Profesyonel ve Amatör Basketbolcuların Besin Alımı ve Beslenme Alışkanlıklarının Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışma, amatör ve profesyonel basketbol oyuncularının besin alımları ve beslenme alışkanlıklarını değerlendirmiş ve karşılaştırmıştır; çalışmada, profesyonel sporcuların yapılandırılmış antrenman programları ve destek sistemleri nedeniyle daha yeterli besin alımı ve daha sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarına sahip olacağı hipotez edilmiştir. Bu kesitsel çalışmaya 18–30 yaş aralığında, Türkiye Basketbol Federasyonu’na bağlı kulüplerde lisanslı olarak oynayan 60 erkek sporcu (30 amatör, 30 profesyonel) dahil edilmiştir. Veriler, 40 maddelik beslenme alışkanlıkları anketi ve üç günlük besin tüketim kaydı (antrenman, maç ve dinlenme günü) ile toplanmıştır. Besin alımı BEBİS yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş; enerji harcaması ise fiziksel aktivite kayıtları ve MET değerleri aracılığıyla tahmin edilmiştir. Antropometrik ölçümler boy uzunluğu ve vücut ağırlığını içermektedir. Günlük ortalama enerji alımı amatörlerde 2043,4 ± 301,8 kkal, profesyonellerde ise 2238,4 ± 243,5 kkal olup, her iki grup da enerji gereksinimlerini (40–70 kkal/kg/gün) karşılayamamıştır. Amatör sporcular arasında protein alımı dikkat çekici biçimde düşüktür (ortalama: 1,1 g/kg/gün) ve önerilen 1,4–2,0 g/kg/gün aralığının altındadır. Karbonhidrat ve yağ alımları da yetersiz bulunmuş, özellikle amatör grupta belirgin eksiklikler saptanmıştır. Profesyonel oyuncular nispeten daha iyi bir beslenme örüntüsü sergilese de her iki grupta da enerji ve makro besin ögesi alımları yeterli değildir. Bu bulgular, bireyselleştirilmiş beslenme stratejilerine ve özellikle amatör sporcular için beslenme eğitiminin geliştirilmesine duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır. Sonuçlar, basketbol antrenman ortamlarında diyetisyen liderliğinde müdahalelerin uygulanmasını desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Basketbolcular
• Profesyonel
• Amatör
• Besin alımı
• Beslenme alışkanlıkları

Comparison of Nutrient Intake and Dietary Habits Between Professional and Amateur Basketball Players

Öz

This study evaluated and compared the nutrient intake and dietary habits of amateur and professional basketball players, hypothesizing that professionals would exhibit more adequate nutrient intake and healthier dietary habits due to structured training and support systems. Sixty male players (30 amateur, 30 professional), aged 18–30, participated in this cross-sectional study. All were licensed athletes from clubs affiliated with the Turkish Basketball Federation. Data were collected using a 40-item dietary habits questionnaire and three-day food records (training, match, rest day). Nutrient intake was analyzed via BEBIS software, and energy expenditure estimated through activity records and MET values. Anthropometric data included height and body weight. Mean daily energy intake was 2043.4 ± 301.8 kcal (amateurs) and 2238.4 ± 243.5 kcal (professionals); both groups failed to meet energy needs (40–70 kcal/kg/day). Protein intake was notably low among amateurs (mean: 1.1 g/kg/day), below the 1.4–2.0 g/kg/day recommendation. Carbohydrate and fat intake were also insufficient, particularly among amateurs. Although professionals showed relatively better dietary patterns, both groups showed inadequate energy and macronutrient intake. These findings highlight the need for individualized nutrition strategies and improved dietary education, especially for amateurs. The results support implementing dietitian-led interventions within basketball training environments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Basketball players
• Professional
• Amateur
• Nutrient intake
• Dietary habits

Kaynakça

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