Cities and urbanization movements in Africa from precolonial period to present-day

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 32, 58 - 88, 26.12.2018

Harun Biçakcı

Öz

The cities in
Africa are still evolving and can be described as very creative and sometimes
extremely stagnant. Particularly in recent years, significant infrastructure
work across the continent and the increasing urban population have led all
states and global companies to see the African continent as a new center of
economic attraction. In recent years, a wide range of academic studies has been conducted on the continent. New
studies are carried out in many different areas from urbanization to economy
and history. However, the shortage of studies on urban development and change
in the continent is noteworthy. At this point, the aim of the study is to
analyze the historical and cultural background of urbanization and cities in
Africa.

African
urbanization faces four broad challenges. The first is rapid population growth,
unequal physical and labor capital based on insufficient economic activity.
Second, low intensity and informality is to increase the poverty of the
continent. Third, the poor coverage of basic infrastructure services,
especially water, energy and health services, is an obstacle to increase welfare in urban or rural areas.
Fourth, there are weaknesses in the context of management, institutions and
overall planning capacity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Africa, city, urbanization, colonialism, socio-economic conditions

SÖMÜRGE ÖNCESİ DÖNEMDEN GÜNÜMÜZE AFRİKA’DA KENTLER VE KENTLEŞME HAREKETLERİ

Öz

Afrika’daki kentler halen gelişmekte
olan yapıtlar ve aynı zamanda fazlasıyla yaratıcı ve bazen son derece durgun
olarak betimlenebilir. Özellikle son yıllarda kıta genelinde gerçekleştirilen
önemli altyapı çalışmaları ve artan kentli nüfus, tüm devletlerin ve küresel
şirketlerin Afrika kıtasını yeni bir ekonomik cazibe merkezi olarak
görmektedirler. Son
yıllarda kıtaya dair kentleşmesinden, ekonomisine ve tarihine çok farklı alanlarda
yeni çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Akademik olarak bakıldığında kıtadaki kentsel
gelişim ve değişime değinen çalışmaların azlığı dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışmanın
amacı sömürge öncesi dönemden günümüze Afrika’daki kentleri ve kentleşme
hareketlerini tarihsel ve kültürel arka planı bağlamında analiz etmektedir.

Afrika kentleşmesi dört geniş sorunla
karşı karşıyadır. Birincisi, yetersiz ekonomik faaliyetle hızlı nüfus
büyümesi,eşitsiz fiziksel ve işgücü sermayesi tabanlıdır. İkincisi, düşük
yoğunluk ve kayıt dışılığın, kıtanın yoksulluğunu artırmasıdır. Üçüncüsü,su, enerji
ve sağlık hizmetleri başta olmak üzere, temel altyapı hizmetlerinin zayıf
kapsama alanı, kent ya da kırsal da refahı arttırmanın önündeki engeldir. Dördüncüsü,yönetim,
kurumlar ve genel planlama kapasitesi bağlamdaki zayıflıklardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afrika, kent, kentleşme, sömürgecilik, sosyo-ekonomik durum

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