Postpartum Dönemde Uygulanan Farkındalık ve Merhamet Temelli Ebeveynlik Müdahaleleri: Derleme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 496 - 509, 30.12.2023

Burcu Küçükkaya , Hafsa Kübra Işık

https://doi.org/10.54803/sauhsd.1304939

Öz

Amaç: Postpartum dönem, ebeveynler ile bebekleri arasında gelişen etkileşimlerin kalitesini etkileyebilecek müdahaleleri kapsarken, bebek gelişimini yavaşlatabilecek, ebeveyn ruh sağlığıyla birlikte ebeveyn bebek bağlanmasını olumsuz etkileyebilecek çeşitli psikolojik ve duygusal güçlükleri de içermektedir. Farkındalık ve şefkat temelli ebeveynlik müdahaleler, birbiriyle uyum içinde etkileşime destek olan ebeveynlik becerileri geliştirmelerine ve bu hassas dönemde bebeğin doğumuyla başlayan ebeveynlik rolüne daha iyi uyum sağlamalarına yardımcı olmakta ve ebeveynlerin sosyal, fiziksel ve ruhsal durumları üzerinde pozitif etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu müdahaleler kapsamında postpartum dönemde dahil olmak üzere erken ebeveynlik sürecinde anne-baba-bebek ilişkilerini ebeveynlik becerilerini ve kalitesini olumlu yönde geliştirmek için faydalı görünen farklı terapötik teknikleri kullanılmaktadır.
Yöntem: Derleme türündeki bu makalede Türkçe ve İngilizce “postpartum”, “farkındalık temelli ebeveynlik” ve “merhamet temelli ebeveynlik” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct ve Ulakbim veri tabanları taranmıştır. Mart 2013 - Mart 2023 tarihleri arasında ulusal ve uluslararası dergilerde yayınlanmış çalışmalar değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Literatür incelemesi sonucunda, farkındalık ve merhamet temelli ebeveynlik müdahaleleri; ebeveynlerin, ebeveynlik sürecinde düşüncelerini ve duygularını daha iyi aktarmalarına, aktarımların düzenlemelerine, yeni edindikleri ebeveynlik rol ve sorumluluklarını yerine getirmelerine imkân veren, bu rol sorumlulukları geliştirilebilen ve bebekle güvenli bağlanma kurulmasına katkı sağlayan koruyucu beceriler olarak tanımlanmaktadır.
Sonuç: Farkındalık ve şefkat temelli ebeveynlik müdahaleleri, sağlıklı ve güvenli ebeveynlik becerilerini pozitif yönde etkilemekte postpartum dönemde ebeveyn-bebek bağlanmasının yanı sıra ebeveyn bebek ilişkilerinin kalitesini artırabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Postpartum dönem, farkındalık temelli ebeveynlik, merhamet temelli ebeveynlik, ebeveynlik müdahalesi

Mindfulness and Compassion-Based Parenting Interventions in the Postpartum Period: Review

Öz

Objective: While the postpartum period includes interventions that may affect the quality of interactions between parents and their babies, it also includes various psychological and emotional difficulties that may slow down baby development and negatively affect parental mental health and attachment to the baby. Mindfulness and compassion-based parenting and interventions help them develop parenting skills that support harmonious interaction with each other and better adapt to the parenting role that begins with the birth of the baby in this sensitive period, and have positive effects on the social, physical and mental states of the parents. Within the scope of these interventions, different therapeutic techniques are used that seem useful to positively improve parenting skills and quality of parent-infant relationships during the early parenting process, including the postpartum period.
Methods: In this review article, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct and Ulakbim databases were searched using “postpartum”, “mindful parenting”, and “compassionate parenting” as keywords in Turkish and English. Studies published in national and international journals between March 2013 and March 2023 were evaluated.
Results: As a result of the literature review, compassion-based and mindfulness parenting interventions; It is defined as protective skills that allow parents to better convey their thoughts and feelings during the parenting process, to regulate transfers, to fulfill their newly acquired parenting roles and responsibilities, which can be improved and contribute to the establishment of a secure attachment with the baby.
Conclusion: Mindfulness and compassion-based parenting interventions positively affect healthy and safe parenting skills and can improve parent-infant attachment and the quality of their relationships with each other in the postpartum period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Postpartum period, mindful parenting, compassion-based parenting, parenting intervention

Kaynakça

• Izzulhaq B, Simanjuntak MB. The Importance of Communication In The Family" Ali and The Queens of Queens". LITERACY: International Scientific Journals of Social, Education, Humanities, 2022, 1(2), 45-56. doi: 10.56910/literacy.v1i2.214
• Huopalainen A, Satama S. 'Writing'aesth‐ethics on the child's body: Developing maternal subjectivities through clothing our children. Gender, work & organization, 2020, 27(1), 98-116. doi: 10.1111/gwao.12404
• Erdei C, Liu CH, Machie M, Church PT, Heyne R. Parent mental health and neurodevelopmental outcomes of children hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Early Human Development, 2021, 154, 105278. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105278
• Federica G, Renata T, Marzilli E. Parental Postnatal Depression in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Its Effects on the Parent-Child Relationship and the Child's Developmental Outcomes. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023, 20(3), 2018. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032018
• Spinell M, Lionetti F, Pastor M, Fasolo M. Parents' stress and children's psychological problems in families facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Frontiers in psychology, 2020, 11, 1713. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713
• Cooke JE, Deneault AA, Devereux C, Eirich R, Fearon RP, Madigan S. Parental sensitivity and child behavioral problems: A meta‐analytic review. Child Development, 2022, 93(5), 1231-1248. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13764
• Phelan S, Clifton RG, Haire-Joshu D, Redma LM, Van Horn L, Evans M, LIFE-Moms Research Group. One-year postpartum anthropometric outcomes in mothers and children in the LIFE-Moms lifestyle intervention clinical trials. International journal of obesity, 2020, 44(1), 57-68. doi: 10.1038/s41366-019-0410-4
• Fernandes DV, Martins AR, Canavarro MC, Moreira H. Mindfulness-and compassion-based parenting interventions applied to the postpartum period: A systematic review. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2022, 1-25. doi: 10.1007/s10826-021-02175-z
• King LS, Rangel E, Simpson N, Tikotzky L, Manber R. Mothers' postpartum sleep disturbance is associated with the ability to sustain sensitivity toward infants. Sleep Medicine, 2020, 65, 74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.017
• Smith J, Chetcuti L, Kennedy L, Varcin KJ, Slonims V, Bent CA, . AICES Team. Caregiver sensitivity predicts infant language use, and infant language complexity predicts caregiver language complexity, in the context of possible emerging autism. Autism Research. 2022, doi: 10.1002/aur.2879
• Georg A K, Cierpka M, Schröder-Pfeifer P, Kress S, Taubner S. The efficacy of brief parent− infant psychotherapy for treating early regulatory disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2021, 60(6), 723-733. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.06.016
• Georg A, Kress S, Taubner S. Strengthening mentalizing in a depressed mother of an infant with sleep disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2019, 75(5), 859-873. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22762
• Bakermans-Kranenburg M, Lotz A, Alyousefi-van K, van IJzendoorn M. Birth of a father: Fathering in the first 1,000 days. Child Development Perspectives, 2019, 13(4). doi: 10.1111/cdep.12347
• Sajadian SZ, Javadifar N, Aslani K, Saki A. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention in the improvement of maternal role adaptation among first time mothers: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 2022, 49, 101665. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101665
• Chung FF, Wan GH, Kuo SC, Lin KC, Liu HE. Mother-infant interaction quality and sense of parenting competence at six months postpartum for first-time mothers in Taiwan: A multiple time series design. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2018, 18 (1), 365 doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1979-7
• Guo L, Zhang J, Mu L, Ye Z. Preventing postpartum depression with mindful self-compassion intervention: a randomized control study. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 2020, 208(2), 101-107. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001096
• Kotera Y, Kaluzeviciut G, Bennett-Viliardos L. Qualitative investigation into pre-and post-natal experience of parents of triplets. Journal of child and family studies, 2021, 1-13. doi: 10.1007/s10826-021-02200-1
• Abdolalipour S, Charandabi SMA, Mashayekh-Amiri S, Mirghafourvand M. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on self-efficacy and fear of childbirth in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.020
• Mao F, Sun Y, Li Y, Cui N, Cao F. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based interventions for mental health outcomes among perinatal women: A systematic review. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2023, 103321. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103321
• Moreira H. Self-Compassion in Parenting. In Handbook of Self-Compassion (pp. 263-289). Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2023, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-22348-8_16
• Moreira H, Potharst E, Canavarro MC. Editorial: Application of the third generation of cognitive-behavioral approaches to parenting. Frontiers in Psychology, 2019, 10, 2207. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02207
• Kabat-Zinn J. Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness. New York: Bantam Books, Random House, 2013 (Revised Edition)
• Zarenejad M, Yazdkhasti M, Rahimzadeh M, Mehdizadeh Tourzani Z, Esmaelzadeh‐Saeieh S. The effect of mindfulness‐based stress reduction on maternal anxiety and self‐efficacy: A randomized controlled trial. Brain and behavior, 2020, 10(4), e01561. doi: 10.1002/brb3.1561
• Zhang D, Tsang KW, Duncan LG, Yip BH, Chan DC, Lee EK, Gao TT, Tam WH, Lam KY, Tong WH, Bardacke N, Wong SYS. Effects of the Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting (MBCP) Program Among Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Mindfulness, 2023, 1-16. doi: 10.1007/s12671-022-02046-8
• Gotink R, Chu P, Busschbach J, Benson,H, Fricchione G, Hunink M. Standardised mindfulness-based interventions in healthcare: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs. PloS One, 2015, 10(4), e0124344. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124344
• Lamothe M, Rondea É, Malboeuf-Hurtubise, C, Duval M, Sultan S. Outcomes of MBSR or MBSR-based interventions in health care providers: A systematic review with a focus on empathy and emotional competencies. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2016, 24, 19-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.11.001
• O'Driscoll M, Byrne S, McGillicuddy A, Lambert S, Sahm LJ. The effects of mindfulness-based interventions for health and social care undergraduate students. A systematic review of the literature. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 2017, 22(7), 851-865. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1280178
• Shapiro S, Carlson L, Astin J, Freedman B. Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2006, 62(3), 373-386. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20237
• Goleman D, Davidson R. Altered traits: Science reveals how meditation changes your mind, brain, and body. New York: Penguin. 2017.
• McDonald HM, Sherman KA, Kasparian NA. How Mindful Awareness and Psychological Distress Influence Mother-Infant Bonding and Maternal Perceptions of Infant Temperament. Mindfulness, 2022, 13(4), 955-966. doi: 10.1007/s12671-022-01848-0
• Lathren CR, Rao S, Park J, Bluth K. Self-compassion and current close interpersonal relationships: A scoping literature review. Mindfulness, 2021, 12, 1078-1093. doi: 10.1007/s12671-020-01566-5
• Zhang W, Wang M, Ying L. Parental mindfulness and preschool children's emotion regulation: The role of mindful parenting and secure parent-child attachment. Mindfulness, 2019, 10, 2481-2491. doi: 10.1007/s12671-019-01120-y
• Lengua LJ, Thompso S F, Calhoun R, Long RB, Price C, Kantrowitz-Gordon I, ... Moini N. Preliminary Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Perinatal Mindfulness-Based Well-Being and Parenting Programs for Low-Income New Mothers. Mindfulness, 2023, 14(4), 933-952. doi: 10.1007/s12671-023-02096-6
• Min W, Jiang C, Li Z, Wang Z. The effect of mindfulness-based interventions during pregnancy on postpartum mental health: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.053
• Fernandes DV, Monteiro F, Canavarro MC, Moreira H. A Web-Based, Mindful, and Compassionate Parenting Training for Mothers Experiencing Parenting Stress: Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Mindful Moment Program. Mindfulness, 2022, 1-18. doi: 10.1007/s12671-022-02016-0
• Sutcliff KL, Dahle HG, Newnham E, Levett K. "You are either with me on this or not": A meta-ethnography of the influence birth partners and care-providers have on coping strategies learned in childbirth education and used by women during labour. Women and Birth.2023. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2023.02.001
• Van der Meule RT, Veringa-Skiba IK, Van Steensel FJA, Bögels SM, De Bruin EI. Mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting for pregnant women with high fear of childbirth and their partners: outcomes of a randomized controlled trial assessing short-and longer-term effects on psychological well-being, birth and pregnancy experience. Midwifery, 2023, 116, 103545. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103545
• Veringa‐Skiba IK, de Bruin EI, van Steensel FJ, Bögels S. M. Fear of childbirth, nonurgent obstetric interventions, and newborn outcomes: A randomized controlled trial comparing mindfulness‐based childbirth and parenting with enhanced care as usual. Birth, 2022, 49(1), 40-51. doi: 10.1111/birt.12571
• Lönnberg G, Jonas W, Unternaehrer E, Bränström R, Nissen E, Niemi M. Effects of a mindfulness based childbirth and parenting program on pregnant women's perceived stress and risk of perinatal depression-Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2020 262, 133-142. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.048
• Petteys AR, Adoumie D. Mindfulness-Based Neurodevelopmental Care Impact on NICU parent stress and infant length of stay: A randomized controlled pilot study. Advances in Neonatal Care, 2018, 18(2), 12-22. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000000474
• Grieb SM, McAtee H, Sibinga E, Mendelson T. Exploring the Influence of a Mindfulness Intervention on the Experiences of Mothers with Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Mindfulness, 2023, 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s12671-022-02060-w
• Ferrari M, Hunt C, Harrysunker A, Abbott MJ, Beath AP, Einstein DA. Self-compassion interventions and psychosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis of RCTs. Mindfulness, 2019, 10(8), 1455-1473. doi: 10.1007/s12671-019-01134-6
• Kirby JN, Petrocchi N. Compassion Focused Therapy-What It Is, What It Targets, and the Evidence. In Handbook of Self-Compassion (pp. 417-432). Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2023. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-22348-8_23
• Gammer I, Hartley-Jones C, Jones FW. A randomized controlled trial of an online, compassion-based intervention for maternal psychological well-being in the first year postpartum. Mindfulness, 2022, 11, 928-939. doi: 10.1007/s12671-020-01306-9
• Alhusen JL, Norris ‐ Shortle C, Cosgrove K, Marks L. I'm opening my arms rather than pushing away: Perceived benefits of a mindfulness-based intervention among homeless women and young children. Infant Mental Health Journal, 2017, 38(3), 434-442. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21641
• Perez-Blasco J, Viguer P, Rodrigo MF. Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on psychological distress, well-being, and maternal self-efficacy in breast-feeding mothers: Results of a pilot study. Archives of Womens Mental Health, 2013, 16(3), 227-236. doi: 10.1007/s00737-013-0337-z
• Poehlmann-Tynan J, Engbretson A, Vigna AB, Weymouth LA, Burnson C, Zahn-Waxler C, Kapoor A, Gerstein ED, Fanning A, Raison CL. Cognitively-Based Compassion Training for parents reduces cortisol in infants and young children. Infant Mental Health Journal, 2019, 41(1), 126-144. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21831
• Potharst E S, Aktar E, Rexwinkel M, Rigterink M, Bögels SM. Mindful with your baby: Feasibility, acceptability, and effects of a mindful parenting group training for mothers and their babies in a mental health context. Mindfulness, 2017, 8, 1236-1250
• Zeegers MAJ, Potharst ES, Veringa-Skiba IK, Aktar E, Goris M, Bögels SM, Colonnesi C. Evaluating Mindful with Your Baby/Toddler: Observational changes in maternal sensitivity, acceptance, mind-mindedness, and dyadic synchrony. Frontiers in Psychology, 2019, 10, 753 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00753