BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

YENİ DÖNEMDE YÜKSELEN KORUMACILIK EĞİLİMİ VE KÜRESELLEŞMENİN GELECEĞİ

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 116, 91 - 119, 01.03.2020

Öz

2008 küresel finans krizi sonrasında yükselen korumacılık eğiliminin liberal politikaların savunucusu konumundaki ülkeler tarafından daha fazla benimsendiği görülmektedir. ABD ve AB ülkeleri gibi liberal ekonomi-politik yapının egemen olduğu yerlerde devlet müdahaleciliğinin son on yılda giderek yeniden yükselmesi, 21. yüzyılda küresel ekonomideki dengeleri değiştirmiştir. Küresel kriz ile birlikte bir yandan devletin ön plana çıktığı yeni kurgunun tartışılmaya başlanması, diğer yandan Çin’in “Pekin Mutabakatı” ve “Yeni Küreselleşme” olarak adlandırdığı alternatif küreselleşme hamleleri, 21. yüzyılda küreselleşmenin geleceğine yönelik farklı yaklaşımların önem kazanmasına yol açmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada neoliberal küreselleşme çağında uygulanan korumacı politikalar ile son dönemlerde inşa edilmeye çalışılan yeni küresel ekonomik düzeninin dinamikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Buna göre bir tarafta neoliberal kurguya bağlı kalınarak küresel yönetişimin güçlendirilerek küreselleşmenin yönetilmesi gerektiği ifade edilirken diğer tarafta küresel ekonominin merkezini Asya’ya taşıyarak yeni bir küresel ekonomik düzenin öncülüğünü yapmak isteyen Çin’in girişimleri dikkat çekmektedir. Çin öncülüğünde ortaya konulan yeni küreselleşme söylemi, ekonomi-politik açıdan dikkate değer sonuçlar yaratma potansiyeline sahiptir

Kaynakça

  • Aiginger, Karl (2009), “The Current Economic Crisis: Causes, Cures and Consequences”, WIFO Working Papers, No. 341, Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO), Vienna, s. 1-31.
  • Akerlof, George ve Shiller, Robert J. (2009), Hayvansal Güdüler (Çev. Neşenur Domaniç & Levent Konyar), 2. Baskı, Scala Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Ateş, Davut (2011), “Ekonomik Kriz Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Küreselleşmenin Geleceği”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 12(1), s. 1-16.
  • Avram, Silvia, Figari, Francesco, Leventi, Chrysa, Levy, Horacio, Navicke, Jekaterina, Matsaganis, Manos, Militaru, Eva, Paulus, Alari, Rastringina, Olga ve Sutherland, Holly (2013), “The Distributional Effects of Fiscal Consolidation in Nine Countries”, Working Paper No: EM 2/13, s. 1-45.
  • Binay, Murat ve Atalay, Nesrin (2019), “Global Governance: Economic Growth and Income Distribution”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 112(Ocak-Mart), s. 137-158.
  • Bontout, Olivie ve Lokajickova, Terezie (2013), “Social Protection Budgets in the Crisis in the EU”, Publications Office of the European Union, s. 1-42.
  • Cai, Peter (2017), “Understanding China’s Belt and Road Initiative”, Lowy Institute for International Policy, s. 1-22.
  • Cankaya, Şükrü (2014), “Mali Şeffaflık ve Hesap Verebilirlik”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 94(Temmuz-Eylül), s. 143-146.
  • Chen, Wenjie, Mrkaic, Mico ve Nabar, Malhar (2019), “The Global Economic Recovery 10 Years After the 2008 Financial Crisis”, IMF Working Paper, s. 1-32.
  • Cheng, Leonard K. (2016), “Three Questions on China’s Belt and Road Initiative”, China Economic Review, 40, s. 309-313.
  • Choi, Jin Wook (2013), “The 2007-2010 US Financial Crisis: Its Origins, Progressions, and Solutions”, The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 10(2), s. 65-77.
  • Claessens, Stijn (2010), “The Financial Crisis: Policy Challenges for Emerging Markets and Developing Countries”, The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 4(2), s. 177–196.
  • Coşkun, Alev (2011), Liberal Ekonominin Çöküşü ve Küresel Ekonomik Kriz, 2. Baskı, Cumhuriyet Kitapları, İstanbul.
  • Crotty, James (2009), “Structural Causes of The Global Fnancial Crisis: A Critical Assessment of The ‘New financial Architecture’”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33, s. 563–580.
  • Crouhy, Michel G., Jarrow, Robert A. ve Turnbull, Stuart M. (2008), “The Subprime Credit Crisis of 2007”, The Journal of Derivatives, 16(1), s. 81-110.
  • Demir, Faruk, Karabıyık, Ayşegül, Ermişoğlu, Emine ve Küçük, Ayhan (2008), “ABD Mortgage Krizi”, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurulu, Çalışma Tebliği, 3, Ankara.
  • Durusoy, Serap (2009), “Kriz Sonrası Küresel Kapitalizmin Geleceği”, Alternatif Politika, 1(3), s. 363-389.
  • Eichengreen, Barry (2010), “Macroeconomic and Financial Policies Before and After the Crisis”, East-West Center/KDI Conference on the Global Economic Crisis, Honolulu, 19-20 August, s. 1-21.
  • European Commission (2012), Employment and Social Developments in Europe 2012, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
  • European Communities (2009), Economic Crisis in Europe: Causes, Consequences, and Responses, Luxembourg.
  • Evenett, Simon J. (2019), “Protectionism, State Discrimination, and International Business Since The Onset of the Global Financial Crisis”, Journal of International Business Policy, 2(1), s. 9-36.
  • Evenett, Simon J. ve Vines, David (2012), “Crisis-era Protectionism and the Multilateral Governance of Trade: an Assessment”, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 28(2), s. 195-210.
  • Frieden, Jeffry (2019), “The Backlash Against Globalization and The Future of The International Economic Order”, The Crisis of Globalization Democracy, Capitalism and Inequality in the Twenty-First Century, Patrick Diamond (Ed.), I.B.Tauris, London & New York.
  • Goel, Suresh (2009), Crisis Management: Master the Skills to Prevent Disasters, Global India Publications, New Delhi.
  • Gökgöz, Ahmet (2012), “Küresel Finansal Krizin Muhasebe Temelli Nedenleri Bağlamında Kurumsal Yönetim ve Muhasebe Meslek Etiğinin Önemi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(3-4), s. 313-331.
  • GTAR (2019), Jaw Jaw not War War: Prioritising WTO Reform Options, The 24th Global Trade Alert Report, London.
  • Hermann, Christoph (2017), “Crisis, Structural Reform and the Dismantling of the European Social Model(s)”, Economic and Industrial Democracy, 38(1), s. 51-68.
  • Huang, Yiping (2016), “Understanding China’s Belt&Road Initiative: Motivation, Framework and Assessment”, China Economic Review, 40, s. 314-321.
  • ILO (2014), Portugal: Tackling the Jobs Crisis in Portugal, The International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • İnce, Murat (2015), “Piyasa Ekonomisi ve Özgürlük”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 98 (Temmuz-Eylül), s. 75-96.
  • Kannan, Prakash ve Koehler-Geib, Fritzi (2009), “Why Did the Crisis Go Global”, (https://voxeu.org/article/why-did-crisis-go-global, Erişim Tarihi: 25.09.2019).
  • Kothari, S. P. ve Lester, Rebecca (2012), “The Role of Accounting in the Financial Crisis: Lessons for the Future”, Accounting Horizons, 26(2), s. 335–351.
  • Köse, H. Ömer (2012), “Küresel Krizle Mücadelede Denetimin Önemi ve Yüksek Denetim Kurumlarının Rolü”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(3), s. 93-108.
  • KPMG (2018), KPMG Global China Practice. A New Era, A New Paradigm of Globalisation, China Outlook 2018, China.
  • Orr, Martin (2012), “The Global Capitalist Crisis and The End of Neoliberal Capitalist Globalization”, Beyond the Global Capitalist Crisis: The World Economy in Transition, Berch Berberoglu (Ed.), Ashgate Publishing, Farnham & Burlington.
  • Østrup, Finn, Oxelheim, Lars ve Wihlborg, Clas (2009), “Origins and Resolution of Financial Crises: Lessons from the Current and Northern European Crises”, Asian Economic Papers, 8(3), s. 178-220.
  • Öniş, Ziya ve Güven, Ali Burak (2010), “Küresel Ekonomik Kriz ve Neoliberal Küreselleşmenin Geleceği”, Görüş, 65 (Aralık), s. 56-60.
  • Öniş, Ziya ve Güven, Ali Burak (2011), “The Global Economic Crisis and the Future of Neoliberal Globalization: Rupture Versus Continuity”, Global Governance 17, s. 469-488.
  • Pieterse, Jan Nederveen (2010), “Dynamics of Twenty-first-Century Globalization: New Trends in Global Political Economy”, Globalization in the 21st Century: Labor, Capital, and the State on a World Scale, Berch Berberoglu (Ed.), Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • Ramo, Joshua Cooper (2004), “The Beijing Consensus”, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, s. 1-74.
  • Roubini, Nouriel ve Mihm, Stephen (2017), Kriz Ekonomisi: Dünya Ekonomisinin Çöküşü ve Geleceği (Çev. Işıl Tezcan), 2. Baskı, Pegasus Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • SGK (2019), Avrupa Birliği’nde Sosyal Güvenlik, 2. Baskı, Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu Başkanlığı Yayını, Ankara.
  • Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2009), “The Anatomy of A Murder: Who Killed America’s Economy?”, Critical Review, 21(2-3), s. 329-339
  • Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2017), Küresel Kriz: Parasal ve Mali Reform Önerileri (Çev. Eda Aksan), Akılçelen Kitaplar, Ankara.
  • Şenses, Fikret, Öniş, Ziya ve Bakır, Caner (2015), “Giriş”, Ülke Deneyimleri Işığında Küresel Kriz ve Yeni Ekonomik Düzen, 2. Baskı, Fikret Şenses, Ziya Öniş ve Caner Bakır (Der.), İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tok, Evren (2015), “Küresel Yönetişim ve G-20’nin Siyasal Ekonomisi: 1999- 2012”, Ülke Deneyimleri Işığında Küresel Kriz ve Yeni Ekonomik Düzen, 2. Baskı, Fikret Şenses, Ziya Öniş ve Caner Bakır (Der.), İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Ünay, Sadık ve Dilek, Şerif (2018), “Yeni Korumacılık ve Ticaret Savaşları”, SETA Analiz Yayınları, 228, s. 1-25.
  • Yağcı, Mustafa (2016), “A Beijing Consensus in the Making: The Rise of Chinese Initiatives in the International Political Economy and Implications for Developing Countries”, Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs (Summer 2016), s. 29-56.
  • Yeldan, Erinç (2009), “Kapitalizmin Yeniden Finansallaşması ve 2007/2008 Krizi: Türkiye Krizin Neresinde?”, Çalışma ve Toplum, 1, s. 11-28.
  • Yu, Hong (2017), “Motivation Behind China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiatives and Establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank”, Journal of Contemporary China, 26(105), s. 353-368.

THE RISING PROTECTIONISM TENDENCY IN THE NEW ERA AND THE FUTURE OF GLOBALIZATION

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 116, 91 - 119, 01.03.2020

Öz

It is seen that the rising protectionism tendency after the 2008 global financial crisis has been adopted much more by the countries considered as the defenders of liberal policies. The increasing state interventionism in the last decade in the countries such as the USA and the EU where liberal economic-political structure is dominant has changed the balances in the global economy in the 21st century. The discussion of the new structure where the state rose to prominence along with the global crisis, on one hand, and the alternative globalization moves by China called as “Beijing Consensus” and “New Globalization”, on the other hand, led to different approaches concerning the future of globalization gaining importance in the 21st century. Therefore, in this study, the dynamics of the protectionist policies applied in the era of neoliberal globalization and the new global economic order, which has been under construction in recent years, were determined. As a result, on the one hand, it was expressed that globalization should be managed by strengthening global governance and adhering to neoliberal structure, and on the other hand, the initiatives of China who wants to be the pioneer of a new global economic order by shifting the centre of global economy to Asia, were found striking. The new globalization discourse declared by China has the potential to create remarkable results both economically and politically.

Kaynakça

  • Aiginger, Karl (2009), “The Current Economic Crisis: Causes, Cures and Consequences”, WIFO Working Papers, No. 341, Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO), Vienna, s. 1-31.
  • Akerlof, George ve Shiller, Robert J. (2009), Hayvansal Güdüler (Çev. Neşenur Domaniç & Levent Konyar), 2. Baskı, Scala Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Ateş, Davut (2011), “Ekonomik Kriz Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Küreselleşmenin Geleceği”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 12(1), s. 1-16.
  • Avram, Silvia, Figari, Francesco, Leventi, Chrysa, Levy, Horacio, Navicke, Jekaterina, Matsaganis, Manos, Militaru, Eva, Paulus, Alari, Rastringina, Olga ve Sutherland, Holly (2013), “The Distributional Effects of Fiscal Consolidation in Nine Countries”, Working Paper No: EM 2/13, s. 1-45.
  • Binay, Murat ve Atalay, Nesrin (2019), “Global Governance: Economic Growth and Income Distribution”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 112(Ocak-Mart), s. 137-158.
  • Bontout, Olivie ve Lokajickova, Terezie (2013), “Social Protection Budgets in the Crisis in the EU”, Publications Office of the European Union, s. 1-42.
  • Cai, Peter (2017), “Understanding China’s Belt and Road Initiative”, Lowy Institute for International Policy, s. 1-22.
  • Cankaya, Şükrü (2014), “Mali Şeffaflık ve Hesap Verebilirlik”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 94(Temmuz-Eylül), s. 143-146.
  • Chen, Wenjie, Mrkaic, Mico ve Nabar, Malhar (2019), “The Global Economic Recovery 10 Years After the 2008 Financial Crisis”, IMF Working Paper, s. 1-32.
  • Cheng, Leonard K. (2016), “Three Questions on China’s Belt and Road Initiative”, China Economic Review, 40, s. 309-313.
  • Choi, Jin Wook (2013), “The 2007-2010 US Financial Crisis: Its Origins, Progressions, and Solutions”, The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 10(2), s. 65-77.
  • Claessens, Stijn (2010), “The Financial Crisis: Policy Challenges for Emerging Markets and Developing Countries”, The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 4(2), s. 177–196.
  • Coşkun, Alev (2011), Liberal Ekonominin Çöküşü ve Küresel Ekonomik Kriz, 2. Baskı, Cumhuriyet Kitapları, İstanbul.
  • Crotty, James (2009), “Structural Causes of The Global Fnancial Crisis: A Critical Assessment of The ‘New financial Architecture’”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33, s. 563–580.
  • Crouhy, Michel G., Jarrow, Robert A. ve Turnbull, Stuart M. (2008), “The Subprime Credit Crisis of 2007”, The Journal of Derivatives, 16(1), s. 81-110.
  • Demir, Faruk, Karabıyık, Ayşegül, Ermişoğlu, Emine ve Küçük, Ayhan (2008), “ABD Mortgage Krizi”, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurulu, Çalışma Tebliği, 3, Ankara.
  • Durusoy, Serap (2009), “Kriz Sonrası Küresel Kapitalizmin Geleceği”, Alternatif Politika, 1(3), s. 363-389.
  • Eichengreen, Barry (2010), “Macroeconomic and Financial Policies Before and After the Crisis”, East-West Center/KDI Conference on the Global Economic Crisis, Honolulu, 19-20 August, s. 1-21.
  • European Commission (2012), Employment and Social Developments in Europe 2012, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
  • European Communities (2009), Economic Crisis in Europe: Causes, Consequences, and Responses, Luxembourg.
  • Evenett, Simon J. (2019), “Protectionism, State Discrimination, and International Business Since The Onset of the Global Financial Crisis”, Journal of International Business Policy, 2(1), s. 9-36.
  • Evenett, Simon J. ve Vines, David (2012), “Crisis-era Protectionism and the Multilateral Governance of Trade: an Assessment”, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 28(2), s. 195-210.
  • Frieden, Jeffry (2019), “The Backlash Against Globalization and The Future of The International Economic Order”, The Crisis of Globalization Democracy, Capitalism and Inequality in the Twenty-First Century, Patrick Diamond (Ed.), I.B.Tauris, London & New York.
  • Goel, Suresh (2009), Crisis Management: Master the Skills to Prevent Disasters, Global India Publications, New Delhi.
  • Gökgöz, Ahmet (2012), “Küresel Finansal Krizin Muhasebe Temelli Nedenleri Bağlamında Kurumsal Yönetim ve Muhasebe Meslek Etiğinin Önemi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(3-4), s. 313-331.
  • GTAR (2019), Jaw Jaw not War War: Prioritising WTO Reform Options, The 24th Global Trade Alert Report, London.
  • Hermann, Christoph (2017), “Crisis, Structural Reform and the Dismantling of the European Social Model(s)”, Economic and Industrial Democracy, 38(1), s. 51-68.
  • Huang, Yiping (2016), “Understanding China’s Belt&Road Initiative: Motivation, Framework and Assessment”, China Economic Review, 40, s. 314-321.
  • ILO (2014), Portugal: Tackling the Jobs Crisis in Portugal, The International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • İnce, Murat (2015), “Piyasa Ekonomisi ve Özgürlük”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 98 (Temmuz-Eylül), s. 75-96.
  • Kannan, Prakash ve Koehler-Geib, Fritzi (2009), “Why Did the Crisis Go Global”, (https://voxeu.org/article/why-did-crisis-go-global, Erişim Tarihi: 25.09.2019).
  • Kothari, S. P. ve Lester, Rebecca (2012), “The Role of Accounting in the Financial Crisis: Lessons for the Future”, Accounting Horizons, 26(2), s. 335–351.
  • Köse, H. Ömer (2012), “Küresel Krizle Mücadelede Denetimin Önemi ve Yüksek Denetim Kurumlarının Rolü”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(3), s. 93-108.
  • KPMG (2018), KPMG Global China Practice. A New Era, A New Paradigm of Globalisation, China Outlook 2018, China.
  • Orr, Martin (2012), “The Global Capitalist Crisis and The End of Neoliberal Capitalist Globalization”, Beyond the Global Capitalist Crisis: The World Economy in Transition, Berch Berberoglu (Ed.), Ashgate Publishing, Farnham & Burlington.
  • Østrup, Finn, Oxelheim, Lars ve Wihlborg, Clas (2009), “Origins and Resolution of Financial Crises: Lessons from the Current and Northern European Crises”, Asian Economic Papers, 8(3), s. 178-220.
  • Öniş, Ziya ve Güven, Ali Burak (2010), “Küresel Ekonomik Kriz ve Neoliberal Küreselleşmenin Geleceği”, Görüş, 65 (Aralık), s. 56-60.
  • Öniş, Ziya ve Güven, Ali Burak (2011), “The Global Economic Crisis and the Future of Neoliberal Globalization: Rupture Versus Continuity”, Global Governance 17, s. 469-488.
  • Pieterse, Jan Nederveen (2010), “Dynamics of Twenty-first-Century Globalization: New Trends in Global Political Economy”, Globalization in the 21st Century: Labor, Capital, and the State on a World Scale, Berch Berberoglu (Ed.), Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • Ramo, Joshua Cooper (2004), “The Beijing Consensus”, The Foreign Policy Centre, London, s. 1-74.
  • Roubini, Nouriel ve Mihm, Stephen (2017), Kriz Ekonomisi: Dünya Ekonomisinin Çöküşü ve Geleceği (Çev. Işıl Tezcan), 2. Baskı, Pegasus Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • SGK (2019), Avrupa Birliği’nde Sosyal Güvenlik, 2. Baskı, Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu Başkanlığı Yayını, Ankara.
  • Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2009), “The Anatomy of A Murder: Who Killed America’s Economy?”, Critical Review, 21(2-3), s. 329-339
  • Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2017), Küresel Kriz: Parasal ve Mali Reform Önerileri (Çev. Eda Aksan), Akılçelen Kitaplar, Ankara.
  • Şenses, Fikret, Öniş, Ziya ve Bakır, Caner (2015), “Giriş”, Ülke Deneyimleri Işığında Küresel Kriz ve Yeni Ekonomik Düzen, 2. Baskı, Fikret Şenses, Ziya Öniş ve Caner Bakır (Der.), İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tok, Evren (2015), “Küresel Yönetişim ve G-20’nin Siyasal Ekonomisi: 1999- 2012”, Ülke Deneyimleri Işığında Küresel Kriz ve Yeni Ekonomik Düzen, 2. Baskı, Fikret Şenses, Ziya Öniş ve Caner Bakır (Der.), İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Ünay, Sadık ve Dilek, Şerif (2018), “Yeni Korumacılık ve Ticaret Savaşları”, SETA Analiz Yayınları, 228, s. 1-25.
  • Yağcı, Mustafa (2016), “A Beijing Consensus in the Making: The Rise of Chinese Initiatives in the International Political Economy and Implications for Developing Countries”, Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs (Summer 2016), s. 29-56.
  • Yeldan, Erinç (2009), “Kapitalizmin Yeniden Finansallaşması ve 2007/2008 Krizi: Türkiye Krizin Neresinde?”, Çalışma ve Toplum, 1, s. 11-28.
  • Yu, Hong (2017), “Motivation Behind China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiatives and Establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank”, Journal of Contemporary China, 26(105), s. 353-368.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Orhan Cengiz Bu kişi benim

Erdem Selman Develi Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 116

Kaynak Göster

APA Cengiz, O., & Develi, E. S. (2020). YENİ DÖNEMDE YÜKSELEN KORUMACILIK EĞİLİMİ VE KÜRESELLEŞMENİN GELECEĞİ. Sayıştay Dergisi(116), 91-119.