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OKULLARDA BEDEN EĞİTİMİNİN DURUMU VE SÜREKLİLİĞİ: KÜRESEL BİR YAKLAŞIM (TÜRKÇE).

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 1 - 22, 01.02.2008

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ammah JOAA, Kwaw NP. (2005). Physi- cal education in Ghana. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.) In International Com- parison of Physical Education. Con- cept–Problems–Prospects. (pp.311- 327). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • Kay W. (2005). Physical Education – Qual- ity: A quality experience for all pupils. Paper presented at the National Sum- mit on Physical Education, CCPR, London. Monday 24 January.
  • Balkenende JP. (2005). Opening Address:
  • “Values, Norms and Society”. ISCA
  • General Assembly. 13-15 April, Pap
  • endal, The Netherlands.
  • Bee P. (2003). In the press and in the parks women are being let down. The Guardian. Sport. Monday October 27. p.23.
  • Bureau of the Committee for the De- velopment of Sport. (2002a). Draft conclusions on improving physical education and sport for children and young people in all European coun- tries. MSL-IM16 (2002) 5 Rev.3. 16th Informal Meeting of European Sports Ministers. Warsaw, Poland, 12-13 September. Strasbourg, Council of Europe.
  • Bureau of the Committee for the Develop- ment of Sport, (2002b). Draft conclu- sions on improving physical educa- tion and sport for children and young people in all European countries. Revised by the Drafting Group. MSL- IM16 (2002) 5 Rev.4. 16th Informal Meeting of European Sports Minis- ters. Warsaw, Poland, 12-13 Septem- ber. Strasbourg, Council of Europe.
  • Costa V, Tubino M. (2005).Physical edu- cation in Brazil. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Comparison of Physical Education. Concept– Problems–Prospects. Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag. (pp.135-149).
  • Council of Europe, Committee of Minis- ters (2003). Recommendation Rec (2003) 6 of the Committee of Minis- ters to member states on improving physical education and sport for chil- dren and young people in all Europe- an countries. Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 30 April.
  • Council of Europe (1975) European “Sport for All” Charter, European Sports Ministers’ Conference. Brussels, Bel- gium.
  • Council of Europe, Committee of Minis- ters, (2003). Recommendation Rec (2003) 6 of the Committee of Minis- ters to member states on improving physical education and sport for chil- dren and young people in all Europe- an countries. Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 30 April.
  • Council of Europe, Committee of Minis- ters. (2004). Recommendation Rec (2003) 6 of the Committee of Minis- ters to member states on improving physical education and sport for chil- dren and young people in all Europe- an countries. Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 30 April.
  • Dallermassl K, Stadler R. (2008). Physi- cal education and education through sport in Austria. In G Klein, K Hard- man,. In Physical Education and Sport Education in the European Union. (pp.42-54). Paris, Editions Re- vue EP.S.
  • De Boer-Buqicchio M. (2002). Opening Address. 16th Informal Meeting of the European Ministers Responsible for Sport. Warsaw, 12 September.
  • Fairclough SJ, Stratton G. (2005). Physical education makes you fit and healthy: physical education’s contribution to young people’s activity levels. Health Education Research, 20 (1), 14-23.
  • Ford J. (2003). Transform gym teachers from taunters to teachers. Lansing State Journal, 12 September.
  • Grössing S, Recla J, Recla H. (2005). Physical education in Austria. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In Interna- tional Comparison of Physical Educa- tion. Concepts, Problems, Prospects. (pp.66-82). Oxford, Meyer and Meyer Sport.
  • Hardman K. (2008a). International news. Physical Education Matters, Spring, 3 (1). p.58.
  • Hardman K. (2008b). The situation of physical education in schools: a Eu- ropean perspective. Human Move- ment, 9 (1), 5-18.
  • Hardman K, Marshall JJ. (2005). 2nd World Summit on Physical Education: Update on the State and Status of Physical Education Worldwide., Mag- glingen, Switzerland, 2-3 December.
  • Hardman K, Marshall JJ. (2008). ICSSPE: Final Report. World-wide survey II of school physical education.. Berlin.
  • Kang S, You J. (2005). School physical education in South Korea. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Com- parison of Physical Education. Con- cept–Problems–Prospects. (pp.572- 587). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • McNab T. (1999). The joy of exercise. The Guardian, Tuesday May 4.
  • Rivard MC, Beaudoin C. (2005). Physical education in Canada. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Com- parison of Physical Education. Con- cept–Problems–Prospects. (pp.150
  • ). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • Salokun SO. (2005). Physical education in Nigeria. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Comparison of Physical Education. Concept–Problems–Pros- pects. (pp.497-511). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • The Associated Press, Jan. 17, 2005.
  • Thomson RW, Emerson S. (2005). Physi- cal education in New Zealand/Aote- aroa. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Comparison of Physical Education. Concept–Problems–Pros- pects. (pp.473-496). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • Tinning R. (2005). Physical education in Australia: An interpretative account. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In Interna- tional Comparison of Physical Educa- tion. Concept–Problems–Prospects. (pp.52-65). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Edurational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation). (1978). Charter for Physical Education and Sport. Paris.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Edurational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation). (2003). ‘Round Table’ Communiqué.
  • The United Nations General Assem
  • bly Resolution 58/5. Paris.
  • WHO (World Health Organization). (2004). Global strategy on diet, physical ac- tivity and health. Geneva,. 17 April.
  • Yao L, Jin J. (2005). Physical education in China. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Comparison of Physical Education. Concept–Problems–Pros- pects. (pp.176-187). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • Zouabi M. (2005). Sport and physical ed- ucation in Tunisia. (U Pühse, M Ger- ber, Eds.). In International Compari- son of Physical Education. Concept– Problems–Prospects. (pp.672-685). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.

OKULLARDA BEDEN EĞİTİMİNİN DURUMU VE SÜREKLİLİĞİ: KÜRESEL BİR YAKLAŞIM

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 1 - 22, 01.02.2008

Öz

Bu makalede, okullarda beden eğitiminin durumunu araştıran ulusal ve uluslararası araştırmalar incelenerek, Kasım 1999’da Berlin’de düzenlenen Beden Eğitimi Dünya Zirvesi (Physical Educatıon World Summit) ’nden günümüze okul beden eğitiminin dünya genelindeki durumu hakkında rapor verilecektir. Araştırmalardan elde edilen veriler dünyadaki ülkelerde ve bölgelerde okul beden eğitimindeki modellerin ve yönelimlerin göstergelerini sağlamaktadır. Kanıtlar, olumlu gelişmelerin ve politik retoriğin, bu olumluluğa ters uygulamalardaki noksanlıklarla yan yana durduğunu göstermektedir. Nitekim, içtenliklerin ve aynı zamanda ‘karışık mesajlar’ın da yer aldığı bütünlüklü senaryo, ulusal ve/veya bölgesel hükümetlerin yasalar yoluyla beden eğitimi için gerekli koşulları sağlama görevini üstlendiklerini fakat, bazılarının doğru yürütme ve kaliteli bir dağıtım güvencesi yoluyla doğru uygulamaların gerçekleştirilebilmesi konusunda yavaş yada sessiz kaldıklarını işaret etmektedir. Esas itibariyle, 1999 Berlin Beden Eğitimi Zirvesi’nden bu yana, okul beden eğitiminin durumunda, özellikle ekonomik olarak az gelişmiş olan ve gelişmekte olan bölgelerde çok az bir değişiklik olmuştur. Var olmaya devam eden endişeler şunları kapsamaktadır: eğitim programına ayrılan yetersiz süre, uygun olmayan eğitim programı, beden eğitiminin algılanan düşük statüsü, yetersiz nitelikli ve/veya yeterli derecede eğitilmemiş öğretmenler (özellikle ilköğretim okullarında), sıklıkla yetersiz bütçe ve büyük sınıflarla ilişkilendirilen yetersiz tesis, araç-gereç ve öğretim materyalleri, bazı ülkelerde, okul dışındaki geniş toplum programlarına ve tesislerle kurulacak ilişkilere yönelik bir farkındalık eksikliği ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği ve engelli öğrencilerin tam katılımını sağlama yönündeki engeller. Fakat, şu anki ülkeler arası kurumların girişimleri (örneğin UNESCO (taraftarlık) ve Avrupa Parlamentosu (2007 Kararlılık) beden eğitimini politik gündeme almışlardır. Politik ilkeleri ve eylem taraftarlılığını üstlenen ülkeler arası kurumlar ile birlikte beden eğitimi için güvenli ve sürekli bir gelecek gerçekleştirilebilir görünmektedir. Makale, bu sürekliliğin sağlamlaştırılması için sunulan önerilerle son bulmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Ammah JOAA, Kwaw NP. (2005). Physi- cal education in Ghana. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.) In International Com- parison of Physical Education. Con- cept–Problems–Prospects. (pp.311- 327). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • Kay W. (2005). Physical Education – Qual- ity: A quality experience for all pupils. Paper presented at the National Sum- mit on Physical Education, CCPR, London. Monday 24 January.
  • Balkenende JP. (2005). Opening Address:
  • “Values, Norms and Society”. ISCA
  • General Assembly. 13-15 April, Pap
  • endal, The Netherlands.
  • Bee P. (2003). In the press and in the parks women are being let down. The Guardian. Sport. Monday October 27. p.23.
  • Bureau of the Committee for the De- velopment of Sport. (2002a). Draft conclusions on improving physical education and sport for children and young people in all European coun- tries. MSL-IM16 (2002) 5 Rev.3. 16th Informal Meeting of European Sports Ministers. Warsaw, Poland, 12-13 September. Strasbourg, Council of Europe.
  • Bureau of the Committee for the Develop- ment of Sport, (2002b). Draft conclu- sions on improving physical educa- tion and sport for children and young people in all European countries. Revised by the Drafting Group. MSL- IM16 (2002) 5 Rev.4. 16th Informal Meeting of European Sports Minis- ters. Warsaw, Poland, 12-13 Septem- ber. Strasbourg, Council of Europe.
  • Costa V, Tubino M. (2005).Physical edu- cation in Brazil. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Comparison of Physical Education. Concept– Problems–Prospects. Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag. (pp.135-149).
  • Council of Europe, Committee of Minis- ters (2003). Recommendation Rec (2003) 6 of the Committee of Minis- ters to member states on improving physical education and sport for chil- dren and young people in all Europe- an countries. Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 30 April.
  • Council of Europe (1975) European “Sport for All” Charter, European Sports Ministers’ Conference. Brussels, Bel- gium.
  • Council of Europe, Committee of Minis- ters, (2003). Recommendation Rec (2003) 6 of the Committee of Minis- ters to member states on improving physical education and sport for chil- dren and young people in all Europe- an countries. Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 30 April.
  • Council of Europe, Committee of Minis- ters. (2004). Recommendation Rec (2003) 6 of the Committee of Minis- ters to member states on improving physical education and sport for chil- dren and young people in all Europe- an countries. Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 30 April.
  • Dallermassl K, Stadler R. (2008). Physi- cal education and education through sport in Austria. In G Klein, K Hard- man,. In Physical Education and Sport Education in the European Union. (pp.42-54). Paris, Editions Re- vue EP.S.
  • De Boer-Buqicchio M. (2002). Opening Address. 16th Informal Meeting of the European Ministers Responsible for Sport. Warsaw, 12 September.
  • Fairclough SJ, Stratton G. (2005). Physical education makes you fit and healthy: physical education’s contribution to young people’s activity levels. Health Education Research, 20 (1), 14-23.
  • Ford J. (2003). Transform gym teachers from taunters to teachers. Lansing State Journal, 12 September.
  • Grössing S, Recla J, Recla H. (2005). Physical education in Austria. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In Interna- tional Comparison of Physical Educa- tion. Concepts, Problems, Prospects. (pp.66-82). Oxford, Meyer and Meyer Sport.
  • Hardman K. (2008a). International news. Physical Education Matters, Spring, 3 (1). p.58.
  • Hardman K. (2008b). The situation of physical education in schools: a Eu- ropean perspective. Human Move- ment, 9 (1), 5-18.
  • Hardman K, Marshall JJ. (2005). 2nd World Summit on Physical Education: Update on the State and Status of Physical Education Worldwide., Mag- glingen, Switzerland, 2-3 December.
  • Hardman K, Marshall JJ. (2008). ICSSPE: Final Report. World-wide survey II of school physical education.. Berlin.
  • Kang S, You J. (2005). School physical education in South Korea. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Com- parison of Physical Education. Con- cept–Problems–Prospects. (pp.572- 587). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • McNab T. (1999). The joy of exercise. The Guardian, Tuesday May 4.
  • Rivard MC, Beaudoin C. (2005). Physical education in Canada. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Com- parison of Physical Education. Con- cept–Problems–Prospects. (pp.150
  • ). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • Salokun SO. (2005). Physical education in Nigeria. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Comparison of Physical Education. Concept–Problems–Pros- pects. (pp.497-511). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • The Associated Press, Jan. 17, 2005.
  • Thomson RW, Emerson S. (2005). Physi- cal education in New Zealand/Aote- aroa. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Comparison of Physical Education. Concept–Problems–Pros- pects. (pp.473-496). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • Tinning R. (2005). Physical education in Australia: An interpretative account. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In Interna- tional Comparison of Physical Educa- tion. Concept–Problems–Prospects. (pp.52-65). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Edurational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation). (1978). Charter for Physical Education and Sport. Paris.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Edurational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation). (2003). ‘Round Table’ Communiqué.
  • The United Nations General Assem
  • bly Resolution 58/5. Paris.
  • WHO (World Health Organization). (2004). Global strategy on diet, physical ac- tivity and health. Geneva,. 17 April.
  • Yao L, Jin J. (2005). Physical education in China. (U Pühse, M Gerber, Eds.). In International Comparison of Physical Education. Concept–Problems–Pros- pects. (pp.176-187). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
  • Zouabi M. (2005). Sport and physical ed- ucation in Tunisia. (U Pühse, M Ger- ber, Eds.). In International Compari- son of Physical Education. Concept– Problems–Prospects. (pp.672-685). Aachen, Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ken Hardman Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Şubat 2008
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2008 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Hardman, K. (2008). OKULLARDA BEDEN EĞİTİMİNİN DURUMU VE SÜREKLİLİĞİ: KÜRESEL BİR YAKLAŞIM. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(1), 1-22.

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