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The Adaptation Study of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) for Turkish Children

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 4, 249 - 265, 05.12.2025

Şuheda Dilay Kızılca , Emine Çağlar , Emre Bilgin , Menekşe Boz , Neslişah Yaren Kırcı , Erdem Karabulut , Gıyasettin Demirhan , Ayda Karaca

https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.1667716

Öz

This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) in Turkish children. The Turkish version of the TGMD-3 was administered to a total of 251 children, consisting of 129 girls and 122 boys aged 5 to 10 years. The instructions and skill assessment criteria of the TGMD-3 were translated into Turkish using the forward-backward translation method and an expert panel review. Subsequently, each skill in the test was demonstrated to each child by the researcher using the Turkish version of the TGMD-3 instructions, after which the child was asked to perform the skill. Each skill was performed twice by each child, and all performances were video recorded for scoring purposes. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for interrater reliability of the TGMD-3 were found to be above .87. The construct validity of the test was examined using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and acceptable fit index values were obtained for the 13-item two-factor model (χ2/df = 2.42, RMSEA = .07, TLI = .92, CFI = .94). Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients were .79 for the locomotor skills subtest and .85 for the ball skills subtest. Additionally, the ICCs calculated for test-retest reliability were .87 for the locomotor skills substest and .91 for the ball skills subtest. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the Turkish version of the TGMD-3 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing fundamental movement skills.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Motor development Fundamental movement skills Motor competence Gross motor development Test of Gross Motor Development-3

Proje Numarası

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK (SOBAG-121K484) ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi BAP (SHD-2022-20302) birimi tarafından desteklenen projeden üretilmiştir.

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Büyük Kas Motor Gelişim Testi-3 (BKMGT-3)’ün Uyarlama Çalışması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 4, 249 - 265, 05.12.2025

Şuheda Dilay Kızılca , Emine Çağlar , Emre Bilgin , Menekşe Boz , Neslişah Yaren Kırcı , Erdem Karabulut , Gıyasettin Demirhan , Ayda Karaca

https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.1667716

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Büyük Kas Motor Gelişim Testi-3 (BKMGT-3)’ün Türk çocuklarında geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin test edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya 5-10 yaş arası 129 kız ve 122 erkek olmak üzere toplam 251 çocuk katılmıştır. BKMGT-3’ün yönergesi ve beceri değerlendirme ölçütlerinin Türkçe’ye çevrilmesi, çeviri-geri çeviri yöntemi ve uzman paneli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. BKMGT-3 Türkçe sürümünün yönergesi kullanılarak testte bulunan her bir beceri, öncelikle araştırmacı tarafından çocuğa gösterilmiş ve sonrasında çocuğun beceriyi denemesi sağlanmıştır. Çocuk, her beceriyi iki kez uygulamıştır ve her uygulama daha sonra izlenerek puanlanabilmesi için video kamerayla kaydedilmiştir. BKMGT-3’ ün bağımsız puanlayıcıları arasındaki sınıf içi korelasyon katsayıları ,87'nin üzerinde bulunmuştur. Testin yapı geçerliği, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) ile incelenmiş ve 13 maddeli iki faktörlü model için kabul edilebilir düzeyde uyum indeksi değerleri elde edilmiştir (χ2/sd= 2,42; RMSEA= ,07; TLI= ,92; CFI= ,94). Testin Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayıları, yer değiştirme becerileri alt testi için ,79, top becerileri alt testi için ise ,85 olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca BKMGT-3'ün test-tekrar test güvenirliği için hesaplanan sınıf içi korelasyon katsayıları, yer değiştirme becerileri alt testi için ,87, top becerileri alt testi için ise ,91 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak araştırma bulguları, BKMGT-3 Türkçe sürümünün temel hareket becerilerini ölçmek amacıyla kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Motor gelişim Temel hareket becerileri Motor yeterlik Büyük kas motor gelişim Büyük Kas Motor Gelişim Testi-3

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK (SOBAG-121K484) ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi BAP (SHD-2022-20302) birimi tarafından desteklenen projeden üretilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi BAP birimi.

Proje Numarası

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK (SOBAG-121K484) ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi BAP (SHD-2022-20302) birimi tarafından desteklenen projeden üretilmiştir.

Kaynakça

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  • Piek, J. P., Bradbury, G. S., Elsley, S. C., ve Tate, L. (2008). Motor coordination and social–emotional behaviour in preschool-aged children. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 55(2), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/10349120802033592
  • Rey, E., Carballo-Fazanes, A., Varela-Casal, C., Abelairas-Gómez, C., ve ALFA-MOV Project collaborators (2020). Reliability of the test of gross motor development: A systematic review. PloS One, 15(7), 1-26, e0236070, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236070
  • Rigoli, D., Kane, R. T., Mancini, V., Thornton, A., Licari, M., Hands, B., McIntyr, F., ve Piek, J. (2016). The relationship between motor proficiency and mental health outcomes in young adults: A test of the environmental stress hypothesis. Human Movement Science, 53, 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.09.004
  • Rigoli, D., Piek, J., ve Kane, R. (2012). Motor coordination and psychosocial correlates in a normative adolescent sample. Pediatrics, 129(4), e892–e900. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1237
  • Rintala, P. O., Sääkslahti, A. K., ve Iivonen, S. (2017). Reliability assessment of scores from video-recorded TGMD-3 performances. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 5(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0007
  • Robinson, L. E., Stodden, D. F., Barnett, L. M., Lopes, V. P., Logan, S. W., Rodrigues, L. P., ve D’Hondt, E. (2015). Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental trajectories of health. Sports Medicine, 45(9), 1273–1284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6
  • Roczniak, L., Jutras, M., Lévesque, C., ve Fortin, C. (2025). Reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development Third Edition among children with developmental coordination disorder. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 45(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/01942638.2024.2378050
  • Rose, E., Larkin, D., Parker, H., ve Hands, B. (2015). Does motor competence affect self-perceptions differently for adolescent males and females? SAGE Open, 5(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015615922
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  • Sarışık, S., Akça, E., Karasu, C., ve Karabacak, K. (2023). İlkokullarda uygulanan beden eğitimi ve oyun dersinin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerine göre incelenmesi. Göbeklitepe Eğitim ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 82-96.
  • Sevimay, D. (1986). Okul öncesi çağı çocuklarının motor performanslarının incelenmesi. [Basılmamış Bilim Uzmanlığı Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara].
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  • Ulrich, D. A. (2000). Test of Gross Motor Development (2nd ed.). Pro-Ed.
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  • Ulrich, D. A. (2017). Introduction to the special section: Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the TGMD-3. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2017-0020
  • Valentini, N. C., Zanella, L. W., ve Webster, E. K. (2017). Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition: Establishing content and construct validity for Brazilian children. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 5(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0002
  • Wagner, M. O., Webster, E. K., ve Ulrich, D. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development (German translation): Results of a pilot study. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 5(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0006
  • Webster, E. K., ve Ulrich, D. A. (2017). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third edition. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 5(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0003
  • Wilson, A., Piek, J. P., ve Kane, R. (2013). The mediating role of social skills in the relationship between motor ability and internalizing symptoms in pre-primary children. Infant and Child Development, 22(2), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.1773
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  • Ziegler, M. (2014). Comments on item selection procedures. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 30(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000196
Toplam 82 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Şuheda Dilay Kızılca 0000-0002-5832-1347

Emine Çağlar 0000-0001-6771-8955

Emre Bilgin 0000-0003-1300-3131

Menekşe Boz 0000-0002-6218-105X

Neslişah Yaren Kırcı 0000-0002-4925-0508

Erdem Karabulut 0000-0002-7811-8215

Gıyasettin Demirhan 0000-0002-5370-2036

Ayda Karaca 0000-0002-3189-2385

Proje Numarası Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK (SOBAG-121K484) ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi BAP (SHD-2022-20302) birimi tarafından desteklenen projeden üretilmiştir.
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Kızılca, Ş. D., Çağlar, E., Bilgin, E., … Boz, M. (2025). Büyük Kas Motor Gelişim Testi-3 (BKMGT-3)’ün Uyarlama Çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 36(4), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.1667716

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