EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ON NATIONAL BUSINESS SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF ‘‘POLICY TRANSFER’’

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 99, 71 - 94, 01.12.2015

Salih Serbest

Öz

Recently, the policy transfer has become a popular and current topic. Although, its existence has been known for a very long time, no conceptual framework could be formed. Globalization has been an important factor in the facilitation and promotion of policy transfer.Policy transfer, which is widely used in developing countries and which is one of the means of policy-making, is the process of finding solutions to a problem with the technical knowledge and experience of other countries. However, the countries that transfer policies in this process should take into account the interests and state of their country. Policy transfer has gained a big momentum with the contribution of neo-liberal policies that aimed at constructing a new political and ideological hegemony in the last 25 years. In this process, policy transfer has become the method of reconstructing the administrative and political systems of under-developed countries by the developed hegemonic countries of the world. The study analyses the fact that, as a result of policy transfer, which is called “transference” and “imitation” in public administration, the public administration becomes “unable to produce by itself” and negative outcomes occur in this field. Then, it studies the elements imposed/promoted by international organizations within the scope of policy transfer and analyzes the process of their determination. The mechanisms developed by international organizations to be effective in policy transfer, the developments that strengthen their role in this process and the criticisms made about international organizations in this respect are also addressed in the study. The conclusion provides an overview of the subject and puts forward our personal opinion as a result of the said evaluation

Anahtar Kelimeler

Policy transfer, national policies, international organizations, globalization, national business systems

Uluslararası Örgütlerin ‘‘Politika Aktarımı’’ Bağlamında Ulusal İş Sistemlerine Etkisi

Öz

Politika aktarımı son zamanların popüler ve güncel konusudur. Varlığı çok uzun zamandır biliniyor olmasına rağmen kavramsal bir çerçevesi oluşturulamamıştır. Küreselleşme politika aktarımını kolaylaştırıp yaygınlaştıran önemli bir etken olmuştur.Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yaygın şekilde kullanılan ve politika üretim araçlarından biri olan politika aktarımı, bir soruna diğer ülkelerin teknik bilgi ve deneyimleri ile çözüm bulma sürecidir. Ancak bu süreçte politika aktaran ülkeler kendi ülkelerinin durumunu ve menfaatlerini göz önünde bulundurmalıdırlar. Politika aktarımı son 25 yıldır yeni bir siyasal ve ideolojik hegemonyanın inşasına yönelen neo-liberal politikaların katkısıyla büyük bir ivme kazanmıştır. Bu süreçte politika aktarımı da az gelişmiş ülkelerin dünya hegemonu güçler tarafından siyasal-yönetsel anlamda biçimlendirilmesinin yöntemi olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Çalışmada, kamu yönetiminde “aktarmacılık” ve “taklitçilik” olarak adlandırılan politika aktarımının; kamu yönetimini “kendi üretemez” bir duruma düşürmesi ve bu alanda olumsuz sonuçlar oluşturması irdelenmektedir. Ardından, politika aktarımı kapsamında uluslararası örgütler tarafından dayatılan/teşvik edilen unsurlar incelenmekte ve bu unsurların belirlenmesi süreci analiz edilmektedir. Uluslararası örgütlerin politika aktarımında etkili olabilmek için geliştirdikleri mekanizmalar ve onların bu süreçteki rollerini güçlendiren gelişmeler ile uluslararası örgütlere bu açıdan yöneltilen eleştiriler çalışmada ele alınan diğer konulardır. Sonuç bölümünde ise konunun genel bir değerlendirmesi yapılmakta ve söz konusu değerlendirme sonucunda kişisel görüşümüz ortaya konulmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Politika Aktarımı, Ulusal Politika, Uluslararası Örgütler, Küreselleşme, Ulusal İş Sistemleri.

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