CYBERNETIC SCIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF INFORMATION, ETHICAL PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY

Abstract

After the 1940s, during developments in the studies of processing information with technology; automatons that can produce and make decisions without the need for constant human intervention have been included in many areas of life. Studies led by cybernetics and information sciences have also become influential in social sciences over time. The idea of automation, which aims to manage complex systems that affect many disciplines from production models related to the economy to thought systems and social theories, has shaped the information age on the information-machine axis and has also formed the basis of today's artificial intelligence systems. Cybernetic scientist Norbert Weiner predicts that the traditional social structure will change with automation and that this structure will communicate and interact more than other social models and that its needs will be different from traditional social structures. He calls the new social structure the second-degree cybernetic social structure. According to Weiner, the need of this cybernetic society is a system designed with ethical principles. This ethical system, which is vital for humans, must consist of certain principles. In a cybernetic society, automation threatens human life and value areas more than ever. The study addresses Wiener's complex cybernetic society understanding and the ethical needs of the information society it has created. In addition, the ethical problems and solutions sought by the intelligent tools of today's information society, artificial intelligence, softbots, and robots are discussed. In general, the study aims to provide a general framework for the second-degree cybernetic society structure that emerged with the information revolution and the information society and ethical discussions that this structure has created.

Keywords

• Information Ethics
• Information Society
• Artificial Intelligence
• The Philosophy of Information
• Cybernetics
• Ethics
• Information Technologies

BİLİŞİM FELSEFESİ BAĞLAMINDA SIBERNETİK BİLİM, BİLİŞİM TOPLUMUNDA ETİK SORUN VE ÇÖZÜM ARAYIŞLARI

Öz

1940’lı yıllardan sonra bilginin teknolojiyle işlenmesi çalışmalarında yaşanan gelişmelerde; daimî insan müdahalesine gerek kalmaksızın üreten ve karar alabilen otomatlar yaşamın birçok alanına dahil oldular. Sibernetik ve bilişim bilimlerinin başı çektiği çalışmalar zamanla sosyal bilimlerde de etkili oldu. Ekonomiyle ilgili üretim modellerinden düşünce sistemlerine, sosyal teorilere kadar birçok disiplini etkileyen karmaşık sistemleri yönetme ereğindeki otomasyon düşüncesi, bilişim çağını bilgi-makine ekseninde şekillendirdiği gibi günümüz yapay zekâ sistemlerinin de temelini oluşturmuştur. Sibernetik bilimci Norbert Weiner, otomasyonla geleneksel toplum yapısının değişeceğini ve bu yapının diğer toplum modellerinden daha çok iletişim ve etkileşim içinde olacağını ve ihtiyaçlarının geleneksel toplum yapılarından farklı olacağını öngörür. Yeni toplum yapısına ikinci dereceden sibernetik toplum yapısı adını verir. Weiner’e göre bu sibernetik toplumun ihtiyacı, etik ilkelerle tasarlanmış bir sistemdir. İnsan için hayati olan bu etik sistem birtakım ilkelerden oluşmak zorundadır. Sibernetik toplumda otomasyon insan yaşamı ve değer alanlarını hiç olmadığı kadar tehdit etmektedir. Çalışmada Wiener’ın karmaşık sibernetik toplum anlayışına ve meydana getirdiği bilişim toplumunun etik ihtiyaçlarına değinilmektedir. Ayrıca, günümüz bilişim toplumunun akıllı araçları yapay zekâ, softbot, robot gibi teknolojilerin ürettiği etik sorunlar ve çözüm arayışları ele alınmaktadır. Genel olarak çalışma bilişim devrimiyle oluşan ikinci dereceden sibernetik toplum yapısını ve bu yapının oluşturduğu bilişim toplumu ve etik tartışmalar hakkında genel çerçeve sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilişim etiği
• Bilişim Toplumu
• Yapay Zeka
• Bilişim Felsefesi
• Sibernetik
• Etik
• Bilişim teknolojileri

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