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Collaboration and Self-Exploitation in The Shared Discourse of Profession Among Industrial Design Students

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 2 - 19, 05.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.509452

Öz









The article explores 91 senior industrial design students’ expectations and dreams regarding
collaborat
ive work relations and environments in design offices. The shared discourse among
students reveals the ant
icipation of an unconventional work culture based on working collectively,
wh
ich is depicted as egalitarian, informal, relaxed and pleasurable as opposed to the formal,
h
ierarchical and therefore unfavourable environments and relations perceived to be prevalent
in traditional organisations. Drawing on the implications of this anticipation, the article shows
how the enthus
iasm for collaboration can lead to a blurring of the boundaries between work
and soc
ial life, by inviting pleasurable work, yet normalising poor work/life balance of designers
s
imultaneously. 





Kaynakça

  • Acker, J. (2006). “Inequality regimes: Gender, class, and race in organizations.” Gender & Society, 20, 441 – 464.
  • Allen , K., Quinn, J., Hollingworth, S., & Rose, A. (2013). “Becoming employable students and ‘ideal’ creative workers: exclusion and inequality in higher education work placements.” British Journal of Sociology of Education, 34, 431-452.
  • Banks, M., & Hesmondhalgh, D. (2009). “Looking for work in creative industries policy.” International Journal of Cultural Policy, 15, 415-430.
  • Banks, M., & Milestone, K. (2011). “Individualization, gender and cultural work.” Gender, Work and Organization, 18, 73-89.
  • Barrett, F. J. (2002). “Gender strategies of women professionals: The case of the US navy.” In M. Dent & S. Whitehead (Eds.), Managing professional identities: Knowledge, performativity and the “new” professional (pp. 157-173). London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bird, S. R. (2003). “Sex composition, masculinity stereotype dissimilarity and the quality of men’s workplace social relations.” Gender, Work and Organization, 10, 579-604.
  • Björklund, T. A. (2010). “Enhancing creative knowledge-work: challenges and points of leverage.” International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 3, 517-525.
  • Buchanan, D. (2000). “An eager and enduring embrace: The ongoing recovery of a management idea.” In S. Procter & F. Mueller (Eds.), Teamworking (pp. 25-42). London, UK: Macmillan.
  • Busseri, M. A., & Palmer, J. M. (2000). “Improving teamwork: the effect of self-assessment on construction design teams.” Design Studies, 21, 223–238.
  • Chung, W., & Wang, C. (2004). “Knowledge-based design and decisions: accommodating multidisciplined product development teams.” The Design Journal: An International Journal for All Aspects of Design, 7, 16-26.
  • Collinson, D. L., & Hearn, J. (1994). “Naming men as men: implications for work, organization and management.” Gender, Work and Organization, 1, 2-22.
  • Cross, N. (1995). “Observations of teamwork and social processes in design.” Design Studies, 16, 143-170.
  • Dellinger, K. (2002). “Wearing gender and sexuality ‘on your sleeve’: dress norms and the importance of occupational and organizational culture at work.” Gender Issues, 20, 3-25.
  • Devine, D. J., Clayton, L. D., Philips, J. L., Dunford, B. B., & Melner, S. B. (1999). “Teams in organizations: prevalence, characteristics, and effectiveness.” Small Group Research, 30, 678-711.
  • Diefenbach, T., & Sillince, J. A. A. (2011). “Formal and informal hierarchy in different types of organization.” Organization Studies, 32, 1515-1537.
  • Dong, Y., & Mougenot, C. (2013). “Workspace, playspace: What space for creative design activity?” Paper presented at the International Conference of the International Conference of the International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR 2013), August, 1-7.
  • Dryburgh, H. (1999). “Work hard, play hard: women and professionalization in engineering – adapting to the culture.” Gender and Society, 13, 664-682.
  • Dykes, T. H., Rodgers, P. A., & Smyth, M. (2009). “Towards a new disciplinary framework for contemporary creative design practice.” CoDesign, 5, 99-116.
  • Edley, N. (2001). “Analysing masculinity: interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions.” In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor & S. Yates (Eds.), Discourse as data: A guide for analysis (pp. 189–228). London: Sage.
  • Edwards, P., & Wajcman, J. (2005). The politics of working life. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Feast, L. (2012). “Professional perspectives on collaborative design work.” CoDesign, 8, 215-230.
  • Gill, R. (2002). “Cool, creative and egalitarian? Exploring gender in project-based new media work in Euro.” Information, Communication & Society, 5, 70-89.
  • Gill, R., & Pratt, A. (2008). “Precarity and cultural work in the social factory? Immaterial labour, precariousness and cultural work.” Theory, Culture & Society, 25, 1-30.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (1995). “The designer as a team of one.” Design Studies, 16, 189-209.
  • Goncalo, J, A., Neale, M. A., & Mannix, E. A. (2009). Research on managing groups and teams. Bingley: Emerald Book Serials and Monographs.
  • Hamilton, J. L. (2011). “‘Caring/Sharing’: Gender and Horizontal Co-ordination in the Workplace.” Gender, Work and Organization, 18, 23-48.
  • Hargadon, A. B., & Bechky, B. A. (2006). “When collections of creatives become creative collectives: a field study of problem solving at work.” Organization Science, 17, 484-500.
  • Hesmondhalgh, D., & Baker, S. (2010). “‘A very complicated version of freedom’: conditions and experiences of creative labour in three cultural industries.” Poetics, 38, 4-20.
  • Julier, G. (2010). “Playing the system: Design consultancies, professionalization and value.” In B. Townley & N. Beech (Eds.), Managing creativity: Exploring the paradox (pp. 237-259). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Julier, G. (2017). Economies of design. London: Sage.
  • Kaygan, P. 2014. “‘Arty’ versus ‘real’ work: Gendered relations between industrial designers and engineers in interdisciplinary work settings.” The Design Journal, 17, 73-90.
  • Kaygan, P., & Demir, Ö. (2017). “The cost of ‘free’ in freelance industrial design work: The case of Turkey.” The Design Journal, 20, 493-510.
  • Kilker, J. (1999). “Conflict on collaborative design teams: understanding the role of social identities.” Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE, 18, 12-21.
  • Kleinsmann, M., Valkenburg, R., & Buijs, J. (2007). “Why do(n’t) actors in collaborative design understand each other? An empirical study towards a better understanding of collaborative design.” CoDesign, 3, 59-73.
  • Martin, P. Y. (2006). “Practicing gender at work: Further thoughts on reflexivity.” Gender, Work and Organization, 13, 254-276.
  • McGuigan, J. (2010). “Creative labour, cultural work and individualisation.” International Journal of Cultural Policy, 16, 323-335.
  • McRobbie, A. (2002). “Clubs to companies: Notes on the decline of political culture in speeded up creative worlds.” Cultural Studies, 16, 516–531.
  • McRobbie, A. (2004). “Creative London – creative Berlin: Notes on making a living in the new cultural economy.” http://www.ateliereuropa.com/doc/creativelondberlin.pdf (accessed 13 May 2016)
  • Metcalfe, B., & Linstead, A. (2003). “Gendering teamwork: re-writing the feminine.” Gender, Work and Organization, 10, 94–119.
  • Miller, G. E. (2004). “Frontier masculinity in the oil industry: The experience of women engineers.” Gender, Work and Organization, 11, 47-73.
  • Molotch, H. L. (2005). Where stuff comes from: How toasters, toilets, cars, computers, and many other things come to be as they are. New York: CRC Press.
  • Nixon, S., & Crewe, B. (2004). “Pleasure at work? Gender, consumption and work‐based identities in the creative industries.” Consumption Markets & Culture, 7, 129-147.
  • Parjanen, S. (2012). “Experiencing creativity in the organization: from individual creativity to collective creativity.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 7, 109-128.
  • Paulus, P. B., & Nijstad, B. A. (2003). Group creativity: Innovation through collaboration. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Potter, J. (1996). “Discourse analysis and constructionist approaches: theoretical background.” In J. T. E. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of qualitative research methods for psychology and the social sciences (pp. 125–140). Leicester: British Psychological Society.
  • Rose, G. (2007). Visual methodologies: An introduction to the interpretation of visual materials. 2nd ed. London, UK: Sage.
  • Ross, A. (2003). No-collar: The humane workplace and its hidden costs. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Thompson, P., & McHugh, D. (2002). Work organisations. 3rd Ed., Basingstoke: Palgrave.
  • Tonkiss, F. (2004). “Analysing discourse.” In C. Seale (Ed.), Researching Society and Culture (pp. 245-260). London, UK: Sage.
  • Warren, S. (2008). “Empirical challenges in organizational aesthetics research: Towards a sensual methodology.” Organization Studies, 29, 559-580.
  • West, J., Davey, G., Norris, B., Myerson, J., Anderson, O., & Brodie, A. (2014). “Designing out medical error: An interdisciplinary approach to the design of healthcare equipment.” The Design Journal: An International Journal for All Aspects of Design, 17, 238-266.
  • Yim, H., Lee, K., Brezing, A., & Löwer, M. (2014). “A design-engineering interdisciplinary and German-Korean intercultural design project course.” In M. Laakso & K. Ekman (Eds.), Procee- dings in NordDesign 2014 conference (pp. 27-36). Aalto University, Finland, August 27-29.

Endüstriyel Tasarım Öğrencileri Arasında Paylaşılan Meslek Söyleminde Birlikte Çalışma ve Özsömürü

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 2 - 19, 05.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.509452

Öz





Bu makale, 91 üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf endüstriyel tasarım örencisinin tasarım ofislerindeki işbirlikçi çalıma ilişkilerine ve ortamına dair beklentileri ve hayallerini incelemektedir. Örenciler arasında paylaılan söylemde, geleneksel kurumlarda yaygın olduu düünülen resmi, hiyerarşik ve sonuç olarak olumsuz olarak nitelendirilen ortam ve
ilişkilere kıyasla; birlikte çalımaya dayalı eşitlikçi, gayrı resmi, rahat ve keyif veren diye betimlenen geleneksel olmayan bir çalıma kültürü beklentisi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu beklentiyi derinlemesine analiz ederek bu makale, işbirliğine yönelik hevesin nasıl iş ve sosyal yaam
arasındak
i sınırların belirsizlemesine yol açabileceğini, keyif veren çalıma koulları sunarken, aynı anda iş ve özel yaam dengesinin zayıflamasını normalletirdiğini göstermektedir. 





Kaynakça

  • Acker, J. (2006). “Inequality regimes: Gender, class, and race in organizations.” Gender & Society, 20, 441 – 464.
  • Allen , K., Quinn, J., Hollingworth, S., & Rose, A. (2013). “Becoming employable students and ‘ideal’ creative workers: exclusion and inequality in higher education work placements.” British Journal of Sociology of Education, 34, 431-452.
  • Banks, M., & Hesmondhalgh, D. (2009). “Looking for work in creative industries policy.” International Journal of Cultural Policy, 15, 415-430.
  • Banks, M., & Milestone, K. (2011). “Individualization, gender and cultural work.” Gender, Work and Organization, 18, 73-89.
  • Barrett, F. J. (2002). “Gender strategies of women professionals: The case of the US navy.” In M. Dent & S. Whitehead (Eds.), Managing professional identities: Knowledge, performativity and the “new” professional (pp. 157-173). London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bird, S. R. (2003). “Sex composition, masculinity stereotype dissimilarity and the quality of men’s workplace social relations.” Gender, Work and Organization, 10, 579-604.
  • Björklund, T. A. (2010). “Enhancing creative knowledge-work: challenges and points of leverage.” International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 3, 517-525.
  • Buchanan, D. (2000). “An eager and enduring embrace: The ongoing recovery of a management idea.” In S. Procter & F. Mueller (Eds.), Teamworking (pp. 25-42). London, UK: Macmillan.
  • Busseri, M. A., & Palmer, J. M. (2000). “Improving teamwork: the effect of self-assessment on construction design teams.” Design Studies, 21, 223–238.
  • Chung, W., & Wang, C. (2004). “Knowledge-based design and decisions: accommodating multidisciplined product development teams.” The Design Journal: An International Journal for All Aspects of Design, 7, 16-26.
  • Collinson, D. L., & Hearn, J. (1994). “Naming men as men: implications for work, organization and management.” Gender, Work and Organization, 1, 2-22.
  • Cross, N. (1995). “Observations of teamwork and social processes in design.” Design Studies, 16, 143-170.
  • Dellinger, K. (2002). “Wearing gender and sexuality ‘on your sleeve’: dress norms and the importance of occupational and organizational culture at work.” Gender Issues, 20, 3-25.
  • Devine, D. J., Clayton, L. D., Philips, J. L., Dunford, B. B., & Melner, S. B. (1999). “Teams in organizations: prevalence, characteristics, and effectiveness.” Small Group Research, 30, 678-711.
  • Diefenbach, T., & Sillince, J. A. A. (2011). “Formal and informal hierarchy in different types of organization.” Organization Studies, 32, 1515-1537.
  • Dong, Y., & Mougenot, C. (2013). “Workspace, playspace: What space for creative design activity?” Paper presented at the International Conference of the International Conference of the International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR 2013), August, 1-7.
  • Dryburgh, H. (1999). “Work hard, play hard: women and professionalization in engineering – adapting to the culture.” Gender and Society, 13, 664-682.
  • Dykes, T. H., Rodgers, P. A., & Smyth, M. (2009). “Towards a new disciplinary framework for contemporary creative design practice.” CoDesign, 5, 99-116.
  • Edley, N. (2001). “Analysing masculinity: interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions.” In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor & S. Yates (Eds.), Discourse as data: A guide for analysis (pp. 189–228). London: Sage.
  • Edwards, P., & Wajcman, J. (2005). The politics of working life. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Feast, L. (2012). “Professional perspectives on collaborative design work.” CoDesign, 8, 215-230.
  • Gill, R. (2002). “Cool, creative and egalitarian? Exploring gender in project-based new media work in Euro.” Information, Communication & Society, 5, 70-89.
  • Gill, R., & Pratt, A. (2008). “Precarity and cultural work in the social factory? Immaterial labour, precariousness and cultural work.” Theory, Culture & Society, 25, 1-30.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (1995). “The designer as a team of one.” Design Studies, 16, 189-209.
  • Goncalo, J, A., Neale, M. A., & Mannix, E. A. (2009). Research on managing groups and teams. Bingley: Emerald Book Serials and Monographs.
  • Hamilton, J. L. (2011). “‘Caring/Sharing’: Gender and Horizontal Co-ordination in the Workplace.” Gender, Work and Organization, 18, 23-48.
  • Hargadon, A. B., & Bechky, B. A. (2006). “When collections of creatives become creative collectives: a field study of problem solving at work.” Organization Science, 17, 484-500.
  • Hesmondhalgh, D., & Baker, S. (2010). “‘A very complicated version of freedom’: conditions and experiences of creative labour in three cultural industries.” Poetics, 38, 4-20.
  • Julier, G. (2010). “Playing the system: Design consultancies, professionalization and value.” In B. Townley & N. Beech (Eds.), Managing creativity: Exploring the paradox (pp. 237-259). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Julier, G. (2017). Economies of design. London: Sage.
  • Kaygan, P. 2014. “‘Arty’ versus ‘real’ work: Gendered relations between industrial designers and engineers in interdisciplinary work settings.” The Design Journal, 17, 73-90.
  • Kaygan, P., & Demir, Ö. (2017). “The cost of ‘free’ in freelance industrial design work: The case of Turkey.” The Design Journal, 20, 493-510.
  • Kilker, J. (1999). “Conflict on collaborative design teams: understanding the role of social identities.” Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE, 18, 12-21.
  • Kleinsmann, M., Valkenburg, R., & Buijs, J. (2007). “Why do(n’t) actors in collaborative design understand each other? An empirical study towards a better understanding of collaborative design.” CoDesign, 3, 59-73.
  • Martin, P. Y. (2006). “Practicing gender at work: Further thoughts on reflexivity.” Gender, Work and Organization, 13, 254-276.
  • McGuigan, J. (2010). “Creative labour, cultural work and individualisation.” International Journal of Cultural Policy, 16, 323-335.
  • McRobbie, A. (2002). “Clubs to companies: Notes on the decline of political culture in speeded up creative worlds.” Cultural Studies, 16, 516–531.
  • McRobbie, A. (2004). “Creative London – creative Berlin: Notes on making a living in the new cultural economy.” http://www.ateliereuropa.com/doc/creativelondberlin.pdf (accessed 13 May 2016)
  • Metcalfe, B., & Linstead, A. (2003). “Gendering teamwork: re-writing the feminine.” Gender, Work and Organization, 10, 94–119.
  • Miller, G. E. (2004). “Frontier masculinity in the oil industry: The experience of women engineers.” Gender, Work and Organization, 11, 47-73.
  • Molotch, H. L. (2005). Where stuff comes from: How toasters, toilets, cars, computers, and many other things come to be as they are. New York: CRC Press.
  • Nixon, S., & Crewe, B. (2004). “Pleasure at work? Gender, consumption and work‐based identities in the creative industries.” Consumption Markets & Culture, 7, 129-147.
  • Parjanen, S. (2012). “Experiencing creativity in the organization: from individual creativity to collective creativity.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 7, 109-128.
  • Paulus, P. B., & Nijstad, B. A. (2003). Group creativity: Innovation through collaboration. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Potter, J. (1996). “Discourse analysis and constructionist approaches: theoretical background.” In J. T. E. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of qualitative research methods for psychology and the social sciences (pp. 125–140). Leicester: British Psychological Society.
  • Rose, G. (2007). Visual methodologies: An introduction to the interpretation of visual materials. 2nd ed. London, UK: Sage.
  • Ross, A. (2003). No-collar: The humane workplace and its hidden costs. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Thompson, P., & McHugh, D. (2002). Work organisations. 3rd Ed., Basingstoke: Palgrave.
  • Tonkiss, F. (2004). “Analysing discourse.” In C. Seale (Ed.), Researching Society and Culture (pp. 245-260). London, UK: Sage.
  • Warren, S. (2008). “Empirical challenges in organizational aesthetics research: Towards a sensual methodology.” Organization Studies, 29, 559-580.
  • West, J., Davey, G., Norris, B., Myerson, J., Anderson, O., & Brodie, A. (2014). “Designing out medical error: An interdisciplinary approach to the design of healthcare equipment.” The Design Journal: An International Journal for All Aspects of Design, 17, 238-266.
  • Yim, H., Lee, K., Brezing, A., & Löwer, M. (2014). “A design-engineering interdisciplinary and German-Korean intercultural design project course.” In M. Laakso & K. Ekman (Eds.), Procee- dings in NordDesign 2014 conference (pp. 27-36). Aalto University, Finland, August 27-29.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Pınar Kaygan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaygan, P. (2018). Collaboration and Self-Exploitation in The Shared Discourse of Profession Among Industrial Design Students. Sanat Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 8(1), 2-19. https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.509452