On Yedinci Yüzyıl İngiltere’sinde Askerî Yenilik ve Siyasal Değişim

Öz

Bu makale, Yeni Ordu’nun (New Model Army) on yedinci yüzyıl İngiltere’sinin siyasal ve askerî yapılarının dönüşümünde belirleyici bir güç olarak ortaya çıkışını incelemektedir. 1645 yılında Sir Thomas Fairfax ve Oliver Cromwell önderliğinde kurulan bu ordu, savaşın feodal ve aristokratik örgütlenmesinden devrim niteliğinde bir kopuşunu temsil etmiş; profesyonel, liyakate dayalı ve ideolojik olarak bütünleşmiş bir askerî hizmet modeli geliştirmiştir. Yeni Ordu’yu Avrupa’daki genel “askerî devrim” bağlamına yerleştiren bu makale, İngiltere’nin Tudor Dönemi’ne ait zorunlu askerî yoklamalardan Restorasyon Dönemi’nde daimî ordunun kurumsallaşmasına kadar uzanan sürecini izlemektedir. Çalışma, ordunun dinsel coşku, siyasal radikalizm ve örgütsel disiplinin özgün bir sentezini oluşturarak askerî otorite ile sivil yönetim arasındaki ilişkiyi yeniden tanımladığını ileri sürmektedir. Yeni Ordu, savaş meydanlarındaki başarılarının ötesinde, Halk Mutabakatları (Agreements of the People) belgelerinde vücut bulan anayasal tartışmaların bir potası hâline gelmiş ve siyasal meşruiyet, ahlaki düzen ve devlet gücü gibi modern kavramların doğuşuna zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu çalışma, Yeni Ordu’nun mirasının, hem askerî modernleşmenin bir aracı hem de Erken Modern İngiltere’de ideolojik dönüşümün bir tetikleyicisi olmasında yattığını savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeni Ordu
• İngiliz İç Savaşı
• Askeri Devrim
• Oliver Cromwell

Destekleyen Kurum

Tübitak 2219 doktora sonrası araştırma bursu ile desteklenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 2219 Post-Doc Research Program.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma bilimsel araştırma ve etik kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada etik kurul izni veya yasal/özel izin gerektirecek bir içerik bulunmamaktadır. Çalışma ile ilgili herhangi bir çıkar çatışmasının bulunmadığı Kara Harp Okulu Bilim Dergisine yazar imzası ile beyan edilmiştir.

Military Innovation And Political Change in Seventeenth-Century England

Öz

This essay investigates the emergence of the New Model Army as a pivotal force in the transformation of seventeenth-century England’s political and military structures. Established in 1645 under Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell, the army represented a revolutionary departure from the feudal and aristocratic organization of warfare, advancing a professional, merit-based, and ideologically cohesive model of military service. Situating the New Model Army within the broader European “military revolution,” the essay traces England’s progression from Tudor statutory musters to the institutionalization of a standing army under the Restoration. It argues that the army’s distinct synthesis of religious zeal, political radicalism, and organizational discipline redefined the relationship between military authority and civil governance. Beyond its battlefield achievements, the New Model Army became a crucible for constitutional debate—embodied in the Agreements of the People—and a vehicle for the emergence of modern notions of political legitimacy, moral order, and state power. The study contends that the army’s legacy lies in its dual role as both an agent of military modernization and a catalyst for ideological transformation in early modern England.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• New Model Army
• English Civil War
• military revolution
• Oliver Cromwell

Destekleyen Kurum

Supported by the TÜBİTAK 2219 Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program.

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 2219 Post-Doc Research Program.

Etik Beyan

This study was prepared in compliance with the scientific search and publication ethics. There is no content necessitating any permission from Ethical Board or any legal/special permission in this study. I, as the author of the article, signed my declaration certifying that there was no conflict of interest within the article preparation process.

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