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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF USA'S SOFT POWER VIA HOLLYWOOD: LOOKING BACK TO Cold War

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 32, 228 - 240, 26.12.2018

Öz



















Since
1980’s Joseph Nye’s famous soft power conceptualization has become a very
popular instrument while defining the states’ foreign policy approaches. Due to
the term has a very abstract structure; a wide range of non-military means, for
instance cinema, sports, cultural interactions or cross-border linguistic
activities can be considered in the frame of this foreign policy approach.
Despite of the fact that many states use soft power in order to achieve their
foreign policy goals; recently, USA is known as the best implementer of soft
power. In this context, Hollywood which is the great name of American film
industry takes on a political role besides its artistic nature on certain
occasions. Without any doubt, one of the most politicized period of Hollywood
encounters the Cold War era. The persistent struggle between America and
Soviets necessitated the participation of various fields and scopes to the
“Cold War Arena”. One of the most visible non-political instrument of this era
was the film industry where the political messages of the polar leaders can be
distributed to international system rapidly and easily. This study seeks to
investigate the role of Hollywood during the Cold War as an implementer of soft
power on certain movies.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, R. C. (2001). “The Rise and the Decline of the Soviet Economy”, Canadian Journal of Economics, 34(4): 859-881.
  • Bainbridge, W.S. (2015). The Meaning and Value of Spaceflight: Public Perceptions, (Switzerland: Springer).
  • Carleton, D. (1987). “McCarthyism Was More Than McCarty: Documenting The Red Scare At The State And Local Level”, The Midwestern Archivist, 12(1): 13-19.
  • Eckstein, A. (2004). “The Hollywood Ten in History and Memory”, Film History, 16(4): 424-436.
  • Eyerman, R. et.al (2016). “Cultural Trauma, Collective Memory and the Vietnam War”, Croatian Political Science Review, 54(1-2): 11-31.
  • Fan, Y. (2008). “Soft Power: Power of Attraction or Confusion”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4(2): 147-158.
  • Ferrie, J. P. (2005). “The End of American Exceptionalism: Mobility in the United States Since 1850”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(3): 199-215.
  • Judis, J. B. (2005). “The Chosen Nation: The Influence of Religion on U.S Foreign Policy” Policy Brief, 37: 1-8. Kissinger, H. (2004). Diplomasi. İbrahim H.Kurt (trans.) (İstanbul:Kültür Yayınları).
  • Koch, J.S. (2018). “Institutional Framework for the Province of all Mankind: Lessons from the International Seabed Authority for the Governance of Commercial Space Mining”, Astropolitics, 16(1): 1-27.
  • Koh, H.H. (2003). “On American Exceptionalism”, Stanford Law Review, 55(1479): 1480-1527.
  • Leffler, M. and Painter, D. (2005). Origins of the Cold War, (New York: Routledge).
  • Nye, J. (1990). “Soft Power”, Foreign Affairs, 80: 153-171.
  • Nye, J. (2017). Yumuşak Güç. Rayhan İnan Aydın (trans.). (Ankara:BB101).
  • Öymen, A. (2014). Değişim Yılları, (İstanbul: Doğan Kitap).
  • Powdermaker, H. (1951). Hollywood: The Dream Factory, (London: Secker&Warburg).
  • Risse-Kappen, T. (1994). “Ideas Do Not Float Freely: Transnational Coalitions, Domestic Structures, and the End of Cold War”, International Organization, 48(2): 185-214.
  • Sbardellati, J. and Shaw, T. (2003). “Booting A Tramp: Charlie Chaplin, the FBI, and the Construction of the Subversive Image in Red Scare America”, The Pacific Historical Review, 74(4): 495-530.
  • Silver, J. (2007). Hollywood’s Dominance of the Movie Industry: How Did It Arise and How Has It Been Maintained?” Unpublished PhD. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, Department of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations.
  • Stein, A.A. (1987). Strategy As Politics, Politics As Strategy: Domestic Debates, Statecraft, and Star Wars, in The Logic of Nuclear Terror, (Boston: Allen & Unwin).
  • Truman, H. (1950). Public Papers Of The Presidents Of The United States.

HOLLYWOOD'UN YUMUŞAK GÜÇ ARACI OLARAK ABD TARAFINDAN KULLANIMI: SOĞUK SAVAŞ DÖNEMİNE BAKIŞ

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 32, 228 - 240, 26.12.2018

Öz

Joseph Nye’in uluslararası
ilişkiler literatürüne hediye etmiş olduğu meşhur yumuşak güç nosyonu
1980’lerden itibaren devletlerin dış politika yönelimlerini anlamlandırmada
kullanılan popüler bir terim olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Terimin oldukça
soyut bir doğası olması sebebiyle, sinema, spor, kültürel etkileşim veya sınır
ötesinde yabancı dil eğitimi veren merkezler dahi yumuşak güç nosyonunun bir
parçası olarak tahayyül edilebilir. Her ne kadar günümüzde birçok devlet
yumuşak gücü bir dış politika aracı olarak kullansa da halen ABD dış politikada
yumuşak gücü en başarılı olarak kullanan devlet olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Bu bağlamda, Hollywood olarak bilinen Amerikan sinema endüstrisi spesifik
durumlarda, kendi sanatsal doğasının dışına çıkarak birtakım siyasal misyonlar
da üstlenmiştir. Şüphesiz ki Soğuk Savaş dönemi, Amerikan film endüstrisinin en
çok siyasallaştığı dönemlerden birisi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. ABD ve SSCB
arasında bitmek bilmeyen mücadele dönemi, birçok siyaset dışı alanın da “Soğuk
Savaş Sahnesine” dahil olmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu bağlamda sinema sektörü
de kutup liderlerinin uluslararası kamuoyuna vermek istedikleri politik
mesajları hızlı ve kolay bir şekilde iletebildikleri bir araç haline
dönüşmüştür. Bu çalışma Soğuk Savaş döneminde, Amerikan film endüstrisi
Hollywood’un yumuşak güç kullanımında nasıl bir araç haline geldiği spesifik
birtakım filmler üzerinden analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 

Kaynakça

  • Allen, R. C. (2001). “The Rise and the Decline of the Soviet Economy”, Canadian Journal of Economics, 34(4): 859-881.
  • Bainbridge, W.S. (2015). The Meaning and Value of Spaceflight: Public Perceptions, (Switzerland: Springer).
  • Carleton, D. (1987). “McCarthyism Was More Than McCarty: Documenting The Red Scare At The State And Local Level”, The Midwestern Archivist, 12(1): 13-19.
  • Eckstein, A. (2004). “The Hollywood Ten in History and Memory”, Film History, 16(4): 424-436.
  • Eyerman, R. et.al (2016). “Cultural Trauma, Collective Memory and the Vietnam War”, Croatian Political Science Review, 54(1-2): 11-31.
  • Fan, Y. (2008). “Soft Power: Power of Attraction or Confusion”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4(2): 147-158.
  • Ferrie, J. P. (2005). “The End of American Exceptionalism: Mobility in the United States Since 1850”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(3): 199-215.
  • Judis, J. B. (2005). “The Chosen Nation: The Influence of Religion on U.S Foreign Policy” Policy Brief, 37: 1-8. Kissinger, H. (2004). Diplomasi. İbrahim H.Kurt (trans.) (İstanbul:Kültür Yayınları).
  • Koch, J.S. (2018). “Institutional Framework for the Province of all Mankind: Lessons from the International Seabed Authority for the Governance of Commercial Space Mining”, Astropolitics, 16(1): 1-27.
  • Koh, H.H. (2003). “On American Exceptionalism”, Stanford Law Review, 55(1479): 1480-1527.
  • Leffler, M. and Painter, D. (2005). Origins of the Cold War, (New York: Routledge).
  • Nye, J. (1990). “Soft Power”, Foreign Affairs, 80: 153-171.
  • Nye, J. (2017). Yumuşak Güç. Rayhan İnan Aydın (trans.). (Ankara:BB101).
  • Öymen, A. (2014). Değişim Yılları, (İstanbul: Doğan Kitap).
  • Powdermaker, H. (1951). Hollywood: The Dream Factory, (London: Secker&Warburg).
  • Risse-Kappen, T. (1994). “Ideas Do Not Float Freely: Transnational Coalitions, Domestic Structures, and the End of Cold War”, International Organization, 48(2): 185-214.
  • Sbardellati, J. and Shaw, T. (2003). “Booting A Tramp: Charlie Chaplin, the FBI, and the Construction of the Subversive Image in Red Scare America”, The Pacific Historical Review, 74(4): 495-530.
  • Silver, J. (2007). Hollywood’s Dominance of the Movie Industry: How Did It Arise and How Has It Been Maintained?” Unpublished PhD. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, Department of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations.
  • Stein, A.A. (1987). Strategy As Politics, Politics As Strategy: Domestic Debates, Statecraft, and Star Wars, in The Logic of Nuclear Terror, (Boston: Allen & Unwin).
  • Truman, H. (1950). Public Papers Of The Presidents Of The United States.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yiğit Anıl Güzelipek 0000-0001-6061-7254

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 32

Kaynak Göster

APA Güzelipek, Y. A. (2018). THE IMPLEMENTATION OF USA’S SOFT POWER VIA HOLLYWOOD: LOOKING BACK TO Cold War. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(32), 228-240.

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