Örgütlerde liderlik tarzlarının etkileri üzerine bir bakış

Yıl 2020, , 87 - 91, 31.12.2020

Afet Kıyak Fatma Bozkurt

https://doi.org/10.47542/sauied.651557

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı liderlik tarzlarının örgütler üzerindeki etkilerini yeni tartışılan modellerle birlikte araştırmak ve ortaya koyduğu çeşitli sonuçları tespit etmektir. Ayrıca, bu çalışma liderliğin ne olduğunu temel liderlik teorileri ve tarzları ile birlikte detaylı bir şekilde açıklamakta ve cinsiyet farklılıkları ile duygusal zekanın liderlik tarzları ile ilişkisini tartışmaktadır. Çalışma detaylı bir literatür taramasına dayanmaktadır. Liderlik tarzlarına ve argümanlarına ilişkin farklı yaklaşımlar üzerine var olan teorik çerçeveler; takım çalışması, işbirliği ve örgütsel performansı etkileyen liderlik bakışıyla tutarlı olarak sunulmuştur. Lider ve yönetici arasındaki farklılıklar açıklanarak bu alandaki teorik boşluk desteklenmiştir. Örgütsel yönetim stratejileri içinde yaratılan liderlik tarzları ve yaklaşımları gözden geçirilip açıklandıktan sonra liderlerin davranışsal ve kişilik özelliklerinin önemi vurgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda farklı değişkenlerin (cinsiyet farklılıkları ve duygusal zeka) liderlik tarzını şekillendirmede etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda farklı değişkenler ve liderlik tarzları arasında nedensel bir ilişkinin var olduğu ve bu nedensel ilişkininde firmaya göre değişen liderlik tarzları tarafından düzenlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan, çalışma gelecekte liderliğin nasıl gelişeceğini öngörmektedir. Nitekim, yeni yüksek teknolojilerin yaygın kullanımı ve küreselleşmenin hızı ile birlikte liderlik kavramı değişmektedir. Bu nedenle, örgütler uzun vadeli amaçlarını belirlenirken bunu dikkate almaktadırlar. Bu amaçlarda kurum kültürünü değiştirmekte ve dönüştürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liderlik, uluslararası, işlemsel, lider, cinsiyet, duygusal zeka

A review on impact of leadership styles in organizations

Öz

This study aims to investigate the different effects of different leadership styles on the organization with a new projected discussion model and to prove that it produces varied outcomes. The study explains what leadership is, gives detailed information on major leadership styles and well-known theories, and discusses how gender differences and emotional intelligence relate to the leadership styles. The study builds on the broad existing literature reviews and arguments. The existing theoretical frameworks on different approaches of leadership styles and arguments are presented consistent with the view of leadership concept influence teamwork collaboration, cooperation, and organizational performance. Moreover, another aim of this study is to correct the false facts by explaining the differences between a leader and a manager and to support the theoretical gaps in these areas with different proven approaches. After reviewing and explaining the concept of leadership approaches and styles in organizational management strategies, the importance of behavioral and personal characteristics of leaders are emphasized. In this context, different variables (such as gender differences and emotional intelligence) are effective in shaping leadership styles. An argument is presented that a casual relationship exists between different variables and the leadership styles; the casual relationship is moderated by firm-varying selections of leadership types. Also, the research paper predicts how leadership will evolve in the future. The concept of leadership is changing with the widespread use of new high technologies and the speed of globalization. Therefore, organizations take this into account while determining their long-term goals. By the time, the impact of these goals on corporate culture is also modifying and transforming.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leadership, transnational, transactional, leader, gender, emotional intelligence

Kaynakça

• Abudi, G. The 5 Types of Power in Leadership. QuickBase. http://www.quickbase.com/blog/the-5-types-of-power-in-leadership. 2011. Bal, V., Campbell, M., Steed, J. & Meddings, K. (2015). The Role of Power in Effective Leadership. Center for Creative Leadership Research White Paper :8-10. Baltaş, A. 2001. Ekip, Çalışması ve Liderlik. Remzi Kitapevi AŞ, Istanbul, (3rd edition): 104-192. Barbuta, J. Jr. December 2005. Motivation and Transactional, Charismatic, and Transformational Leadership: A Test of Antecedents. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, Volume 1 1, Number 4:26-40. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/aglecfacpub/39 Barnett, R. C. 2008. Gender, Leadership and the Natural Order. 4th Annual Iowa Women’s Leadership Summit, Iowa State University: 70-75. Barrett, A. & Beeson, J. 2002. Developing Business Leaders for 2010. The Conference Board, New York. Bass, B. M. & Riggio R. E. 2006. Transformational Leadership (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Botsford, J. 1997. We must empower our leaders to make a difference. Aorn Journal, 66(2): 213-214. Bryman, A. 1999. Leadership in Organizations. Managing Organizations: Current Issues. Lancaster University, London: 26-42. Burns, J. M. 1987. Leadership. New York: Harper & Row. Catalyst. Statistical Overview of Women in The Workforce. Retrieved from, 2016, http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/statistical-overview-women-workforce. Conger, J. A. 1999. Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations: An insider's perspective on these developing streams of research. The Leadership Quarterly. Vol 10, Issue 2: 145-179. Demir, C., Yilmaz, M. K. & Cevirgen, A. 2010. Liderlik Yaklasimlari ve Liderlik Tarzlarina Iliskin bir Arastirma. Alanya Management Faculty Journal, 2(1). Eagly, A. H., & Johnson, B. T. 1990. Gender and leadership style: A Meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 233-256. Folkman, Z. 2010. Top 9 Leadership Behaviors That Drive Employee Commitment. Goleman, D. 2000. Leadership That Gets Results. Harvard Business Review. Goleman, D., Boyatzio, R. & Mckee, A. 2002. The New Leaders – Transforming the art of Leadership into the Science of Results. http://www.vedpuriswar.org. Goleman, D. 2002. The Emotional Reality of Teams. Journal of Global Business and Organizational Excellence, Vol 21, Issue 2: 55-65. House, R. J. & Howell, J. M. 1992. Personality and Charismatic Leadership. Journal of the Leadership Quarterly, Vol 3, Issue 2: 81-108. House, R. J. & Mitchell, T. R. 1975. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership. University of Washington, Seattle, Media Count 24. Howell, J. M. & Frost, P. J. 1989. A Laboratory Study of Charismatic Leadership. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 43, Issue 2: 243-269. Behavioral Theories of Leadership, Human Resource Management; http://www.citeman.com/9907-behavioral-theories-of-leadership.html, August 7, 2010. Johnson, J. 5 Types of Power in Businesses. http://www.smallbusiness.chron.com/5-types-power-businesses-18221.html; 2016. Kinnunen, T. 2011. Deep Leadership Coaching Effectiveness. National Defense University, Finland: 63-65. Mayer, J. D. & Salovey, P. 1997. What is Emotional Intelligence? New York: Basic Books. Murray, A. 2016. What is the Difference Between Management and Leadership? Wall Street Journal-Management. Naish, J. 1997. Leadership. Nursing Times, Vol 93(25): 70-76. Perrin, C. 2010. Leader vs. Manager: What’s the Distinction? Achieve Global Inc. Rank, J., Carsten, J. M., Unger, J. M., & Spector, P. E. (2007) Proactive Customer Service Performance: Relationships with Individuals, Task, and Leadership Variables. Human Performance 20, 1st publication,4: 363-390. Sharpe, R. 2000. As Leaders, Women Rule. Business Week: 75-84. Shchoemaker, J. H., Krupp, S. & Howland, S. 2013. Strategic leadership: The Essential Skills. Harvard Business Review. Stogdill, R. M. 1950. Leadership, Membership, and Organization. American Psychological Association Bulletin, Vol 47(1): 1-14. Stogdill, R. M. 1981. Handbook of Leadership, Colliar McMillan Ltd., New York. Styhre, A. & Johansson, T. 2016. Leadership Varieties: The Role of Economic Change and the New Masculinity. Routledge Studies in Leadership Research, Taylor & Francis. Unal, M. 2012. Stratejik Yonetim ve Liderlik. Beta Basin Yayim: 297-310. Underdahl, S. C. P., Walker, L. S., & Woehr, D. J. 2014. Gender and Perceptions of Leadership Effectiveness: A Meta-Analysis of Contextual Moderators. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 99, No. 6: 1129-1145. Vilet, V. V. Five forms of power (by John French and Bertram Raven). ToolsHero; http://www.toolshero.com/leadership/five-forms-of-power-french-raven/. 2014. Zand, D. E. 1996. Leadership Triad: Knowledge, Trust & Power. Oxford University Press: 137-164.