Futbolda Penaltı Vuruşunun Kinematiği: Kaleci ve Hedef Faktörünün Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 25 - 38, 31.05.2019

Asım Tunçel Erbil Harbili Serdar Arıtan

https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.445220

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı kaleci faktörünün futbolda penaltı vuruşunun kinematikleri üzerine etkilerini incelemekti. Araştırmaya profesyonel futbol oynamış 1 kaleci ve 5 futbolcu gönüllü olarak katıldı. Kale üzerinde belirlenmiş hedeflere kalede kaleci varken (kalecili) ve yokken (kalecisiz) yapılan isabetli vuruşlar incelendi. Kalecili ve kalecisiz vuruşlar ile temas öncesi ve sonrası arasındaki kinematik farklılıklar tekrarlayan ölçümlerde varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile karşılaştırıldı. Antropometrik noktaların hızları kalecili ve kalecisiz vuruşlarda farklılık göstermezken, hedeflere göre anlamlı farklılıklar göstermiştir (p<.05). Kalecisiz sağ üst köşeye yapılan vuruşlarda topun yana (Z ekseni) hızının kalecili vuruşa göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<.05). Kalça eklemi hariç tüm antropometrik noktaların top temas öncesi ve sonrası hızlarında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<.05). Alt bacak ve ayak üyelerinin kütle merkezlerinin doğrusal hızlarında hedef faktörlerine göre anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<.05). Alt bacak ve ayak üyeleri kütle merkezlerinin topa temas öncesi öne doğrusal hızı topa temas sonrasından yüksek bulunmuştur. Diz ve ayak bileği eklem
açıları ve açısal hızlarının kalecili ve kalecisiz vuruşlarda hedef faktörlerine göre anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<.05).
Sonuç olarak kalede kaleci olmasının penaltı vuruşunun kinematiğini etkilemediği, buna karşın hedefin topa vuruş kinematiği üzerinde önemli bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyomekanik, Ayak içi vuruş, Hedef

Kinematic Analysis of Penalty Kick in Soccer: Effect of Goalkeeper and Target Factor

Öz

The purpose of the study was
to examine the effects of goalkeeper factor on the kinematics of the penalty
kicking in soccer. Five professional players and one goalkeeper voluntarily
participated in the study. Accurate penalty shots to fixed targets without and
with goalkeeper in goalpost were analysed. Differences between penalty shots
performed without and with goalkeeper were compared using a repeated measures
analysis of variance (ANOVA). Although no significant difference was found in
velocity of anthropometric landmarks for penalty shots with or without
goalkeeper, significant differences were found with regard to targets
(p<.05). The linear horizontal velocity of the ball (Z axis) were
significantly greater in penalty shots to right top corner without goalkeeper
than that of right top corner with goalkeeper (p<.05). The linear velocities
of anthropometric landmarks except hip were found to be significantly different
when before and after contact were evaluated. Significant differences were
found with regard to target factor in linear velocity of the center of mass of
lower leg and foot (p<.05). The forward linear velocity of the center of
mass of lower leg and foot was significantly greater before contact than after
contact (p<.05). Knee and ankle joint angles and angular velocities were
found to change significantly due to target (p<.05). Consequently, it was
revealed that the kinematics of penalty kicking was not affected by existence
of the goalkeeper in goalpoast, however, the target of the kick resulted in a
significant change in the kinematics of the penalty kicking.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biomechanics, Instep kicking, Target

Kaynakça

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