Assesment of Professıonal Ice Hockey Players’ Nutritional Status and Energy Balance During Competition Period

Öz

The purpose of this study is to determine macro and micronutrients consumption of professional ice hockey players during the competition period, and to compare the energy intake and expenditure between training, competition and rest days. A total of 21 professional ice hockey athletes (11 women, 10 men) participated in the study. The athletes recorded a 4-day food and physical activity diary (2 training, 1 rest, 1 competition). Daily intake of macro and micronutrients, energy intake and expenditure levels, and energy balance were calculated. T test for independent samples and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyse data. Ice hockey players failed to meet their daily energy needs regardless of the day of training, competition or rest, and energy deficit in males (-1912 kcal) was higher than females (-1451kcal). Regardless of the day and gender, carbohydrate intake was insufficient (females: 2.5 g/kg/day; males: 2.24 g/kg/day), while protein intake was sufficient on all occasions (females: 1.54 g/kg/day; males: 1.50 g/kg/day). Calcium and potassium intakes were under the RDA recommendation (72% and 54%, respectively), while iron intake was insufficient only in women (75% RDA). In conclusion, professional female and male ice hockey players are in negative energy balance, and could not meet some of the macro and micronutrients daily during the competition period. On the long term this situation may adversely affect the health and performance of athletes, thus close monitoring of the nutritional requirements of the athletes and taking measures to maintain energy balance as well as sufficient macro and micronutrients are recommended.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ıce hockey
• competition
• nutrition
• energy balance
• nutrients

Profesyonel Buz Hokeycilerin Müsabaka Dönemindeki Beslenme Durumlarının ve Enerji Dengelerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; profesyonel buz hokeycilerin müsabaka dönemindeki beslenme durumlarının saptanması, antrenman, maç ve dinlenme günlerindeki enerji alımı, harcaması ve dengesinin değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmaya en az 5 yıldır aktif buz hokeyi oynayan 21 profesyonel buz hokeyi sporcusu (11 kadın, 10 erkek) katılmıştır. Sporcular 2 antrenman, 1 dinlenme ve 1 müsabaka gününde olmak üzere toplam 4 gün boyunca besin tüketim kaydı ve fiziksel aktivite kaydı tutmuşlardır. Sporcuların makro ve mikro besin ögelerini tüketim düzeyleri, antrenman, maç ve dinlenme günlerine göre enerji alım ve harcama düzeyleri belirlenmiş ve enerji dengeleri hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Bağımsız Gruplarda T Test ve Tekrarlayan Ölçümlerde İki Yönlü Varyans Analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, buz hokeycilerin müsabaka döneminde antrenman, maç ve dinlenme günü fark etmeksizin günlük enerji gereksinimlerini karşılayamadığını ve erkeklerde (-1912 kkal) kadınlara (-1451 kkal) kıyasla daha fazla enerji açığı oluştuğunu göstermiştir. Karbonhidrat alımı, incelenen gün (antrenman, maç, dinlenme) ve cinsiyetten bağımsız olarak yetersiz bulunmuştur (kadın: 2,5 g/kg/gün; erkek: 2,24 g/kg/gün). Günlük protein gereksinmesinin her koşulda karşılandığı (kadın: 1,54 g/kg/gün; erkek: 1,50 g/kg/gün) ancak dinlenme gününde protein alımının azaldığı (1.2 g/kg/gün) saptanmıştır. Kalsiyum ve potasyum alımının RDA önerisini dahi karşılayamadığı (kalsiyum: %72; potasyum: %54), demir alımının ise sadece kadınlarda yetersiz kaldığı (%75) bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, profesyonel kadın ve erkek buz hokeycilerin müsabaka dönemlerinde yetersiz beslendikleri, günlük makro ve mikro besin ögelerinin bir kısmını karşılayamadıkları belirlenmiştir. Bu durumun devam etmesinin sporcuların sağlığını ve performansını olumsuz etkileyebileceği dikkate alındığında, sporcuların enerji gereksinimlerindeki değişimlerin sezon boyunca yakından takip edilerek enerji dengesinin korunmasına, makro ve mikro besin ögelerinin karşılanmasına yönelik önlemlerin alınması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• buz hokeyi
• müsabaka
• enerji dengesi
• besin ögesi
• beslenme

Kaynakça

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