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60 Yaş Üstü Bireylerin Yaşam Doyumu, Sağlık Algısı ve Boş Zaman Etkinliği Tercihlerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 06.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.793415

Öz

İçinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılda dünyayı kasıp kavuran Covid-19 pandemisi nedeniyle sosyal ilişkilerin tekrar gözden geçirildiği, belli yaş grupları için sokağa çıkma yasaklarının uygulandığı ve yüz yüze iletişimin, kolektif davranışların sorgulandığı bu süreçten en çok etkilenen ve ne yapması ya da ne yapmaması en çok tartışılan grup şüphesiz 65 yaş üstü bireyler olmuştur. Pandemi sürecinden önce verileri toplanan bu araştırmanın amacı, 60 yaş üstü bireylerin katıldıkları boş zaman etkinlik türleriyle yaşam doyumu ve sağlık algısı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın evrenini Mersin'de yaşayan 60 yaş ve üzeri bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya bu evrenden amaçsal örneklem metoduyla seçilen toplam 391 kişi katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği” ve “Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği”nin yanı sıra katılımcıların boş zaman etkinlik türlerine katılım sıklığını belirlemek için 6 farklı etkinlik türünü içeren “Boş Zaman Etkinlik Türü Anketi” kullanılmıştır. Yaşam doyumu, sağlık algısı ve boş zaman etkinlik türü ilgisi arasında istatistiksel olarak bir ilişki olup olmadığını belirlemek amacı ile de Spearman sıra farkları korelasyon analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda; 60 yaş üstü bireylerin tercih ettikleri boş zaman etkinlik türü “ev merkezli sosyal etkinlikler” ile “kültürel ve eğlence içerikli etkinlikler” iken en az tercih edilen etkinlik “fiziksel etkinlikler” ile ‘’gönüllülük ve sosyal sorumluluk etkinlikleridir’’. 60 yaş üstü erkeklerde yaşam doyumu ile boş zaman etkinlik türü arasındaki en yüksek ilişki gönüllülük ve sosyal sorumluluk etkinlikleri (r=0.206) arasında iken 60 yaş üstü kadınlarda kültürel ve eğlence içerikli etkinlikler (r=0.286) arasındadır. Sağlık algısı ile arasında en yüksek ilişki olan boş zaman etkinliği ise kadınlarda (r=0.413) ve erkeklerde (r=0.418) “hobiler ve iç mekân etkinlikleri” olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır.

Teşekkür

Araştırmamıza katılarak bilime destek veren tüm katılımcılara teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Akdemir, N. (2008). Yaşlı istismarı ve ihmali. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 68-75.
  • 2. Apak, E., ve Yıldız, R. (2018). Yaşlılarda etkinlik düzeyi ile yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişki: Bingöl ili örneği. Sosyal Sermaye Kaybı Yayınları, 133-160.
  • 3. Ardahan. M., Balyac, Ö.E., ve Genç, A. (2012). Yaşlıların algıladıkları aile desteğinin yaşam doyumlarına etkisi. Sürekli Tıp Eğitim Dergisi, 21(2), 61-69.
  • 4. Argan, M., Paki̇ş, Ş., Kesi̇m, Ü., Tokay Argan, M. (2020). Flow in home-based leisure during the COVID-19 lockdown: A case study for people aged 65 and over in Turkey. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 4(1), 5-17.
  • 5. Aydın, İ., ve Tütüncü, Ö. (2017). Yaşlılık ve rekreasyon. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 28(2), 315-321.
  • 6. Baiyewu, O., ve Jedege, O. (1992). Life satisfaction in eldery Nigerians: Reliablity and factor composition of the life satisfaction index z. Age and Ageing, 21(4), 256-261. doi: 10.1093/ageing/21.4.256
  • 7. Beğer, T., ve Yavuzer, H. (2012). Yaşlılık ve yaşlılık epidemiyolojisi. Klinik gelişim, 25(3), 1-3.
  • 8. Berg, A.I., Hassing, L.B., McClearn, G.E., ve Johansson, B. (2006). What matters for life satisfaction in the oldest-old?. Aging and Mental Health, 10(3), 257-264.
  • 9. Bláfoss, R., Mıchelettı, J.K., Sundstrup, E., Jakobsen, M.D., Bay, H., ve Andersen, L.L. (2019). Is fatigue after work a barrier for leisure-time physical activity? Cross-sectional study among 10,000 adults from the general working population. Scandinavian journal of public health, 47(3), 383-391.
  • 10. Brown, B.A., Frankel, B.G., ve Fennell, M. (1991). Happiness through leisure: The impact of type of leisure activity, age, gender and leisure satisfaction on psychological well-being. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 16(4), 368-392.
  • 11. Cho, D., Post, J., ve Kim, K. (2017). Comparison of passive and active leisure activities and life satisfaction with aging. Geriatrics Gerontology International, 18(3), 380–386.
  • 12. Chou, K.L., Chi, I., ve Chow, N.W.S. (2004). Sources of income and depression in elderly Hong Kong Chinese: mediating and moderating effects of social support and financial strain. Aging & Mental Health, 8(3), 212-221.
  • 13. Chun, S., Lee, Y., Kim, B., ve Heo, J. (2012). The contribution of leisure participation and leisure satisfaction to stressrelated growth. Leisure Sciences, 34, 436–449.
  • 14. Çetin, S.Y., Kara, İ., ve Kitiş, A. (2014). Evde yaşayan yaşlılarda sosyal katılımı etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 2(1), 11–20.
  • 15. Dağlı, A., ve Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam doyumu ölçeğinin Türkçe’ ye uyarlanması: geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59).
  • 16. Diamond, J.J., Becker, J.A., Arenson, C.A., Chambers, C.V., ve Rosenthal, M.P. (2007). Development of a scale to measure adults’ perceptions of health: priliminary findings. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(5), 557-61.
  • 17. Diener, E.D., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., ve Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • 18. Dos Santos, V.R., ve Gobbo, L.A. (2020). Physical activity is associated with functional capacity of older women with osteosarcopenic obesity: 24-month prospective study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(6), 912-919.
  • 19. Dupuis, S.L., ve Smale, B. (1995). An examination of the relationship between psychological wellbeing and depression and leisure activity participation among older adults. Society and Leisure, 18, 67–92.
  • 20. Erbaş, Ü., Gümüş, H., ve Talaghir, L. (2021). Leisure and Recreation Activities for Disabled People. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 4(1), 1-7. DOI: 10.33438/ijdshs.732891
  • 21. Fraenkel, J.R., Wallen, N.E., ve Hyun, H. (2018). How to design and evaluate research in education (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • 22. Gümüş, H., Ayna, Ç., ve Yıldırım, İ. (2018). Reviewing attitudes of women towards leisure activities in terms of different variables. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 20(3), 224-229. DOI: 10.15314/tsed.491629
  • 23. Greenfield, E.A., ve Marks, N.F. (2004). Formal volunteering as a protective factor for older adults’ psychological wellbeing. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59(5), 258–264.
  • 24. Hamrik, Z., Bobakova, D.F., Kalman, M., ve Sigmund, E. (2012). Sedentary lifestyle and passive leisure in Czech school-aged children. Předloženo v dubnu, 35(1), 28-39.
  • 25. Hoglund, M.W., Sadovsky, R., ve Classie, J. (2009). Engagement in life activities promotes healthy aging in men. Journal of Men’s Health, 6(4), 354–365.
  • 26. Kadıoğlu, H., ve Yıldız, A. (2009, Ekim 20-24). Sağlık algısı ölçeği’nin Türkçe çevriminin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği [Konferans Bildiri Sunumu]. 12. Ulusal Hemşirelik Kongresi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • 27. Kleiber, D., ve Nimrod, G. (2008). Expressions of generativity and civic engagement in a ‘learning in retirement’ group. Journal of Adult Development, 15, 76–86.
  • 28. Koçak, Y., Tukul, U., Tolan, B., Gümüş, H., ve Tolukan, E. (2017). Analysis of expectations and perceptions of the customers in sports and healthy life centers for service quality (sample of afyonkarahisar province). International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 1(1), 38-46. DOI: 10.46463/ijrss.368384.
  • 29. Kurtkapan, H. (2018). Aktif yaşlılık ve yerel yönetim uygulamaları: İstanbul örneği. Senex: Yaşlılık Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 38-52.
  • 30. Litwin, H. (2000). Social network and well-being: An empirical examination. Canadian Journal on Aging, 19(3), 343-362.
  • 31. Mannell, R.C. (1999). Older adults, leisure, and wellness. Journal of Leisurability, 26(2), 3-10.
  • 32. Massie, A.S., ve Meisner, B.A. (2019). Perceptions of aging and experiences of ageism as constraining factors of moderate to vigorous leisure-time physical activity in later life. Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure, 42(1), 24-42.
  • 33. Mellor, D., Stokes, M., Firth, L., Hayashi, Y., ve Cummins, R. (2008). Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(3), 213–218.
  • 34. Minhat, H.S., ve Amin, R.M. (2012). Sociodemographic determinants of leisure participation among elderly in Malaysia. Journal of Community Health 37(4), 840–847.
  • 35. Moody, H.R., ve Sasser, J.R. (2012). Aging: Concepts and controversies. Los Angeles: Sage.
  • 36. Murphy, H. (2003). Exploring leisure and psychological health and wellbeing: some problematic ıssues in the case of Northern Ireland. Leisure Studies, 22(1), 37–50.
  • 37. Peppers, L.G. (1976). Patterns of leisure and adjustment to retirement. The Gerontologist, 16(5), 441-446.
  • 38. Ragheb, M.G. (1980). Interrelationships among leisure participation, leisure satisfaction and leisure attitudes. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(2), 138-149.
  • 39. Ryu, J., ve Heo, J. (2017). Relationships between leisure activity types and well-being in older adults. Leisure Studies, 37(3), 331-342.
  • 40. Saint-Maurice, P.F., Coughlan, D., ve Kelly, S.P. (2019). Association of leisure-time physical activity across the adult life course with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Netw Open, 2(3), e190355.
  • 41. Sharp, A., ve Mannell, R.C. (1996). Participation in leisure as a coping strategy among bereaved women. In D. Dawson (eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth Canadian Congress on Leisure Research (pp 241-144). Ottawa.
  • 42. Stanis, S.A.W., Schneider, I.E., Chavez, D.J., Shinew, K.J. (2009). Visitor constraints to physical activity in park and recreation areas: difirences by race and ethnicity. Journal of Park And Recreation Administration, 27(3), 78-95.
  • 43. Strain, L.A., Grabusic, C.C., Searle, M.S., ve Dunn, N.J. (2002). Continuing and ceasing leisure activities in later life: a longitudinal study. The Gerontologist, 42(2), 217–23.
  • 44. Swami, V., Chamorro Premuzic, T., Sinniah, D., Maniam, T., Kannan, K., Stanistreet, D., ve diğ. (2007). General health mediates the relationship between loneliness, life satisfaction and depression. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(2), 161- 166.
  • 45. Sweeny, K., Rankin, K., Cheng, X., Hou, L., Long, F., Meng, Y., ve diğ. (2020). Flow in the time of COVID-19: Findings from China. PLoS One, 15(11), e0242043.
  • 46. Tabachnick, B.G., ve Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson.
  • 47. Teki̇ndal, M., Ege, A., Eri̇m, F., ve Gedi̇k, T. (2020). Sosyal hizmet bakış açısıyla covıd-19 sürecinde yaşlı bireyler: sorunlar, ihtiyaçlar ve öneriler. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 159-164.
  • 48. Tinsley, H.E.A., Teaff, J.D., Colbs, S.L., ve Kaufman, N. (1985). A system of classifying leisure activities in terms of the psychological benefits of participation reported by older person. Journal of Gerontology, 40(2), 172-178.
  • 49. Uyanık, Y. (2017). Yaşlılık, yaşlanan nüfus ve sosyal politika. İş ve Hayat Dergisi, 3(5), 67-100.
  • 50. Vancampfort, D., Ashdown-Franks, G., Smith, L., Firth, J., Van Damme, T., Christiaansen, L., ve Koyanagi, A. (2019). Leisure-time sedentary behavior and loneliness among adolescents aged 12–15 years from 52 low-and middle-income countries. Journal of affective disorders, 251, 149-155. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.076
  • 51. Yağmur, R., Eroğlu, O., Ayna, Ç., Iconomescu, T. (2020). Parks and recreation areas for physical activity: Barriers and ıncentives. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 4(1), 28-36. DOI: 10.46463/ijrss.806151
  • 52. Zuzanek, J., ve Box, S.J. (1988). Life course and the daily lives of older adults in Canada. In K. Altergott (Eds.), Daily life in later life: Comparative perspectives (s.147-185). London: Sage Publications.

Investigation of Life Satisfaction, Health Perception and Leisure Activity Preferences of Individuals Over 60 Years of Age

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 06.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.793415

Öz

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that swept the world in the current century, social relations were reviewed, curfews were imposed for certain age groups, and face to face communication and collective behaviors were questioned, and what to do or not to do is the most discussed group, undoubtedly, there have been individuals over the age of 65. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between leisure activity types and life satisfaction and health perception in individuals over sixty years old. The population of the study consists of individuals aged sixty and over living in Mersin. A total of 391 volunteers were selected from this population using a purposive sampling method. As a data collection tool in research; Life Satisfaction Scale and Health Perception Scale was used in this research. To determine the frequency of participation of the participants in the leisure activity types, a leisure activity type questionnaire including six different activity types was used. Spearman Correlation Analysis Technique was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant relationship between life satisfaction, health perception and leisure time interest and the error margin was taken as 0,05 for all analyzes. As a result of the analysis; While the leisure activity types preferred by the elderly are “home-centered social activities” and “cultural and entertainment activities”, the least preferred activity is “physical activities” and “volunteering and social responsibility activities”. The highest relationship between life satisfaction and leisure activity type in elderly men is between volunteering and social responsibility activities (r = 0.206), while it is between cultural and recreational activities (r = 0.286) for elderly women. Leisure activity, which has the highest relationship with perception of health, was found to be hobbies and indoor activities in both women (r = 0.413) and men (r = 0.418).

Kaynakça

  • 1. Akdemir, N. (2008). Yaşlı istismarı ve ihmali. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 68-75.
  • 2. Apak, E., ve Yıldız, R. (2018). Yaşlılarda etkinlik düzeyi ile yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişki: Bingöl ili örneği. Sosyal Sermaye Kaybı Yayınları, 133-160.
  • 3. Ardahan. M., Balyac, Ö.E., ve Genç, A. (2012). Yaşlıların algıladıkları aile desteğinin yaşam doyumlarına etkisi. Sürekli Tıp Eğitim Dergisi, 21(2), 61-69.
  • 4. Argan, M., Paki̇ş, Ş., Kesi̇m, Ü., Tokay Argan, M. (2020). Flow in home-based leisure during the COVID-19 lockdown: A case study for people aged 65 and over in Turkey. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 4(1), 5-17.
  • 5. Aydın, İ., ve Tütüncü, Ö. (2017). Yaşlılık ve rekreasyon. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 28(2), 315-321.
  • 6. Baiyewu, O., ve Jedege, O. (1992). Life satisfaction in eldery Nigerians: Reliablity and factor composition of the life satisfaction index z. Age and Ageing, 21(4), 256-261. doi: 10.1093/ageing/21.4.256
  • 7. Beğer, T., ve Yavuzer, H. (2012). Yaşlılık ve yaşlılık epidemiyolojisi. Klinik gelişim, 25(3), 1-3.
  • 8. Berg, A.I., Hassing, L.B., McClearn, G.E., ve Johansson, B. (2006). What matters for life satisfaction in the oldest-old?. Aging and Mental Health, 10(3), 257-264.
  • 9. Bláfoss, R., Mıchelettı, J.K., Sundstrup, E., Jakobsen, M.D., Bay, H., ve Andersen, L.L. (2019). Is fatigue after work a barrier for leisure-time physical activity? Cross-sectional study among 10,000 adults from the general working population. Scandinavian journal of public health, 47(3), 383-391.
  • 10. Brown, B.A., Frankel, B.G., ve Fennell, M. (1991). Happiness through leisure: The impact of type of leisure activity, age, gender and leisure satisfaction on psychological well-being. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 16(4), 368-392.
  • 11. Cho, D., Post, J., ve Kim, K. (2017). Comparison of passive and active leisure activities and life satisfaction with aging. Geriatrics Gerontology International, 18(3), 380–386.
  • 12. Chou, K.L., Chi, I., ve Chow, N.W.S. (2004). Sources of income and depression in elderly Hong Kong Chinese: mediating and moderating effects of social support and financial strain. Aging & Mental Health, 8(3), 212-221.
  • 13. Chun, S., Lee, Y., Kim, B., ve Heo, J. (2012). The contribution of leisure participation and leisure satisfaction to stressrelated growth. Leisure Sciences, 34, 436–449.
  • 14. Çetin, S.Y., Kara, İ., ve Kitiş, A. (2014). Evde yaşayan yaşlılarda sosyal katılımı etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 2(1), 11–20.
  • 15. Dağlı, A., ve Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam doyumu ölçeğinin Türkçe’ ye uyarlanması: geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59).
  • 16. Diamond, J.J., Becker, J.A., Arenson, C.A., Chambers, C.V., ve Rosenthal, M.P. (2007). Development of a scale to measure adults’ perceptions of health: priliminary findings. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(5), 557-61.
  • 17. Diener, E.D., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., ve Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • 18. Dos Santos, V.R., ve Gobbo, L.A. (2020). Physical activity is associated with functional capacity of older women with osteosarcopenic obesity: 24-month prospective study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(6), 912-919.
  • 19. Dupuis, S.L., ve Smale, B. (1995). An examination of the relationship between psychological wellbeing and depression and leisure activity participation among older adults. Society and Leisure, 18, 67–92.
  • 20. Erbaş, Ü., Gümüş, H., ve Talaghir, L. (2021). Leisure and Recreation Activities for Disabled People. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 4(1), 1-7. DOI: 10.33438/ijdshs.732891
  • 21. Fraenkel, J.R., Wallen, N.E., ve Hyun, H. (2018). How to design and evaluate research in education (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • 22. Gümüş, H., Ayna, Ç., ve Yıldırım, İ. (2018). Reviewing attitudes of women towards leisure activities in terms of different variables. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 20(3), 224-229. DOI: 10.15314/tsed.491629
  • 23. Greenfield, E.A., ve Marks, N.F. (2004). Formal volunteering as a protective factor for older adults’ psychological wellbeing. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59(5), 258–264.
  • 24. Hamrik, Z., Bobakova, D.F., Kalman, M., ve Sigmund, E. (2012). Sedentary lifestyle and passive leisure in Czech school-aged children. Předloženo v dubnu, 35(1), 28-39.
  • 25. Hoglund, M.W., Sadovsky, R., ve Classie, J. (2009). Engagement in life activities promotes healthy aging in men. Journal of Men’s Health, 6(4), 354–365.
  • 26. Kadıoğlu, H., ve Yıldız, A. (2009, Ekim 20-24). Sağlık algısı ölçeği’nin Türkçe çevriminin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği [Konferans Bildiri Sunumu]. 12. Ulusal Hemşirelik Kongresi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • 27. Kleiber, D., ve Nimrod, G. (2008). Expressions of generativity and civic engagement in a ‘learning in retirement’ group. Journal of Adult Development, 15, 76–86.
  • 28. Koçak, Y., Tukul, U., Tolan, B., Gümüş, H., ve Tolukan, E. (2017). Analysis of expectations and perceptions of the customers in sports and healthy life centers for service quality (sample of afyonkarahisar province). International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 1(1), 38-46. DOI: 10.46463/ijrss.368384.
  • 29. Kurtkapan, H. (2018). Aktif yaşlılık ve yerel yönetim uygulamaları: İstanbul örneği. Senex: Yaşlılık Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 38-52.
  • 30. Litwin, H. (2000). Social network and well-being: An empirical examination. Canadian Journal on Aging, 19(3), 343-362.
  • 31. Mannell, R.C. (1999). Older adults, leisure, and wellness. Journal of Leisurability, 26(2), 3-10.
  • 32. Massie, A.S., ve Meisner, B.A. (2019). Perceptions of aging and experiences of ageism as constraining factors of moderate to vigorous leisure-time physical activity in later life. Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure, 42(1), 24-42.
  • 33. Mellor, D., Stokes, M., Firth, L., Hayashi, Y., ve Cummins, R. (2008). Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(3), 213–218.
  • 34. Minhat, H.S., ve Amin, R.M. (2012). Sociodemographic determinants of leisure participation among elderly in Malaysia. Journal of Community Health 37(4), 840–847.
  • 35. Moody, H.R., ve Sasser, J.R. (2012). Aging: Concepts and controversies. Los Angeles: Sage.
  • 36. Murphy, H. (2003). Exploring leisure and psychological health and wellbeing: some problematic ıssues in the case of Northern Ireland. Leisure Studies, 22(1), 37–50.
  • 37. Peppers, L.G. (1976). Patterns of leisure and adjustment to retirement. The Gerontologist, 16(5), 441-446.
  • 38. Ragheb, M.G. (1980). Interrelationships among leisure participation, leisure satisfaction and leisure attitudes. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(2), 138-149.
  • 39. Ryu, J., ve Heo, J. (2017). Relationships between leisure activity types and well-being in older adults. Leisure Studies, 37(3), 331-342.
  • 40. Saint-Maurice, P.F., Coughlan, D., ve Kelly, S.P. (2019). Association of leisure-time physical activity across the adult life course with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Netw Open, 2(3), e190355.
  • 41. Sharp, A., ve Mannell, R.C. (1996). Participation in leisure as a coping strategy among bereaved women. In D. Dawson (eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth Canadian Congress on Leisure Research (pp 241-144). Ottawa.
  • 42. Stanis, S.A.W., Schneider, I.E., Chavez, D.J., Shinew, K.J. (2009). Visitor constraints to physical activity in park and recreation areas: difirences by race and ethnicity. Journal of Park And Recreation Administration, 27(3), 78-95.
  • 43. Strain, L.A., Grabusic, C.C., Searle, M.S., ve Dunn, N.J. (2002). Continuing and ceasing leisure activities in later life: a longitudinal study. The Gerontologist, 42(2), 217–23.
  • 44. Swami, V., Chamorro Premuzic, T., Sinniah, D., Maniam, T., Kannan, K., Stanistreet, D., ve diğ. (2007). General health mediates the relationship between loneliness, life satisfaction and depression. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(2), 161- 166.
  • 45. Sweeny, K., Rankin, K., Cheng, X., Hou, L., Long, F., Meng, Y., ve diğ. (2020). Flow in the time of COVID-19: Findings from China. PLoS One, 15(11), e0242043.
  • 46. Tabachnick, B.G., ve Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson.
  • 47. Teki̇ndal, M., Ege, A., Eri̇m, F., ve Gedi̇k, T. (2020). Sosyal hizmet bakış açısıyla covıd-19 sürecinde yaşlı bireyler: sorunlar, ihtiyaçlar ve öneriler. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 159-164.
  • 48. Tinsley, H.E.A., Teaff, J.D., Colbs, S.L., ve Kaufman, N. (1985). A system of classifying leisure activities in terms of the psychological benefits of participation reported by older person. Journal of Gerontology, 40(2), 172-178.
  • 49. Uyanık, Y. (2017). Yaşlılık, yaşlanan nüfus ve sosyal politika. İş ve Hayat Dergisi, 3(5), 67-100.
  • 50. Vancampfort, D., Ashdown-Franks, G., Smith, L., Firth, J., Van Damme, T., Christiaansen, L., ve Koyanagi, A. (2019). Leisure-time sedentary behavior and loneliness among adolescents aged 12–15 years from 52 low-and middle-income countries. Journal of affective disorders, 251, 149-155. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.076
  • 51. Yağmur, R., Eroğlu, O., Ayna, Ç., Iconomescu, T. (2020). Parks and recreation areas for physical activity: Barriers and ıncentives. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 4(1), 28-36. DOI: 10.46463/ijrss.806151
  • 52. Zuzanek, J., ve Box, S.J. (1988). Life course and the daily lives of older adults in Canada. In K. Altergott (Eds.), Daily life in later life: Comparative perspectives (s.147-185). London: Sage Publications.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Çağla Ayna 0000-0003-3956-2855

Hüseyin Gümüş 0000-0003-4059-3640

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Mart 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayna, Ç., & Gümüş, H. (2021). 60 Yaş Üstü Bireylerin Yaşam Doyumu, Sağlık Algısı ve Boş Zaman Etkinliği Tercihlerinin İncelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 32(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.793415

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