı etkisi hakimdir. Riga’ da savaş öncesinde var olan sanat kurumlarının yeniden hayata geçmesinde ve yenilerinin eklenmesinde sanatçılar ve halk büyük çaba göstermişlerdir. Özellikle yeni sanatsal akımlar ve düşünceler üretmek üzere çalışan bir grup sanatçı 1920-1930’ lu yıllarda Letonya’ nın kültürel mirasında köklü bir yer edinen ‘Baltars’ imzalı porselen eserler üretmişlerdir. Sır üstü dekor tekniğinin uygulandığı bu eserler Letonya sanatında ulusal kimliğin farklı boyutlarını yansıtarak günümüze aktarımını sağlamaktadır.

Bu makale kapsamında, 1925-1928 yılları arasında varlık gösteren, endüstriyel açıdan M.S Kuznetsov şirketi ve J.C. Jensen gibi porselen fabrikalarına da ilham ve güç veren ‘Baltarlar’ Porselen Atölyesi’nin kuruluşuna zemin hazırlayan faktörler araştırılmış. Atölyenin hayata geçmesinde rol alarak Letonya’ yı porselen sanatında, genel sanat tarihinde önemli bir noktaya taşıyan sanat- çılar ve porselen eserleri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Letonya, Riga, Porselen, Baltarlar Porselenleri

Kaynakça

Letonya Ulusal Sanat Müzesi. (2012). Riga’ s Porcelain Art. 1925-1940. ISCN 978-9934-8236-5-7, Letonya
Martinsone, I. (2000). The Art Deco Style and Latvian Art. Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei Journal, Volume 1, Page: 129-139
Scott, P. (2001). Painted Clay-Graphic Arts and the Ceramic Surface. London: A&C Black Sevim, S. S (2003). Seramik Dekorları. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları
Suste, M. (2010). The Unknown Suta. an Insight Into The Work Of Romans Suta In Applied Art. Journal Makslas Vesture un Teorija, ISSN 1691-0869, Volume13, Page:52-62
http://en.art.sovfarfor.com/applied-art/porcelain/11-soviet-agitation-porcelain.html - (14 Ekim 2014) http://learnrussian.rt.com/speak-russian/russian-propaganda-art - (14 .10. 2014)
GÖRSEL LİSTESİ
Görsel 1: Riga Sanatçılar Grubu üyeleri, Soldan sağa: Romans Suta, Niklavs Strunke, Valdemars Tone, Jekabs Kazaks, Konrads Ubans, Oto Skulme, 1920 ((Riga’ s Porcelain Art, 2012: 19)
Görsel 2: Niklavs Strunke,’The Sun’s Steed- Güneşin Atı’, 39x17cm, 1929
(Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 193)
Görsel 3: Niklavs Strunke,’Şarkının Gücü’ ve ‘Harvest Festivali Şarkıcıları’, 25cm, 1933 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 188)
Görsel 4: ‘Baltarlar’ Porselen Atölyesi logosu (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 272)
Görsel 5: Austra Ozolina-Krauze ve Aleksandra Belcova 1920’lerin başları. (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 46)
Görsel 6: ‘Baltarlar’Atölyesinin Sergisi, Atputa Dergisi, No:115, sayfa 15, 1927 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 33)
Görsel 7: Romans Suta ve Aleksandra Belcova, Viyana, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 18)
Görsel 8: Romans Suta, 1927 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 20)
Görsel 9: Romans Suta, ‘Cup and Saucer-Fincan ve Tabağı’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35,5cm, 1925-1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 99)
Görsel 10: Romans Suta, ‘Vase Riga- Riga Vazosu’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 66,5x32cm, 1925-1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 92).
Görsel 11: Romans Suta, ‘Power of the Land’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 38cm, 1927 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 84 )
Görsel 12: Romans Suta, ‘Love-Sevgi’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 25,2cm, 1927 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 91)
Görsel 13: Romans Suta, ‘Demonstration-Gösteri’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35,5cm, 1925-1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 126)
Görsel 14: Romans Suta, ‘Refugees-Mülteciler’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 32,5cm, 1925 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 103)
Görsel 15: Romans Suta, ‘The Year 1905-Yıl 1905’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 25cm, 1927 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 121)
Görsel 16: Romans Suta, ‘Construction-Yapı’, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 37cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 127)
Görsel 17: Romans Suta, ‘Construction-Yapı’, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35,5cm, 1925-1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 129)
Görsel 18: Romans Suta, ‘Wedding-Düğün’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 26,5cm, 1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 81)
Görsel 19: Romans Suta, ‘Wedding-Düğün’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 24,5cm, 1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 88,89)
Görsel 20: Romans Suta, ‘Wedding-Düğün’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35,5cm, 1928 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 82,83)
Görsel 21: Aleksandra Belcova, ‘Africa-Afrika’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 24cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 60)
Görsel 22: Aleksandra Belcova, ‘Spanish Motif ’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 46cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 61)
Görsel 23: Aleksandra Belcova, ‘Italy-İtalya’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 25cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 74)
Görsel 24: Aleksandra Belcova, ‘Mother and Child-Anne ve Çocuk’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 52)
Görsel 25: Aleksandra Belcova, ‘Girl at the Well’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 35cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 72)
Görsel 26: Sigismunds Vidbergs, ‘Letonya 1918’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 25,5cm, 1925 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 134)
Görsel 27: Sigismunds Vidbergs, ‘Aviation-Havacılık’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 24,9cm, 1926 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 133)
Görsel 28: Sigismunds Vidbergs, ‘Dancer-Dansçı, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 33x12cm, 1929-1939 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 179)
Görsel 29: Erasts Sveics, ‘Tabak’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 25cm, 1933 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 211)
Görsel 30: Annija Eska, ‘Dance-Dans’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 28,5cm, 1930 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 217)
Görsel 31: Annija Eska, ‘Dance-Dans’, Porselen, Sır üstü dekor tekniği, 28,5cm, 1939 (Riga’s Porcelain Art, 2012: 216)

Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Yeşim Zümrüt
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Aralık 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2014 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 7

Kaynak Göster

APA	Zümrüt, Y. (2014). "Baltarlar" Porselen Atölyesi. Sanat Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 7(7), 95-111. https://doi.org/10.20488/austd.03875

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