Maliye Politikası Araçlarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Bir Literatür İncelemesi

Yıl 2008, Sayı: 69, 17 - 35, 01.06.2008

Taner Turan

Öz

Ekonomik büyüme konusu uzun zamandan beri iktisatçıların temel ilgi ve araştırma alanlarından biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Aslında bir iktisatçının ulusların zenginliğini belirleyen veya etkileyen temel unsurların neler olduğuna ilgisiz kalmasını beklemek gerçekçi değildir. Özellikle 1980’li yılların ortalarından itibaren maliye politikasının göstergeleri olarak düşünülebilecek kamu harcamaları, vergiler ve bütçe açık veya fazlalarının ekonomik büyüme oranı üzerinde değişik kanallar aracılığıyla olumlu veya olumsuz etkilerde bulunabilecekleri ileri sürülmüştür. Devlet harcamalarının verimsizliği ve vergilemenin olası olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle söz konusu harcamaların ve dolayısıyla vergilerin düşük tutulmasından yana olan iktisatçılar olduğu gibi, devletin yüksek kamu harcamaları aracılığıyla ekonomik büyüme konusunda son derece yararlı bir rol oynayabileceğini ileri süren iktisatçılar da bulunmaktadır. Maliye politikasının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerinin anlaşılması devletin ekonomide nasıl bir rol oynayabileceği konusuna da ışık tutabileceğinden son derece önemlidir.

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