Hastane Çatı Bahçeleri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 150 - 167, 01.06.2017

Sima Pouya Öner Demirel

https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.563634

Öz

Kamu hastaneleri aşırı kalabalık olma özelliği gösterir, dolayısıyla hastaların psikolojilerini iyileştirebilecekleri, streslerinin azaltabilecekleri mekanlara gereksinim duyarlar.
Dünya genelinde hastanelerin giderek hasta merkezli bir bakım modelini benimsedikleri
görülür. Aynı zaman da tedavinin, inşa edilmiş çevreye dahil edilmesi için yeni yollar
aranmakta ve geliştirilmektedir. En hızlı büyüyen eğilimlerden biri, çorak çatı alanlarında sakin ortamların oluşturulması yani yeşil çatıların veya çatı bahçelerinin kurulmasıdır. Çatı ve iyileştirme bahçelerinin göz önünde bulundurulursa, bu iki bahçenin
hastane çatıları ile birleşmesi hm hastaların iyileşmesi ve sağlık problemlerine yardımcı
olması hem de çevre ve ekolojik açıdan katkısı büyüktür. Bu çalışmada dünya genelinde
yapılan hastane çatı bahçelerinin incelenmesi, bu tür bahçelerin tasarım kriterleri ve
özeliklerinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeşil çalı/Çatı bahçeleri, İyileştirme bahçesi, Hastane çatı bahçesi, İyileşme

Hospital Rooftop Garden

Öz

Public hospitals tend to be overcrowded, creating a higher need for patients to have
access to a place where they can de-stress and heal their psyches. As hospitals around the
world are increasingly adopting a patient-centred care model, they are also finding new
ways to incorporate care into the built environment. One of the fastest growing trends is
the installation of green roofs, or roof gardens, to create tranquil oases on otherwise barren rooftop spaces. In this research, with regard to benefits and advantages of roof gardens
and healing gardens, the integration of these two gardens in the rooftop of the hospitals
can contribute to the health problems of the patients as well as providing ecological profits
and ecosistem services. In this research, with the analysis and survey of some hospital
roof gardens, it has been attempted to discover the specific design qualities and features
of these gardens. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Green roof/Roof - garden, Healing garden, Hospital rooftop garden, Wellbeing, Healing

Kaynakça

• Beyhan, F., & Erbas, M. (2013). “A Study on Green Roofs with the Examples from the World and Turkey”, Gazi University Journal of Science, 26(2), 303-318.
• Cooper Marcus, C., & Barnes, M. (1999). “Healing gardens: Therapeutic benefits and design recommendations”. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
• Cancer Lifeline O’Brien Center (2013). Retrieved Feb. 23, 2013 from http://larch.be.washington.edu/features/design build/ obrien.php.
• Davis, B. (2002). “Healing the whole person: A post occupancy evaluation of the rooftop therapy park at Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center”, Knoxville, Tennessee. Unpublished master’s thesis). Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge.
• Fleming, L. (2013). “Healing Gardens for Cancer Populations”. A Quarterly Publicatıon Of The American Horticultural Therapy Association, 41(2).
• Gierlach-Spriggs, N. Kaufman, R. E., & Warner, S. B. Jr. (1998). “Restorative Garden: The Healing Landscape.” New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
• Hartig, T. & Evans, G. W. (1993). “Psychological foundations of nature experience.” In T. Gärling & R. G. Golledge (Eds.), Behavior and Environment: Psychological and Geographical Approaches (pp. 427-457). Amsterdam: Elservier/North Hol- land.
• Hartig, T., Mang, M., & Evans, G. W. (1991). “Restorative effects of natural environment experiences.” Environment and Behavior, 23, 3-36.
• Hartig, T., Böök, A., Garvill, J., Olsson, T., & Gärling. T., (1996). “Environmental influences on psychological restoration”. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 37, 378-393.
• Heerwagen, J. (1990). “The psychological aspects of windows and window design”. In K. H. Anthony, J. Choi, and B. Orland (Eds.), Proceedings of 21st annual conference of he Environmental Design Research Association. Oklahoma City: EDRA, 269-280.
• Ignatieva M, Stewart SG, Meurk C (2011). “Planning and design of ecological networks in urban areas”. Landsc Ecol Eng 7:17–25.
• Interanational Green Roof Association, (IGRA), 2016. Green Roofs News. Global Networking for Green Roofs, Issue 1. www.igra-world.com.
• Interanational Green Roof Association, (IGRA), 2012. Green Roofs News. Global Networking for Green Roofs, Issue 1. www.igra-world.com.
• Marx T., (2012). “The Yantalo Healing Garden: A More Meaningful Community Space”, Bachelor thesis, Landscape Archi- tecture, faculty of the Landscape Architecture , the University of California, Interanational Green Roof Association,
• Marcus, C. C., & Barnes, M. (1995). “Gardens in healthcare facilities: Uses, therapeutic benefits, and design recommenda- tions”. Concord, CA: Center for Health Design.
• Marcus, C. C., & Barnes, M. (1999). “Healing gardens: Therapeutic benefits and design recommendations.” John Wiley & Sons.
• Martin, K. (2013). “Hospital Healing Garden Design and Emotional and Behavioral Responses of Visitors and Employees “(Doctoral dissertation, Auburn University).
• Martens, R., Bass, B., & Alcazar, S. S. (2008). “Roof–envelope ratio impact on green roof energy performance”. Urban Ecosystems, 11(4), 399-408.
• Nektarios, P. A., Ntoulas, N., Paraskevopoulou, A. T., Zacharopoulou, A., & Chronopoulos, I. (2014). “Substrate and dra- inage system selection and slope stabilization in an intensive-type roof garden park: case study of Athens Concert Hall”. Landscape and ecological engineering, 10(1), 29-46.
• Osmundson T (1999) “Roof gardens: history, design, and construction”. W.W. Norton & Co. Ltd, New York.
• Pasha, S. (2011). “Usability of outdoor spaces in children’s hospitals (Doctoral dissertation”, Texas A&M University).
• Pouya S. Bayrmaoğlu E, Demirel O, 2016. “Restorative Garden As An Useful Way To Relieve Stress In Megacitıes, A Case Study In Istanbul”, İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, Cilt/Vol. 6 Sayı/No.13 .
• Relf, P. (2005). “The therapeutic values of plants. Pediatric Rehabilitation”, 8(3), 235-237. doi:10.1080/13638490400011140. Sadler, B. (2001). “Design to Compete in Managed Healthcare.” Facilities Design & Management (March).
• Taylor, A. F., Wiley, A., Kuo, F. E., & Sullivan, W. C. (1998). “Growing up in the inner city: Green spaces as places to grow.” Environment and Behavior. 30 (1), 3- 27. Turner, A.
• Ulrich, R. S. (1991). “Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments”. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 11, 210-230.
• Ulrich, R. S. (1999). “Effects of gardens on health outcomes: Theory and research.” In C.Cooper Marcus & M. Barnes (Eds.), Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations (pp. 27-86). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
• Ulrich, R. S. (1981). “Natural versus urban scenes: Some psycho-physiological effects.” Environment and Behavior, 13, 523-556.
• Ulrich, R. S. (1984). “View through a window may influence recovery from surgery.” Science, 224, 420-421.
• Ulrich, R. S. (1992). “Effects of interior design on wellness: Theory and recent scientific research”. Journal of Healthcare Design, 3, 97-109.
• Ulrich, R. S. (1991). “Effects of health facility interior design on wellness: Theory and recent scientific research.” Journal of Health Care Design, 3: 97-109. [Reprinted in: Marberry, S.O. (Ed.) 1995. Innovations in Healthcare Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 88-104.]
• Ulrich, R. S. (2002). “Communicating with the healthcare community about plant benefits.” In C. Shoemaker (Ed.) Procee- dings of the Sixth International People Plant Symposium. Chicago: Chicago Botanic Garden.
• Vapaa, A. G. (2002). “Healing Gardens: Creating places for restoration, meditation, and sanctuary” (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Tech).
• Whitehouse, S., Varni, J., Seid, M., Cooper Marcus, C., Ensberg, M. J., Jacobs, J. R., & Mehlenbeck, R. S. (2001). “Evaluating a children’s hospital garden environment: Utilization and consumer satisfaction”. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 301-314.
• Yang, Y. C. (2010). “A Healing Garden for Adults with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Shiaolin Village, Taiwan” (Doctoral dissertation, Washington State University).
• URL 1. http://www.healinglandscapes.org/blog/tag/healing-gardens/page/3/
• URL 2. http://www.healinglandscapes.org/blog/2010/07/therapy-in-the-desert-guest-post-by-brice-bradley-three-healing- gardens-in-the-phoenix-az-area/goodsam-3/.
• URL 3. http://dirtworks.us/joel-schnaper-memorial-garden/
• URL 4. http://horticulturaltherapynetwork.org/index.php/abouthorticulturaltherapy/