Kalibre edilmiş ve doğrulanmış 1D ve 1D/2D model kullanılarak Cedar Nehri taşkın yayılım alanlarının tespiti

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 337 - 347, 01.08.2016

Osman Sönmez , Emrah Doğan

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.54874

Öz

2008 yılında Iowa eyaletinin büyük bir bölümünde meydana gelen taşkın birçok konut ve işyerinin hasar görmesine ve birçok can kaybına yol açmıştır. Meydana gelen toplam hasar $10 milyar olarak tahmin edilmektedir. Taşkından etkilen şehirlerden biriside Cedar Nehri’nın tam ortasından aktığı Waverly dir. Waverly için, yüksek çözünürlüklü 1 boyutlu ve 2 boyutlu modelin birlikte çalıştırılması ile elde edilmiş hidrodinamik model geliştirilmiştir. Modelin geliştirilmesi amacıyla kanal geometrisi, batimetrik arazi çalışması ile topoğrafi datası Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) yüzey topoğrafisi temini çalışmaları ile oluşturulmuştur. Pürüzlülük katsayıları ise “National Land Cover Dataset”  arazi kullanım haritaları ve hava fotoğraflarından yararlanılarak tahmin edilmiştir.  Hidrodinamik taşkın modeli, 2008 yılı taşkını ile kalibre edilmiştir. Nehir yatağının kalibrasyon ve doğrulaması  taşkın sonrasında ölçülen maksimum su seviyeleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Taşkın yatağındaki yayılımın  kalibrasyonu ve doğrulaması ise taşkın esnasında uçaktan çekilmiş olan fotoğrafların mukayesesi  ile  gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan doğrulamalar sonucu en iyi model seçilmiş, bu model kullanılarak gelmesi muhtemel taşkınların yayılım alanları hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen taşkın yayılım haritaları ile Waverly şehir plancılarının ve sakinlerinin potansiyel taşkın riskini bilerek buna göre kararlar almaları konusunda yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hidrodinamik, kalibre, taşkın, Cedar Nehri

Determination of flood inundation area in Cedar River using calibrated and validated 1D and 1D/2D model

Öz

In 2008 flooding occurred over a majority of Iowa, damaging homes, displacing residents, and taking lives. Estimated damages to the state totaled $10 billion. One of the city affected by the flood was Waverly City, USA which is the Cedar River flow in side of it.   One-dimensional/two-dimensional (1D/2D)-Mike Flood hydrodynamic model and 1D-HecRAS hydraulic model were developed for flood analyses in Waverly City. For developing both models, channel geometry was obtained from bathymetric surveys and combined with surface topography obtained from Light Detection and Ranging surveys. Roughness parameters were estimated using land use data from the National Land Cover Dataset and aerial photos. Calibration of roughness on floodplain and channels represents an important issue to determine flood inundation area. Both models were calibrated and validated with 2008 flood. The riverbed was validated with high water levels measured after flood. The floodplain was validated with photos, which was taken during flood from airplane. After calibration and validation, results were compared to choose the best one. Return period flood discharge were calculated and run with best inundation model for determine flood inundation maps. These maps can be used by residents and planners in Waverly City to help make informed decisions about potential risk from floods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hydrodynamic, calibrated, flood, Cedar River

Kaynakça

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