BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

SPORDA HOMOFOBİ ÖLÇEĞİ: TÜRKÇEYE ÇEVRİLMESİ VE ADAPTASYONU.

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 238 - 249, 01.08.2008

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Amerikan Psikoloji Derneği [APD]-Ameri- can Psychological Association [APA]. (2009). APA Help Center. Sexual ori- entation and homosexuality. 15 Ocak 2009, http://www.apahelpcenter.org/ articles/pdf.php?id=31
  • Amerikan Psikoloji Derneği [APD]-Ameri- can Psychological Association [APA]. (2008). Answers to your questions: For a better understanding of sexual orientation and homosexuality. Wash- ington, DC: Author. 02 Şubat 2009, http://www.apa.org/topics/sorienta- tion.pdf
  • Anderson E. (2002). Openly gay athletes: Contesting hegemonic masculinity in a homophobic environment. Gender and Society, 16(6), 860-877.
  • Arnold O, Voracek M, Musalek M, Spring- er-Kremser M. (2004). Austrian medi- cal students’ attitudes towards male and female homosexuality: A com- parative survey. Wien Klin Wochen- schr, 30; 116(21-22):730-6.
  • Baks B, Malecek S. (2004) Synopsis on Homophobia and Discrimina- tion on Sexual Orientation in Sport. European Gay and Lesbian Sports Federation. 04 0cak 2008, http:// www.gaysport.info/EGLSF_Public_ Documents/EGLSF_synopsis_on_ homophobia_2003pr. pdf
  • Birch N. (2009). Outed referee blows whistle on Turkish homophobia. The Irish Times, Thursday, June 25, 2009. 22 Eylül 2009, http:// www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ world/2009/0625/1224249508278. html
  • Buzinski J. (2008). In Beijing Olympics, only 10 openly gay athletes. 03 Ocak 2009, os/index.php/component/content/ article/35-2008/111-in-beijing-olym- pics-only-10-openly-gay-athlet
  • Canadian Association for the Advance- ment of Women and Sport (CAAWS). (2006). Seeing the Invisible, Speak- ing About the Unspoken, a position paper on homophobia in sport. 07 Ocak 2009, http://www.caaws.ca/ pdfs/CAAWS_Homophobia_Discus- sion_Paper_E.pdf
  • Conger JJ. (1975). Proceedings of the American Psychological Associa- tion, Incorporated, for the year 1974: Minutes of the annual meeting of the Council of Representatives. Ameri- can Psychologist, 30, 620-651.
  • Çırakoğlu OC. (2006). Perception of ho- mosexuality among Turkish university students: The roles of labels, gender, and prior contact. The Journal of So- cial Psychology, 146(3), 293-305.
  • Davison KG, Frank BW. (2007). Sexuali- ties, Genders, and Bodies in Sport: Changing Practices of Inequity. (K Young, P White, Ed.), Sport and Gen- der in Canada (2nd edition), (s. 178- 193). New York, NY; Don Mills, On- tario: Oxford University Press.
  • Demers, G. (2006). Homophobia in Sport- Fact of Life, Taboo Subject. Canadian Journal for Women in Coaching. 6,(2). 09 Ocak 2009, http://www.coach. c a / WOMEN /e/ jour nal /ap r 20 0 6/ April2006.pdf
  • Eitzen DS. (2000). Social Control and Sport. (J Coakley, E Dunning Ed.). Handbook of Sports Studies (s. 370- 381). London: Sage.
  • Gelbal S, Duyan V. (2006). Attitudes of university students toward lesbians and gay men in Turkey. Sex Roles, 55, 573-579.
  • Griffin P. (1998). Strong Women, Deep Closets – Lesbians and Homophobia in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Ki- netics.
  • Hooker E. (1957). The adjustment of the male overt homosexual. Journal of Projective Techniques, 21, 18–31.
  • Kane MJ. (2007). Sociological aspects of sport and physical activity. (J Parks, J Quarterman, Ed.). Contemporary Sport Management. (3rd edition). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Kimmel M. (1994). Masculinity as ho- mophobia: Fear, shame and silence in the construction of gender identity. (H Brod, M Kaufman, Ed.), Theorizing Masculinities (s. 119–141). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Lenskyj H. (1995). Sport and the threat to gender boundaries. Sporting Tradi- tions, 12(1), 47–60.
  • Oksal A. (2008). Turkish family members’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Sex Roles, 58, 514–525.
  • Roper EA, Halloran E. (2007). Attitudes toward gay men and lesbians among heterosexual male and female stu- dent-athletes. Sex Roles, 57(11-12), 919-928.
  • Sakallı N. (2002). The relationship be- tween sexism and attitudes toward homosexuality in a sample of Turkish college students. Journal of Homo- sexuality, 42(3), 51–62.
  • Sakallı N, Uğurlu O. (2001). Effects of social contact with homosexuals on heterosexual Turkish university stu- dents’ attitudes towards homosexu- ality. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1), 53–62.
  • The Independent (2009). Gay referee gets red card in Turkey. Thursday, 25 June 2009. 22 Eylül 2009, http://www.inde- pendent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ gay-referee-gets-red-card-in-tur- key-1718056.html
  • Walther T. (2006). Kick it out: Homopho- bia in football. European Gay and Lesbian Sport Federation (EGLSF). 22 Şubat 2007, http://www.farenet. org/resources/EGLSF_Homophobia_ in_Football_2006.pdf
  • Witeck-Combs Communications, Inc./ Harris Interactive (2002). Americans May be More Accepting of Gay Ath- letes Than Even They Suspect. 06 Şubat 2006, http://www.witeckcombs. com/news/releases/20020819_ac- cepting.pdf.

SPORDA HOMOFOBİ ÖLÇEĞİ: TÜRKÇEYE ÇEVRİLMESİ VE ADAPTASYONU.

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 238 - 249, 01.08.2008

Öz

Bu çalışmada bireylerin eşcinsel sporculara karşı tutumlarının belirlenmesi amacı ile Witeck-Combs İletişim ve Harris Interactive kuruluşları tarafından geliştirilen Sporda Homofobi Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması, geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin sınanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya üniversitede öğrenim gören 61 erkek (Ort. Yaş= 22.52, Std. Sp.=1.38) ve 57 kadın (Ort. Yaş= 22.36, Std. Sp.=1.35) katılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında sınanan ölçek “Sporda Homofobi Ölçeği’dir”. Sporda Homofobi Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye çevrilme aşamasında ölçek psikoloji alanında uzman ve İngilizce bilen üç öğretim üyesi tarafından Türkçeye çevrilmiş, Türkçe ve İngilizce çeviriler arasında tutarlılık incelenmiştir. Daha sonra Türkçeye çevrilen 3 ölçek yine psikoloji alanında uzman ve İngilizce bilen 3 öğretim üyesi tarafından tekrar İngilizceye çevrilmiştir. Öğretim üyeleri ve araştırmacı çevrilen Sporda Homofobi Ölçeği’nde gerekli düzenlemeleri yaparak ölçeğe son halini vermişlerdir. Türkçe ölçek maddeleri incelemeleri için 24 üniversite öğrencisine verilmiş, sonrasında belirlenen ve gerekli görülen düzeltmeler yapıldıktan sonra anketin içerik, uyum geçerliliğinin ve güvenirliğinin test edilmesi amacı ile Sporda Homofobi Ölçeği’nin İngilizce ve Türkçe biçimleri İngilizce ve Türkçe bilen 118 üniversite öğrencisine uygulanmıştır. Son olarak da aynı grup öğrencilere Sporda Homofobi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe biçimi tekrar verilerek test-tekrar test güvenirliği test edilmiştir. Üç bölümden oluşan ölçeğin Türkçe ve İngilizce biçimleri arasında ve Türkçe biçiminin test tekrar-test ölçümleri arasında edilen veriler doğrultusunda uygulanan ilgileşim analizi sonucunda ilgileşim katsayıları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p < .05). Çalışma sonucunda Sporda Homofobi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe biçiminin spor taraftarlarının eşcinsel sporculara karşı tutumlarının belirlenmesinde geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu ortaya konmuştur

Kaynakça

  • Amerikan Psikoloji Derneği [APD]-Ameri- can Psychological Association [APA]. (2009). APA Help Center. Sexual ori- entation and homosexuality. 15 Ocak 2009, http://www.apahelpcenter.org/ articles/pdf.php?id=31
  • Amerikan Psikoloji Derneği [APD]-Ameri- can Psychological Association [APA]. (2008). Answers to your questions: For a better understanding of sexual orientation and homosexuality. Wash- ington, DC: Author. 02 Şubat 2009, http://www.apa.org/topics/sorienta- tion.pdf
  • Anderson E. (2002). Openly gay athletes: Contesting hegemonic masculinity in a homophobic environment. Gender and Society, 16(6), 860-877.
  • Arnold O, Voracek M, Musalek M, Spring- er-Kremser M. (2004). Austrian medi- cal students’ attitudes towards male and female homosexuality: A com- parative survey. Wien Klin Wochen- schr, 30; 116(21-22):730-6.
  • Baks B, Malecek S. (2004) Synopsis on Homophobia and Discrimina- tion on Sexual Orientation in Sport. European Gay and Lesbian Sports Federation. 04 0cak 2008, http:// www.gaysport.info/EGLSF_Public_ Documents/EGLSF_synopsis_on_ homophobia_2003pr. pdf
  • Birch N. (2009). Outed referee blows whistle on Turkish homophobia. The Irish Times, Thursday, June 25, 2009. 22 Eylül 2009, http:// www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ world/2009/0625/1224249508278. html
  • Buzinski J. (2008). In Beijing Olympics, only 10 openly gay athletes. 03 Ocak 2009, os/index.php/component/content/ article/35-2008/111-in-beijing-olym- pics-only-10-openly-gay-athlet
  • Canadian Association for the Advance- ment of Women and Sport (CAAWS). (2006). Seeing the Invisible, Speak- ing About the Unspoken, a position paper on homophobia in sport. 07 Ocak 2009, http://www.caaws.ca/ pdfs/CAAWS_Homophobia_Discus- sion_Paper_E.pdf
  • Conger JJ. (1975). Proceedings of the American Psychological Associa- tion, Incorporated, for the year 1974: Minutes of the annual meeting of the Council of Representatives. Ameri- can Psychologist, 30, 620-651.
  • Çırakoğlu OC. (2006). Perception of ho- mosexuality among Turkish university students: The roles of labels, gender, and prior contact. The Journal of So- cial Psychology, 146(3), 293-305.
  • Davison KG, Frank BW. (2007). Sexuali- ties, Genders, and Bodies in Sport: Changing Practices of Inequity. (K Young, P White, Ed.), Sport and Gen- der in Canada (2nd edition), (s. 178- 193). New York, NY; Don Mills, On- tario: Oxford University Press.
  • Demers, G. (2006). Homophobia in Sport- Fact of Life, Taboo Subject. Canadian Journal for Women in Coaching. 6,(2). 09 Ocak 2009, http://www.coach. c a / WOMEN /e/ jour nal /ap r 20 0 6/ April2006.pdf
  • Eitzen DS. (2000). Social Control and Sport. (J Coakley, E Dunning Ed.). Handbook of Sports Studies (s. 370- 381). London: Sage.
  • Gelbal S, Duyan V. (2006). Attitudes of university students toward lesbians and gay men in Turkey. Sex Roles, 55, 573-579.
  • Griffin P. (1998). Strong Women, Deep Closets – Lesbians and Homophobia in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Ki- netics.
  • Hooker E. (1957). The adjustment of the male overt homosexual. Journal of Projective Techniques, 21, 18–31.
  • Kane MJ. (2007). Sociological aspects of sport and physical activity. (J Parks, J Quarterman, Ed.). Contemporary Sport Management. (3rd edition). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Kimmel M. (1994). Masculinity as ho- mophobia: Fear, shame and silence in the construction of gender identity. (H Brod, M Kaufman, Ed.), Theorizing Masculinities (s. 119–141). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Lenskyj H. (1995). Sport and the threat to gender boundaries. Sporting Tradi- tions, 12(1), 47–60.
  • Oksal A. (2008). Turkish family members’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Sex Roles, 58, 514–525.
  • Roper EA, Halloran E. (2007). Attitudes toward gay men and lesbians among heterosexual male and female stu- dent-athletes. Sex Roles, 57(11-12), 919-928.
  • Sakallı N. (2002). The relationship be- tween sexism and attitudes toward homosexuality in a sample of Turkish college students. Journal of Homo- sexuality, 42(3), 51–62.
  • Sakallı N, Uğurlu O. (2001). Effects of social contact with homosexuals on heterosexual Turkish university stu- dents’ attitudes towards homosexu- ality. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1), 53–62.
  • The Independent (2009). Gay referee gets red card in Turkey. Thursday, 25 June 2009. 22 Eylül 2009, http://www.inde- pendent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ gay-referee-gets-red-card-in-tur- key-1718056.html
  • Walther T. (2006). Kick it out: Homopho- bia in football. European Gay and Lesbian Sport Federation (EGLSF). 22 Şubat 2007, http://www.farenet. org/resources/EGLSF_Homophobia_ in_Football_2006.pdf
  • Witeck-Combs Communications, Inc./ Harris Interactive (2002). Americans May be More Accepting of Gay Ath- letes Than Even They Suspect. 06 Şubat 2006, http://www.witeckcombs. com/news/releases/20020819_ac- cepting.pdf.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Leyla Saraç Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2008
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2008 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Saraç, L. (2008). SPORDA HOMOFOBİ ÖLÇEĞİ: TÜRKÇEYE ÇEVRİLMESİ VE ADAPTASYONU. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(4), 238-249.

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