Yere İniş Hareketinin Kinetik Analizi: Voleybol Oyuncuları ve Sedanter Katılımcıların Karşılaştırması

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 1 - 14, 26.04.2018

Ugur Yılmaz Hüseyin Çelik Çelik Pinar Arpınar Avşar

https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.337401

Öz

Bu çalışmada yere iniş ve sıçrama
hareketlerine yatkın olan ve olmayan kişilerin, yere iniş kinetiği ve postüral
stabilite performansları incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya voleybol oyuncuları (n=6)
ve sedanter üniversite öğrencilerinden (n=6) oluşan 12 sağlıklı, genç
kadın gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Yüksekten kuvvet platformu üzerine çift ayak
ile iniş sonrası 20 s sakin duruş denemelerine ait yer tepki kuvvetleri
büyüklük ve zamansal yapısı analiz edilmiş, dinamik ve statik postüral
stabilite performansları belirlenmiştir. Yere temas anı, yer tepki kuvveti
dikey bileşeni (DYTK) pik değeri (DYTK_pik) ve bu değere ulaşılan
süre (t_pik) yükleme hızının (YH) hesaplanmasında kullanılmıştır.
Yere temas anı ile DYTK’nın 1 vücut ağırlığına eşit olduğu ana kadar geçen süre
(t_DS:dinamik postüral stabilite süresi) belirlenmiş, sakin duruş
safhasında (t_SS:statik postüral stabilite periyodu) basınç merkezi
(COP) değişimlerinden COP Hızı (COP_Hız), COP Elips Alanı (EA) ve COP
Değişim Aralığı (DA) hesaplanmıştır. DYTK_pik, dinamik ve statik
postüral stabilite değişkenlerinin gruplar arası karşılaştırmasında
Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Voleybolcu grupta DYTK_pik (p=0.015)
ve YH (p=0.004) değerleri daha düşük, t_DS (p=0.001)
süresi ise daha uzun ve iki grup arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı bulunmuştur. DYTK_pik ve YH değerleri arttıkça t_DS’nin
artış eğiliminde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Spearman sıra korelasyon analizi
sonuçlarına göre t_DS ile DYTK_pik (r_s=-0.461,
p<0.001) ve YH (r_s=-0.276, p<0.001) arasında sırasıyla orta ve
zayıf düzeyde negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. Sakin duruşta COP değişimleri ile
ilişkili parametrelerde ise gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık gözlenmemiştir.
Sedanter grupta EA ve DA değerleri bir miktar yüksek, COP_Hız
değerleri ise düşük bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları, kas-iskelet sistemi
yaralanmaları ve gruplar arasındaki postüral stabilite performanslarındaki
farklılıklar ile ilişkili olabilecek, harekete yatkınlığa bağlı postüral
kontrol stratejilerine dair bilgi sunmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yere İniş Kinetiği, Yer Tepki Kuvvetleri, Basınç Merkezi, Postural Stabilite

Kinetic Analysis of Drop Landing: Comparison of Volleyball Players and Novice Subjects

Öz

This
study investigates landing kinetics and postural stability of skilled
volleyball players (n=6) and novice subjects (n=6). 12 healthy
young females voluntarily participated in the study. The amplitude and temporal
profile of the ground reaction forces (GRFs) which correspond to double-leg
landing from a drop and subsequent 20-s quiet stance were analyzed. Dynamic and
static postural stability performances were determined. Contact time (t₀),
maximal vertical GRF (VGRF_max), time to VGRF_max (t_max)
and Loading Rate (LR) were calculated. The time that elapsed from t₀
until the VGRF reaches to one body weight was determined (t_DS:dynamic
postural stability duration). Center of Pressure (COP) Velocity (COP_V),
Ellipse Area (EA), and Range were calculated from the COP trajectory during the
quiet stance phase (t_SS:static postural stability period). Mann
Whitney U test was used to compare VGRF_max, dynamic and static
postural stability between groups. Whereas, VGRF_max (p=0.015)
and LR (p=0.004) were found to be lower, t_DS (p=0.001)
took longer in volleyball players. The differences between groups were
statistically significant. There was a tendency to increase in t_DS
with the increase in VGRF_max and LR. Spearman rank correlation analysis
revealed a moderate and a weak negative correlation between t_DS with
both VGRF_max (r_s=-0.461, p<0.001) and LR (r_s=-0.276, p<0.001)
respectively. COP parameters for quiet stance were not significantly different
between groups. Contrary to COP_V, COP EA and Range were slightly
higher in the novice group. The results of this study provide further insight
into postural control strategies in skilled and novice subjects which might be
related with vulnerability to potential musculoskeletal injuries and differences
in postural stability performances.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Landing Kinetics, Ground Reaction Forces, Center of Pressure

Kaynakça

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