YOKSULLUĞUN ÇOCUKLAR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: NESİLLER ARASI YOKSULLUK DÖNGÜSÜNÜ KIRMAK İÇİN YAKLAŞIMLAR

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 41, 155 - 183, 31.12.2021

Davuthan Günaydın

Öz

Çocukluk dönemi bireylerin fiziksel ve zihinsel gelişiminin şekillendiği dönemdir. Fakat erken çocukluk döneminde yoksulluk deneyimini yaşayan çocuklar beslenme ve eğitim gibi konularda sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Bu durum yetişkin birey olduklarında yoksulluktan kurtulmalarını engellemektedir. Bu nedenle nesiller arası yoksulluk döngüsünü kırmak için çocukluk döneminde desteklenmeleri gerekmektedir. Ancak yalnızca yoksul çocukların desteklenmesi yeterli değildir. Yoksulluk döngüsünü kırmak için bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ebeveynlerin ve çocukların ihtiyaçlarına birlikte odaklanmak gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda yetişkinlerin hem ebeveyn hem de çalışanlar olarak desteklenmesi fikri ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu sayede ebeveynlik becerilerinin geliştirilmesi ve yoksulluktan kurtulmalarına yetecek mesleki becerilerin kazandırılması hedeflenmektedir. İki nesil yaklaşımı ya da üç nesil yaklaşımı olarak adlandırılan bu uygulamalar nesiller arası yoksulluk döngüsünü kırmak için başarılı uygulamalar olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada öncelikli olarak yoksulluğun çocuklar üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir. Yoksulluğun çocukların sağlık, eğitim ve sosyal yaşamları üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konmaktadır. Daha sonra yoksulluk döngüsü ve bu döngüyü kırmak için uygulanan yaklaşımlar incelenecektir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocuk Yoksulluğu, Yoksulluk Döngüsü, İki Nesil yaklaşımı, Üç Nesil Yaklaşımı

Kaynakça

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