Evaluation of Body Composition, Nutrition and Hydration Situations of the Soccer Players in Different Leagues During the Season

Öz

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status, body composition and hydration status of soccer players in different league categories. The research was carried out on 48 athletes playing football professionally in the Junior Sports Club (Super Toto Super League), Hacettepe Sports Club (2nd league) and Etimesgut Sports Club (3rd league). In order to assess participants' nutritional status, 3 day food consumption and physical activity records were taken on training day, match day and non trainin g day. The purpose of determining the hydration levels on the same day was to collect urine in the urine chamber and to determine hydration levels by refractometer. Within the same week, fat mass, body mass, percentage of body fat were measured by Dual Ene rgy X Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). The average age of the soccer players participating in the study is 24.5 ± 3.56 years. The average height of the soccer players was 181.5±5.97 cm, body weight was 77.9±7.41 kg and fat percentages were determined as 16.3±2.87 %. Body fat percentages of soccer players were 15.5±2.95%, 16.5±3.26% and 16.9±2.38% for süper, 2nd and 3rd league players, respectively (p>0.05). The average energy intake of all the players who participated in the study was found to be 2727.6±380.78 kcal and the average energy expenditure was 3216.5±192.34 kcal. The rate of total energy taken from carbohydrates was 43.9±4.84%, from protein 16.4±2.84 and from fat 39.5±3.87. The mean urine density of the players in the super league, second league and third league were 1021.1±2.15, 1024.4±3.57, 1024.6±5.21, respectively (p<0.05). As a result; the soccer players participating in this study had inadequate intake of some nutrients and liquid besides they had high body fat according to the other results in the li terature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• soccer
• nutrition
• body composition
• hydration

Farklı Liglerdeki Futbolcuların Vücut Kompozisyonu, Beslenme ve Hidrasyon Durumlarının Sezon İçi Dönemde Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, farklı lig kategorilerinde oynayan futbol oyuncularının besin tüketim durumları, vücut kompozisyonları ve hidrasyon durumlarının sezon içi dönemde değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, Gençlerbirliği Spor Kulübü (Süper Toto Süper Lig), Hacette pe Spor Kulubü (2. Lig) ve Etimesgut Spor Kulubünde (3. Lig) profesyonel olarak futbol oynayan 48 sporcu üzerinde yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların beslenme durumlarının değerlendirilmesi için futbolcuların 1 günü antrenmanlı, 1 günü maç günü ve 1 günü antrenman sız günlere denk gelecek şekilde 3 günlük besin tüketim ve fiziksel aktivite kayıtları alınmıştır. Aynı günlerdeki hidrasyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile spot idrar ile idrar yoğunluğu ölçülmüştür. Aynı hafta içerisinde Dual enerji x ray absorbsiyom etri (DXA) ile vücut yağ kütlesi, kas kütlesi ve yağ yüzdeleri ölçülmüştür. Çalışmaya katılan futbolcuların yaş ortalaması 24.5± 3.56 yıldır. Futbolcuların ortalama boy uzunluğu 181.5±5.97 cm, vücut ağırlığı 77.9±7.41 kg, vücut yağ yüzdesi %16.3±2.87 olara k belirlenmiştir. Futbolcuların vücut yağ yüzdeleri süper lig, 2. lig ve 3. lig oyuncularında sırasıyla %15.5±2.95, %16.5±3.26 ve %16.9±2.38 olarak saptanmıştır (p>0.05). Çalışmaya katılan tüm oyuncuların diyetle enerji alım ortalaması 2727.6±380.78 kkal, enerji harcaması ortalaması 3216.5 ±192.34 kkal olarak Toplam enerjinin %43.9±4.84’ünün karbonhidrattan, %16.4±2.84’ünün proteinden ve %39.5±3.87’sinin yağdan geldiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan süperlig, 2. lig ve 3. lig oyuncularının or talama günlük sıvı alımları sırasıyla 3334.1±309.23 mL; 3305.6±291.81 mL; 3373.1±574.76 mL olarak saptanmıştır (p>0.05). Ortalama idrar dansitelerine bakıldığında süperlig oyuncularının 1021.1±2.15, 2. lig oyuncularının 1024.4±3.57 ve 3. lig oyuncularının 1 024.6±5.21 olarak bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak; çalışmaya katılan tüm futbolcuların yetersiz besin ve sıvı alımı içerisinde olduğu ve literatüre göre yüksek vücut yağ yüzdesine sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• futbol
• beslenme
• vücut kompozisyonu
• hidrasyon

Kaynakça

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