Küreselleşme ve Savunma Harcamaları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 117, 115 - 138, 01.06.2020

Orhan Cengiz Müge Manga

Öz

Küreselleşme olgusunun politik iktisat alanındaki yansımalarından biri de güvenlik algısı ve buna bağlı olarak savunma harcamaları üzerinde ortaya çıkan etkisidir. Küreselleşmenin doğurduğu refah etkisi ve fırsat maliyeti avantajları nedeniyle ülkeler arasındaki çatışmaların azalacağı, dolayısıyla savunma harcamalarının düşeceği yaklaşımına karşılık, küreselleşme sürecinin ulus-devletlerin güvenlik algılarını negatif yönde etkilemesine bağlı olarak savunma harcamalarında daha yüksek artışlar görüleceği şeklinde çeşitli görüşler söz konusudur. Bu bağlamda 2017 yılında en yüksek KOF küreselleşme endeksine sahip 25 ülke için 1995-2017 dönemi verileri kullanılarak ekonomik, politik ve sosyal küreselleşme ile savunma harcamaları arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Panel grubu için elde edilen panel AMG sonuçlarına göre ekonomik büyüme ve politik küreselleşme savunma harcamalarını artırırken ekonomik küreselleşme savunma harcamalarını azaltmaktadır. Sosyal küreselleşme ise savunma harcamaları üzerinde herhangi bir etkiye sahip değildir. Ayrıca, ülke özelindeki bulgular incelendiğinde değişkenlik gösterdiği görülmektedir. Dumitrescu-Hurlin nedensellik testi bulguları ise ekonomik büyümeden savunma harcamalarına, savunma harcamalarından ekonomik küreselleşme ve sosyal küreselleşmeye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu göstermektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Savunma harcamaları, ekonomik küreselleşme, politik küreselleşme, sosyal küreselleşme, panel AMG

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLOBALIZATION AND MILITARY EXPENDITURES

Öz

One of the reflections of globalization phenomenon in the field of political economy is the perception of security and consequently its impact on military expenditure. There are various opinions that globalization process leads to higher increases in military expenditure as a result of the negative impact of the nation-states’ perceptions of security, opposite to the approach that globalization will reduce the conflicts among the countries and thus reduce military expenditures due to its welfare impact and opportunity cost advantages caused by it. In this context, the relationship between economic, political and social globalization, and military expenditure was analyzed by using the data over the period 1995-2017 for 25 countries, which had the highest KOF globalization index in 2017. According to the panel AMG findings for the panel group, economic growth and political globalization increase the military expenditures while economic globalization decreases them. Social globalization does not have any impact on military expenditures. In addition, when the country specific findings are examined, it is seen that they vary. Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test findings indicate that there is a one-way causality running from economic growth to military expenditures, from military expenditures to economic globalization and social globalization

Anahtar Kelimeler

Military expenditures, economic globalization, political globalization

Kaynakça

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