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ARJİNİN VE EGZERSİZ.

Yıl 2006, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 143 - 157, 01.06.2006

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahrendt, D. (2001). Ergogenic Aids: Counseling the Athlete. Am Fam Physician, 63,913-22.
  • Alba-Roth, J., Muller, O.A., Schopohl, J. & Von Werder, K. (1998). Arginine stimulates growth hormone secretion by suppressing endogenous soma- tostatin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 67(6), 1186-9.
  • Anderson, S. & Raiten, D. (1992). Safety of amino acids used as dietary supp- lements: Life Sciences Research Office, FDA Contract No. 223-88- 2124.117-125.
  • Balon, T. & Nadler, J. (1994). Nitric oxide release is present from incubated skeletal muscle preparations. J Appl Physiol, 77, 2519-21.
  • Balon, T. & Nadler, J. (1997). Evidence that nitric oxide increases glucose transport in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol, 82, 359-363.
  • Barbul, A. (1986). "Arginine: Biochemistry, physiologY, and therapeutic implications." J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 10(2), 227-38.
  • Bednarz, B., Jaxa-Chamiec, T., Gebalska, J., Herbaczynska-Cedro, K. & Ceremuzynski, L. (2004). L-arginine supplementation prolongs duration of exercise in congestive heart failu- re. Pol HeartJ, 60(4), 348-53.
  • Bednarz,B.,Jaxa-Chamiec,T., Maciejewski, P., Szpajer, M., Janik, K., Gniot, J., Kawka-Urbanek,T. Drozdowska, D. Gessek, J. & Laskowski, H. (2005). Efficacy and safety of oral L-arginine in acute myo- cardial infarction. Results of multi- center randomized,doub|e- blind, p- lacebo-controlled ARAMI pilot trial. Kardiol Pol, 62,421-6
  • Boger, R.H. & Bode-Boger, S.M. (2001). The clinical pharmacology of L-arginine. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 41,79-99.
  • Bucci, L. (1993). Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise. Wolinsky, |. & Hickson, J.F (eds). Nutrition and the Strength Athlete, Boca Raton, CRC Press.
  • Buford, B.N. & Koch, A.J. (2004) Glycine- arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid improves performance of repeated cycling sprints. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 36. 583-587.
  • Burtscher, M., Brunner, F., Fathaber, M., Hotter, B. & Rudolf, L. (2005). The prolonged intake of L-arginine L- aspartate reduces blood lactate ac- cumulation and oxygen consumption during submaximal exercise. J Sport Sci Med,4,314-322.
  • Campbell, B., La Bounty, P. & Roberts, M. (2004). The Ergogenic Potential ofAr- ginine.JlntSocSport Nut, 1(2),35- 38.
  • Campbell, B., Roberts, M., B.S., Kerksick, C.& WiIborn, C. (2006). Pharmaco- kinetics, safety, and effects on exer- cise performance of L-arginine alfa- ketoglutarate in trained adult men. Nutrition,22 ,872-881.
  • Ceremuzynski,L. Chamiec,T. & Herbacynska-Cedro, K.(1997). Effect on supplemental oral L-arginine exer- cise capacity in patients with stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol, 80, 331-33.
  • Champe, P.C. & Harvey, R.A. (1994). Biochemistry, J.B. Lippincott Company: Philadelphia, Chen, J., Wollman, Y., Chernichovsky,T., Iaina, A., Sofer, M. & Matzkin, H. (1999). Effect of oral administration of high- dose nitric oxide donor L-arginine in men with organic erectile dysfunc- tion: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. BJU Int, 83(3), 269-73.
  • Cheng, J.W. & Balwin, SN. (2001). L- arginine in the management of car- diovascular diseases. Ann Pharma- cother, 35, 755-64.
  • Colombani, P.C., Bitzi, R., Frey-Rindova, P., Frey, W., Arnold,M., Langhans, W. & Wenk, C. (1999). Chronic arginine aspartate supplementation in runners reduces total plasma amino acid level at rest and during a marathon run. EurJ Nutr, 38,263-70.
  • Cooke, J.P.&Tsao, P.S. (1997). Arginine: A new therapy for atherosclerosis? Circulation,95,311-312.
  • Creager, M.A., Gallagher, S.J., Girerd, X.J., Coleman, S.M., Dzau, V.J. & Cooke, J.P. (1992). L-arginine im- proves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic humans. J Clin Invest, 90,1248-53.
  • Doutreleau, S., Mettauer, B., Piquard, F., Schaefer,A., Lonsdorfer,E., Richard, R. & Geny, B. (2005). Chronic but not acute oral L-arginine supplementati- on delays the ventilatory threshold during exercise in heart failure pati- ents. Can J Appl Physiol,30(4),419- 432.
  • Doutreleau, S., Mettauer, B., Piquard, F., Rouyer, O., Schaefer, A., Lonsdorfer, J. & Geny, B. (2006). Chronic L- argi- nine supplementation enhances en- durance exercise tolerance in heart failure patients. Int J Sports Med, 27(7),567—72.
  • Esplugues, J.V. (2002). NO as a signalling molecule in the nervous system. BritJ Pharmacol, 135, 1079- 1095.
  • Fisker, S., Nielsen, S., Ebdrup, L., Bech, J.N., Christiansen, J.S., Pedersen, E.B. & Jorgensen, J.O. (1999a). The role of nitric oxide in L-arginine stimu- lated growth hormone release. J En- docrinollnvest, 22, 89-93.
  • Fisker, S., Nielsen, S., Ebdrup, L., Bech, J.N., Christiansen, J.S., Pedersen, E. B. & Jorgensen, J.O. (1999 b). L-argi
  • nine-induced growth hormone sec- retion is not inşuenced by coinfusion of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-monomethyI-L-arginine in healthy men. Growth Horm IGF Res 9, 69-73.
  • F|ako||,P.,Sharp,R.,Baier,S.,Levenhagen, D., Carr, C. & Nissen,S.(2004). Effect of beta-hyd roxy-betamethylbutyrate, arginine, and Iysine supplementation on strength, functionality, body com- position, and protein metabolism in- elderly women. Nutrition, 20,445-51.
  • Giugliano, D., Marfella, R., Verrazzo, G., Acampora,R.,Coppola,L.&Cozzolino D.(1997). The vascular effects of L- arginine in humans. J Clin lnvest,99, 433-438.
  • Green, S.J., Mellouk,S. & Hoffman, S.L. (1990).Cellular mechanisms of non- speciŞc immunity to intracellular in- fection: cytokine induced synthesis of toxic nitrogen oxides from L-arginine by macrophages and hepatocytes. lmmunolLett,25(1-3),15-9.
  • Gremion,G., Palud,P. &Gobelet,C. (1989). Arginine aspartate and muscular acti- vity. Partll. SchweizerZeitschrift fiir Sportmedizin, 37, 241-246.
  • Hurson, M., Regan M.C., Kirk, S.J., Wasserkrug, H.L. & Barbul, A. (1995). Metabolic effects of arginine in a healthy elderly population. J parenter Enteral Nutr, 19(3), 227-30.
  • Huynh, N.T. & Tayek, J.A. (2002). Oral arginine reduces systemic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: lts po- tential role in nitric oxide generation. J Am Coll Nutri, 21 (5),422-7.
  • lsidori,A., Monaco A.L. & Cappa, M. (1981). A study of growth hormone release in man after oral administra- tion of amino acids. Curr Med Re- search and Opinion, 7(7), 475 -481.
  • Juhn, M.S. & Tarnopolsky, M. (1998). Oral creatine supplementation and athle- tic performance:Acritical review. Clin J Sport Med, 8, 286 -297.
  • Kindig, C.A., McDonough, P., Erickson, H. H. & Poole, D.C. (2001). Effect of L- NAME on oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy-intensity exercise in the horse. JAppl Physiol, 91,891-96.
  • Kirk, S.J, Hurson, M., Regan, M.C., Holt, D.R., Wasserkrug, H.L. & Barbul, A. (1993).Arginine stimulates wound he- aling and immunefunction in elderly human beings. Surgery,114(2),155-9.
  • Lambert, M.I., Hefer, J.A., Millar, R.P. & Macfarlane, P.W. (1993). Failure of commercial oral amino acid supple- ments to increase serum growth hor- mone concentrations in male body- builders. lntJ Sport Nutr,3,298—305.
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  • Lin, W.T., Yang, S.C., Tsai, S.C., Huang, C.C. & Lee, N.Y. (2006). L-Arginine attenuates xanthine oxidase and m- yeloperoxidase activities in hearts of rats during exhaustive exercise. Brit J Nut, 95(1), 67-75.
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  • MaxweII,A.J., Ho, H.V., Le, C.Q., Lin, P.S., Bernstein,D. & Cooke, J.P.(2001). L- arginine enhances aerobic exercise capacity in association with augmen- ted nitric oxide production. J Appl Physiol,90, 933-938.
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  • Schaefer, A., Piquard, F., Geny, B., Doutreleau, S., Lampert, E., Mettauer, B. & Lonsdorfer, J. (2002). L-Arginine reduces exercise-induced increase in plasma lactate and am- monia. IntJ Sports Med, 23, 403—407.
  • Stamler, J.S. & Meissner, G. (2001). Phy- sio|ogy of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle. Physiol Rev, 81(1), 209-237.
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  • Wolinsky I. & Hickson J. F.. Boca Raton, CRC Press. Wu, G. & Morris, S.M. (1998). Arginine metabolism: Nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J, 336(1 ), 1-17.

ARJİNİN VE EGZERSİZ.

Yıl 2006, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 143 - 157, 01.06.2006

Öz

Performans sporcuları ve rekreasyonel spor yapan bireyler arasında ergojenik destek maddelerinin kullanımı her geçen gün daha da ya ygınlaşmaktadır. Aminoasitler ve bunların içinde de L-arjinin suplementleri sıklıkla başvurulan ergojenik destek maddeIerindendir. L-arjinin normal besin maddeleri içinde bolca bulunan şartlı bir esansiyel aminoasit olup nitrik oksit, kreatin, agmatin, poliaminler, omitin ve sitrülin oluşumu gibi birçok önemli metabolik yolda rol oynar. L-arjininin özellikle kardiyovasküler kökenli olmak üzere çeşitli hastalıklarda fiziksel performansı geliştirdiğine ilişkin çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Özellikle, nitrik oksit sentezi ve büyüme hormonu sekresyonu üzerine etkilerinden dolayı sporcular tarafından tercih edilen birsuplementtir ve esansiyel aminoasitleri/e biriikte alındığında protein sentezini artırdığı da bilinmektedir. Bütün bu özellikleri göz önüne alındığında sportif performansın gelişmesinde potansiyel etkilerinin olabileceği göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu derleme yazısının amacı L-arjinin suplementasyonunun egzersiz performansı üzerindeki olası etkileri ile ilgili literatürün incelenmesidir

Kaynakça

  • Ahrendt, D. (2001). Ergogenic Aids: Counseling the Athlete. Am Fam Physician, 63,913-22.
  • Alba-Roth, J., Muller, O.A., Schopohl, J. & Von Werder, K. (1998). Arginine stimulates growth hormone secretion by suppressing endogenous soma- tostatin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 67(6), 1186-9.
  • Anderson, S. & Raiten, D. (1992). Safety of amino acids used as dietary supp- lements: Life Sciences Research Office, FDA Contract No. 223-88- 2124.117-125.
  • Balon, T. & Nadler, J. (1994). Nitric oxide release is present from incubated skeletal muscle preparations. J Appl Physiol, 77, 2519-21.
  • Balon, T. & Nadler, J. (1997). Evidence that nitric oxide increases glucose transport in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol, 82, 359-363.
  • Barbul, A. (1986). "Arginine: Biochemistry, physiologY, and therapeutic implications." J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 10(2), 227-38.
  • Bednarz, B., Jaxa-Chamiec, T., Gebalska, J., Herbaczynska-Cedro, K. & Ceremuzynski, L. (2004). L-arginine supplementation prolongs duration of exercise in congestive heart failu- re. Pol HeartJ, 60(4), 348-53.
  • Bednarz,B.,Jaxa-Chamiec,T., Maciejewski, P., Szpajer, M., Janik, K., Gniot, J., Kawka-Urbanek,T. Drozdowska, D. Gessek, J. & Laskowski, H. (2005). Efficacy and safety of oral L-arginine in acute myo- cardial infarction. Results of multi- center randomized,doub|e- blind, p- lacebo-controlled ARAMI pilot trial. Kardiol Pol, 62,421-6
  • Boger, R.H. & Bode-Boger, S.M. (2001). The clinical pharmacology of L-arginine. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 41,79-99.
  • Bucci, L. (1993). Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise. Wolinsky, |. & Hickson, J.F (eds). Nutrition and the Strength Athlete, Boca Raton, CRC Press.
  • Buford, B.N. & Koch, A.J. (2004) Glycine- arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid improves performance of repeated cycling sprints. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 36. 583-587.
  • Burtscher, M., Brunner, F., Fathaber, M., Hotter, B. & Rudolf, L. (2005). The prolonged intake of L-arginine L- aspartate reduces blood lactate ac- cumulation and oxygen consumption during submaximal exercise. J Sport Sci Med,4,314-322.
  • Campbell, B., La Bounty, P. & Roberts, M. (2004). The Ergogenic Potential ofAr- ginine.JlntSocSport Nut, 1(2),35- 38.
  • Campbell, B., Roberts, M., B.S., Kerksick, C.& WiIborn, C. (2006). Pharmaco- kinetics, safety, and effects on exer- cise performance of L-arginine alfa- ketoglutarate in trained adult men. Nutrition,22 ,872-881.
  • Ceremuzynski,L. Chamiec,T. & Herbacynska-Cedro, K.(1997). Effect on supplemental oral L-arginine exer- cise capacity in patients with stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol, 80, 331-33.
  • Champe, P.C. & Harvey, R.A. (1994). Biochemistry, J.B. Lippincott Company: Philadelphia, Chen, J., Wollman, Y., Chernichovsky,T., Iaina, A., Sofer, M. & Matzkin, H. (1999). Effect of oral administration of high- dose nitric oxide donor L-arginine in men with organic erectile dysfunc- tion: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. BJU Int, 83(3), 269-73.
  • Cheng, J.W. & Balwin, SN. (2001). L- arginine in the management of car- diovascular diseases. Ann Pharma- cother, 35, 755-64.
  • Colombani, P.C., Bitzi, R., Frey-Rindova, P., Frey, W., Arnold,M., Langhans, W. & Wenk, C. (1999). Chronic arginine aspartate supplementation in runners reduces total plasma amino acid level at rest and during a marathon run. EurJ Nutr, 38,263-70.
  • Cooke, J.P.&Tsao, P.S. (1997). Arginine: A new therapy for atherosclerosis? Circulation,95,311-312.
  • Creager, M.A., Gallagher, S.J., Girerd, X.J., Coleman, S.M., Dzau, V.J. & Cooke, J.P. (1992). L-arginine im- proves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic humans. J Clin Invest, 90,1248-53.
  • Doutreleau, S., Mettauer, B., Piquard, F., Schaefer,A., Lonsdorfer,E., Richard, R. & Geny, B. (2005). Chronic but not acute oral L-arginine supplementati- on delays the ventilatory threshold during exercise in heart failure pati- ents. Can J Appl Physiol,30(4),419- 432.
  • Doutreleau, S., Mettauer, B., Piquard, F., Rouyer, O., Schaefer, A., Lonsdorfer, J. & Geny, B. (2006). Chronic L- argi- nine supplementation enhances en- durance exercise tolerance in heart failure patients. Int J Sports Med, 27(7),567—72.
  • Esplugues, J.V. (2002). NO as a signalling molecule in the nervous system. BritJ Pharmacol, 135, 1079- 1095.
  • Fisker, S., Nielsen, S., Ebdrup, L., Bech, J.N., Christiansen, J.S., Pedersen, E.B. & Jorgensen, J.O. (1999a). The role of nitric oxide in L-arginine stimu- lated growth hormone release. J En- docrinollnvest, 22, 89-93.
  • Fisker, S., Nielsen, S., Ebdrup, L., Bech, J.N., Christiansen, J.S., Pedersen, E. B. & Jorgensen, J.O. (1999 b). L-argi
  • nine-induced growth hormone sec- retion is not inşuenced by coinfusion of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-monomethyI-L-arginine in healthy men. Growth Horm IGF Res 9, 69-73.
  • F|ako||,P.,Sharp,R.,Baier,S.,Levenhagen, D., Carr, C. & Nissen,S.(2004). Effect of beta-hyd roxy-betamethylbutyrate, arginine, and Iysine supplementation on strength, functionality, body com- position, and protein metabolism in- elderly women. Nutrition, 20,445-51.
  • Giugliano, D., Marfella, R., Verrazzo, G., Acampora,R.,Coppola,L.&Cozzolino D.(1997). The vascular effects of L- arginine in humans. J Clin lnvest,99, 433-438.
  • Green, S.J., Mellouk,S. & Hoffman, S.L. (1990).Cellular mechanisms of non- speciŞc immunity to intracellular in- fection: cytokine induced synthesis of toxic nitrogen oxides from L-arginine by macrophages and hepatocytes. lmmunolLett,25(1-3),15-9.
  • Gremion,G., Palud,P. &Gobelet,C. (1989). Arginine aspartate and muscular acti- vity. Partll. SchweizerZeitschrift fiir Sportmedizin, 37, 241-246.
  • Hurson, M., Regan M.C., Kirk, S.J., Wasserkrug, H.L. & Barbul, A. (1995). Metabolic effects of arginine in a healthy elderly population. J parenter Enteral Nutr, 19(3), 227-30.
  • Huynh, N.T. & Tayek, J.A. (2002). Oral arginine reduces systemic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: lts po- tential role in nitric oxide generation. J Am Coll Nutri, 21 (5),422-7.
  • lsidori,A., Monaco A.L. & Cappa, M. (1981). A study of growth hormone release in man after oral administra- tion of amino acids. Curr Med Re- search and Opinion, 7(7), 475 -481.
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  • Kirk, S.J, Hurson, M., Regan, M.C., Holt, D.R., Wasserkrug, H.L. & Barbul, A. (1993).Arginine stimulates wound he- aling and immunefunction in elderly human beings. Surgery,114(2),155-9.
  • Lambert, M.I., Hefer, J.A., Millar, R.P. & Macfarlane, P.W. (1993). Failure of commercial oral amino acid supple- ments to increase serum growth hor- mone concentrations in male body- builders. lntJ Sport Nutr,3,298—305.
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  • Lin, W.T., Yang, S.C., Tsai, S.C., Huang, C.C. & Lee, N.Y. (2006). L-Arginine attenuates xanthine oxidase and m- yeloperoxidase activities in hearts of rats during exhaustive exercise. Brit J Nut, 95(1), 67-75.
  • Maccario, M., Procopio, M., Loche, S., Cappa, M., Martina, V., Camanni, F. & Ghigo, E. (1994). Interaction of free fatty acids and arginine on growth hormone secretion in man. Metabo- Iism, 43, 223-226.
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  • MaxweII,A.J., Ho, H.V., Le, C.Q., Lin, P.S., Bernstein,D. & Cooke, J.P.(2001). L- arginine enhances aerobic exercise capacity in association with augmen- ted nitric oxide production. J Appl Physiol,90, 933-938.
  • Merimee, T.J., Rabinowitz, D., Riggs, L., Burgess, J.A., Rimoin, D. L. & Mc Kusick, V.A. (1967). Plasma g rowth hormone after arginine infusion. Cli- nicalexperiences.N Engl J M e d , 276, 434 - 439.
  • Merimee, T.J., Rabinowitz, D. & Fineberg, S.E. (1969).Arginine-initiated release of human growth hormone:factors modifying the response in normal man. N Engl J Med, 280,1434—1438.
  • Mills, P.C., Marlin, D.J., Scott, C.M. & Smith, NO. (1999). Metabolic effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition dur- ing exercise in the horse. Res Vet Sci, 66,135-138.
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  • Morris, C. R., Morris, S.M., Hagar, W., Van Warmerdam J., Claster, S., Kepka - Lenhart, D., Machado, L., Kuypers,F. A. & Vichinsky, E.P. (2003). Arginine therapy: A new therapy for pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease? Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 168(1), 63-69.
  • Mühling, J., Fuchs, M., Fleck, C., Sablotzki,A., KrüII, M., Dehne, M.G., Gonter, J., Weiss, S., Engel, J. & Hempelmann, G. (2002). Effects of arginine, L- alanyl L-glutamine ortau- rine on neutrophil (PMN) free amino acid profiles and immune functions in vitro. AminoAcids, 22(1),39-53.
  • Nagaya, N., Uematsu, M., Oya, H., Sato N, Sakamaki, F., Kyotani, S., Ueno, K., Nakanishi, N., Ymagishi, M. & Miyatake, K. (2001). Short-term oral administration of L-arginine improves hemodynamics and exercise capa- cityin patients with precapillary pul- monary hypertension. Am J Res-pir Crit Care Med, 163, 887-91.
  • Nielsen, H.B., Clemmesen, J.O., Skak, C., Ott, P. & Scher, N.H. (2002). Attenu- ated hepatosplanchnic uptake of lac- tate during intense exercise in hu- mans. J Appl Physiol, 92(4),1677- 1683.
  • Oomen, C.M., van Erk, M.J., Feskens, E.J., Kok, F.J. & Kromhout, D. (2000). Arginine intake and riskof co ro na ry heart disease mortality in elderly men.ArterioscIer Thromb V a s c Biol,20(9), 2134-2139.
  • Paddon-Jones, D., Borsheim, E. & Wolfe, R.R.(2004). Potential ergogenic ef- fects of arginine and creatine supp- Iementation.J Nutr, 134,28888 2894S.
  • Palmer, J.P., Walter, R.M. & Ensinck, J.W. (1975). Arginine-stimulated acute phase of insulin and glucagon sec- retion. l. in normal man. Diabetes, 24,735-740.
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  • Reid, MB. (1998). Role of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle: synthesis, distri- bution and functional importance. Acta Physiol Scan, 162, 401-409.
  • Reiser, P.J., Kline, W.O. & Vaghy, P.L. (1997). Induction of neuronal type nitric oxide synthase in skeletal muscle by chronic electrical stimu- Iation in vivo. J Appl Physiol, 82, 1250-1255
  • Saitoh, S., & Suzuki, M. (1986). Nutritional design for repletion of liver and muscle glycogen during endurance exercise without inhibiting lipolysis. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 32, 343 - 353.
  • Sales, R.P., César Miné, C.E., Franco, A. D. & Rodrigues, EL. (2005). Effects of the acute arginine aspartate supp- lement on the muscular fatigue in trained volunteers, Rev Bras Med Esporte, 11(6), 347-351.
  • Santos, R.S., Pacheco, M.T., Martins, R., ViIIaverde, A.B., Giana, H.E., Baptista, F. & Zangaro, R.A. (2002). Study of the effect of oral adminis- tration of L-arginine on muscular per- formance in healthy volunteers: an isokinetic study. Isokinet Exerc Sci, 10,153-8.
  • Schaefer, A., Piquard, F., Geny, B., Doutreleau, S., Lampert, E., Mettauer, B. & Lonsdorfer, J. (2002). L-Arginine reduces exercise-induced increase in plasma lactate and am- monia. IntJ Sports Med, 23, 403—407.
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  • Suminski, R.R. (1997). Acute effect of amino acid ingestion and resistance exercise on plasma growth hormone concentrations in young men. Int J Sport Nutr, 7(1), 48-60.
  • Swanson, B., Keithley, J.K., Zeller, J.M. & Sha, B.E. (2002). A pilot study of the safety and efŞcacy of supplemental arginineto enhance immune functi- on in persons with HIV/AIDS. Nutrition, 18(7—8), 688-690.
  • Tachibana, K., Mukai, K. Hiraoka, I., Moriguchi, S., Takama, S. & Kishino, Y. (1985). Evaluation of the effect of arginine-enriched amino acid solu- tion on tumor growth. J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 9(4), 428-434.
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  • Tong, B.& Barbul, A. (2004). Cellular and Physiological Effects of Arginine. Mini-Rev Med Chem, 4, 823-832.
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  • Visek, W.J. (1986). Arginine needs phy- siological state and usual diets: A reevaluation. J Nutr, 116, 36-46.
  • Volek J.S., Duncan N.D., Mazzetti S. A. & Putukian M.(1999). Performance and muscle Şber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistan- ce training. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31,1147-1156.
  • Volpi, E., Kobayashi, H., ShefŞeld-Moore, M., Mittendorfer, B. & Wolfe, R.R. (2003) Essential amino acids stimu- latemuscleprotein anabolism in healthy older adults regardless of the presence of non-essential amino a- cids. Am J Clin Nutr, 78, 250-258.
  • Walberg-Rankin, J., Hawkins, C., Fild, D. & Sebolt, D. (1994). The effect of oral
  • arginine during energy restriction in male weight trainers. J Strength Cond Res, 8(3), 170-177.
  • Walker, J.B. (1979). Creatine:biosynthe- sis, regulation, and function. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol, 50, 177-242.
  • Weidenbach, H., Nussler, A.K., Shu, Z., Adler, G. & Beckh, K. (1997). Nitric oxide formation lowers norepine- phrine-induced intrahepatic resistan- cewithout major effects on the me- tabolism in the perfused rat liver. Hepatology, 26(1), 147-54.
  • Wells, B.J., Mainous, A.G. & Everett, C.J. (2005) Association between dietary arginine and C-reactive protein. Nut- rition,121(2),125-130.
  • Wolin, M.S., Hintze, T.H., Shen, W., Mohazzab-H, K.M.& Xie,Y.W. (1997). Involvement of reactive oxygen and nitrogenspeciesin signaling mec- hanisms that control tissue respira- tion in muscle. Biochemical So- ciety Transactions, 25(3), 934-39.
  • Wolinsky, I. & Hickson, J.F. (1998). Nutrition in Exercise and Sport, Second Edition. Nutrition and the StrengthAthlete,
  • Wolinsky I. & Hickson J. F.. Boca Raton, CRC Press. Wu, G. & Morris, S.M. (1998). Arginine metabolism: Nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J, 336(1 ), 1-17.
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hasan Ulaş Yavuz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2006
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2006 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavuz, H. U. (2006). ARJİNİN VE EGZERSİZ. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(3), 143-157. https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.171463

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