Sporcu Öğrencilerde Spor Tükenmişliği: Bilişsel Esneklik, Sporda Görev ve Ego Yönelimi ile Spor Kaygısının Rolü

Öz

Bu çalışma bilişsel esneklik ve spor tükenmişliği arasındaki ilişkide spor kaygısı, görev ve ego yöneliminin aracılık rolünü incelemiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları 155 kız (39%) ve 242 erkek (61%) olmak üzere toplam 397 spor lisesi öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaşları 13 ila 19 arasında değişmektedir (x̄=16.26, SD=1.218). Çalışma için verilerin toplanmasında Bilişsel Esneklik Envanteri, Sporda Görev ve Ego Yönelimi Ölçeği, Spor Kaygısı Ölçeği ve Spor Tükenmişliği Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bulgularına göre spor kaygısı ile ego ve görev yönelimi faktörlerinin bilişsel esneklik ve spor tükenmişliği arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiği saptanmıştır. Yüksek bilişsel esnekliğe sahip spor lisesi öğrencileri sporda karşılaştıkları kaygılı durumlarla etkili bir şekilde baş etmektedirler. Spor kaygısı azalan, ego ve görev yönelimi artan spor lisesi öğrencileri için çevrelerindeki uyarıcıların daha az rahatsızlık verici olarak algılanması sayesinde spor tükenmişlikleri azalma eğilimindedir. Spor lisesi öğrencilerinin spor tükenmişliğinden korunması adına okul müfredatının ve önleyici stratejilerin spor kaygısı ile ego yönelimini azaltma ve görev yönelimini artırmaya yönelik dizayn edilmesi önemli görülmektedir. Bilişsel esneklik ve görev yönelimini hedef alan kazanımların spor lisesi programlarında yaygınlaştırılması öğrencilerin tükenmişlikten korunarak sporda işlevselliklerinin artmasına yardımcı olabilir. Takım sporlarının görev yönelimini artırıcı etkisi göz önüne alındığında spor liselerinde bireysel sporların yanında takım sporlarının da yaygınlaştırılmasının spor tükenmişliğinin önüne geçilmesinde etkili olacağı düşünülebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spor tükenmişliği
• Spor kaygısı
• Sporda görev ve ego yönelimi
• Bilişsel esneklik

Sport Burnout in Student-Athletes: The Role of Cognitive Flexibility, Task and Ego Orientation in Sport and Sport Anxiety

Öz

This study examined the mediating role of sport anxiety, task, and ego orientation in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and sport burnout. The study participants consisted of 397 sport high school students, 155 female (39%) and 242 male (61%). The ages of the students participating in the study ranged from 13 to 19 (x̄=16.26, SD=1.218). Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire, Sports Anxiety Scale, and Sports Burnout Inventory were used to collect data for the study. According to the findings of this study, sport anxiety and ego and task orientation factors mediate the relationship between cognitive flexibility and sport burnout. Sport high school students with high cognitive flexibility effectively cope with the anxious situations they encounter in sport. These students with reduced sport anxiety and increased ego and task orientation tend to experience reduced sport burnout due to perceiving stimuli in their environment as less disturbing. To protect students from sport burnout, the school curriculum and preventive strategies should be designed to reduce sport anxiety and ego orientation and increase task orientation. Extending cognitive flexibility and task orientation learning outcomes in high school sport programs can help protect students from burnout and improve their functionality in sport. Considering the effect of team sport enhancing task orientation, including more team sport in addition to individual sport in sport high schools will be effective in preventing sport burnout.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sport burnout
• Sport anxiety
• Task and ego orientation in sport
• Cognitive flexibility

Kaynakça

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