FEATURES AND TRENDS OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS USING THE SCOPUS DATABASE (1998–2024)

Öz

This study examines knowledge economy research between 1998 and 2024 from a bibliometric perspective. The knowledge economy is an economic paradigm that explores the impact of intellectual capital and innovation on economic growth and competitiveness. The study analysed 439 articles collected from the Scopus database. It assessed trends in publication growth over time, the most cited articles, contributions at the levels of authors, institutions, and countries, as well as the impact of journals. Additionally, thematic trends and collaborative networks within the knowledge economy were examined. The results indicate that the knowledge economy, as an international research field, has been shaped by interdisciplinary collaborations, with particular emphasis on themes such as innovation, higher education, sustainable development, and human capital. The study highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the importance of digitalization and the knowledge economy. It also suggests that future research should focus more on topics such as knowledge management, human capital, social inequalities, and sustainable development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Knowledge Economy
• Bibliometric Analysis
• Science Mapping
• Thematic Analysis
• Bibliometrix R-Package

BİLGİ EKONOMİSİNİN ÖZELLİKLERİ VE EĞİLİMLERİ: SCOPUS VERİ TABANINI KULLANARAK BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ (1998-2024)

Öz

Bu çalışma, 1998-2024 yılları arasındaki bilgi ekonomisi araştırmalarını bibliyometrik bir perspektiften incelemektedir. Bilgi ekonomisi, entelektüel sermaye ve inovasyonun ekonomik büyüme ve rekabet gücü üzerindeki etkisini araştıran ekonomik bir paradigmadır. Çalışmada Scopus veri tabanından toplanan 439 makale analiz edilmiştir. Zaman içinde yayın artışındaki eğilimleri, en çok atıf alan makaleleri, yazar, kurum ve ülke düzeyindeki katkıları ve dergilerin etkisini değerlendirmiştir. Ayrıca, bilgi ekonomisi içindeki tematik eğilimler ve işbirliği ağları da incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, uluslararası bir araştırma alanı olarak bilgi ekonomisinin, özellikle inovasyon, yükseköğretim, sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve insan sermayesi gibi temalara vurgu yaparak, disiplinler arası işbirlikleri tarafından şekillendirildiğini göstermektedir. Çalışma, COVID-19 salgınının dijitalleşme ve bilgi ekonomisinin önemini nasıl artırdığını vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, gelecekteki araştırmaların bilgi yönetimi, insan sermayesi, sosyal eşitsizlikler ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma gibi konulara daha fazla odaklanması gerektiğini önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilgi Ekonomisi
• Bibliyometrik Analiz
• Bilim Haritalama
• Tematik Analiz
• Bibliometrix R-Paketi

Kaynakça

1. Amavilah, Voxi, Simplice A. Asongu, and Antonio R. Andrés. 2017. “Effects of Globalization on Peace and Stability: Implications for Governance and the Knowledge Economy of African Countries.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.04.013.
2. Aparicio, Gloria, Txomin Iturralde, and Ana Vilma Rodríguez. 2023. “Developments in the Knowledge-Based Economy Research Field: A Bibliometric Literature Review.” Management Review Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-021-00241-w.
3. Aria, Massimo, and Corrado Cuccurullo. 2017. “Bibliometrix: An R-Tool for Comprehensive Science Mapping Analysis.” Journal of Informetrics 11 (4): 959–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007.
4. Asheim, Bjørn. 2012. “The Changing Role of Learning Regions in the Globalizing Knowledge Economy: A Theoretical Re-Examination.” Regional Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2011.607805.
5. Ayaz, Ahmet, Kamil Celik, and Ozcan Ozyurt. 2021. “Pattern Detection in Cloud Computing: Bibliometric Mapping of Publications in the Field from Past to Present.” COLLNET Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management 15 (2): 469–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/09737766.2021.2007038.
6. Ayaz, Ahmet, Ozcan Ozyurt, and Fatih Gurcan. 2023. “The Mainstream and Pattern Detection of E-Learning Acceptance Research : Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis (2010-2021).” COLLNET Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management 17 (1): 39–59. https://doi.org/10.47974/cjsim-2022-0008.
7. Aytekin, A., Ayaz, R., and Ayaz, A. (2025). “Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life: A Comprehensive Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis.” Health Care Analysis 33(4): 446-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-024-00507-w
8. Bielienkova, O.Iu., Ya.F. Loktionova, S.P. Stetsenko, and V.V. Tуtok. 2022. “Intellectual Capital as a Factor of Innovative Sustainable Development.” Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency. https://doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2022.50(2).281-291.

9. Bond-Smith, Steven. 2019. “The Decades‐long Dispute over Scale Effects in the Theory of Economic Growth.” Journal of Economic Surveys. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12329.
10. Choriyevich, Yarmatov Sharofiddin, and Choriyeva Muattar Sharofiddin Qizi. 2022. “The Importance of Human Capital Development in Ensuring Sustainable Economic Growth.” International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48261.
11. Cooke, Philip, and Loet Leydesdorff. 2006. “Regional Development in the Knowledge-Based Economy: The Construction of Advantage.” Journal of Technology Transfer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-005-5009-3.
12. Dimitrova, Dimitrina, and Barry Wellman. 2015. “Networked Work and Network Research: New Forms of Teamwork in the Triple Revolution.” American Behavioral Scientist. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214556811.
13. Donthu, Naveen, Satish Kumar, Debmalya Mukherjee, Nitesh Pandey, and Weng Marc Lim. 2021. “How to Conduct a Bibliometric Analysis: An Overview and Guidelines.” Journal of Business Research 133:285–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070.
14. Duca, Svetlana. 2023. “The Resource of Creativity and Creative Human Capital for the Management of Knowledge Economy:Implications for the Republic of Moldova.” In E3S Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340905015.
15. Efe, Ahmet. 2023. “Comprehensive Development of Human Capital as an Aspect of Innovative Economies.” Uluslararası Beşeri Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.59304/ijhe.1189232.
16. Giraldo, Maria Camila Bermeo, Orfa Nidia Patiño Toro, Alejandro Valencia Arias, Martha Luz Benjumea Arias, and Lemy Bran Piedrahita. 2022. “Research Trends of the Knowledge-Based Economy: A Bibliometric Study.” Intangible Capital. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.2048.
17. Godin, Benoît. 2006. “The Knowledge-Based Economy: Conceptual Framework or Buzzword?” Journal of Technology Transfer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-005-5010-x.
18. Hájek, Petr, and Jan Stejskal. 2018. “R & D Cooperation and Knowledge Spillover Effects for Sustainable Business Innovation in the Chemical Industry.” Sustainability (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041064.
19. Harzing, Anne-Wil, and Satu Alakangas. 2016. “Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science: A Longitudinal and Cross-Disciplinary Comparison.” Scientometrics 106 (2): 787–804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1798-9.
20. José de Oliveira, Otávio, Fabio Francisco da Silva, Fernando Juliani, Luis César Ferreira Motta Barbosa, and Thaís Vieira Nunhes. 2019. “Bibliometric Method for Mapping the State-of-the-Art and Identifying Research Gaps and Trends in Literature: An Essential Instrument to Support the Development of Scientific Projects.” In Scientometrics Recent Advances. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85856.
21. Kim, W. Chan, and Renée Mauborgne. 1998. “Procedural Justice, Strategic Decision Making, and the Knowledge Economy.” Strategic Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199804)19:4<323::aid-smj976>3.0.co;2-f.
22. Kintu, Mugenyi Justice, Aslan Aydin, and Chang Zhu. 2020. “Educational Innovation in Higher Education.” In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.675.
23. Kofarbai, Hamza Zubairu, and Mairo Abdullahi. 2021. “Human Capital and Higher Education as a Catalyst for the Development of Knowledge Economy in Northern Nigeria.” The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies. https://doi.org/10.24940/theijhss/2021/v9/i6/hs2105-041.
24. Levytskyi, Vitalii, Serghiy Radynskiy, and Olga Dyachun. 2021. “Economic Education and Science as the Basis of Innovative Growth.” Socio-Economic Problems and the State. https://doi.org/10.33108/sepd2022.02.474.
25. Malerba, Franco, and Maureen McKelvey. 2020. “Knowledge-Intensive Innovative Entrepreneurship Integrating Schumpeter, Evolutionary Economics, and Innovation Systems.” Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0060-2.
26. Manisha, Keerti, and Inderpal Singh. 2024. “Investigating Green Economy Studies Using a Bibliometric Analysis.” Journal of the Knowledge Economy, August. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02237-9.
27. Martín-Martín, A., Orduna-Malea, E., Thelwall, M., & López-Cózar, E. D. (2018). Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus: A systematic comparison of citations in 252 subject categories. Journal of informetrics, 12(4), 1160-1177.
28. Mensah, Mavis S.B., and Francis Enu-Kwesi. 2018. “Determinants of Research Collaboration towards a Knowledge-Based Economy in Ghana.” Industry and Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422218789060.
29. Mohamed, Btool H., Ibrahim Ari, Mohammed Bin Saleh Al-Sada, and Muammer Koç. 2021. “Strategizing Human Development for a Country in Transition from a Resource-Based to a Knowledge-Based Economy.” Sustainability (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413750.
30. Mongeon, Philippe, and Adèle Paul-Hus. 2016. “The Journal Coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: A Comparative Analysis.” Scientometrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1765-5.
31. Moral-Muñoz, José A., Enrique Herrera-Viedma, Antonio Santisteban-Espejo, and Manuel J. Cobo. 2020. “Software Tools for Conducting Bibliometric Analysis in Science: An up-to-Date Review.” Profesional de La Informacion. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.ene.03.
32. Neumann, Ruth, and Kim Khim Tan. 2011. “From PhD to Initial Employment: The Doctorate in a Knowledge Economy.” Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.594596.
33. Nguyen, Tuan V., and Ly T. Pham. 2011. “Scientific Output and Its Relationship to Knowledge Economy: An Analysis of ASEAN Countries.” Scientometrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0446-2.
34. Nouri, Rasool, Saeed Karimi, Hassan Ashrafi-rizi, and Azadeh Nouri. 2013. “Knowledge Economy Core Journals: Identification through LISTA Database Analysis.” Acta Informatica Medica. https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2012.21.60-62.
35. Nurunnabi, Mohammad. 2017. “Transformation from an Oil-Based Economy to a Knowledge-Based Economy in Saudi Arabia: The Direction of Saudi Vision 2030.” Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-017-0479-8.
36. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. bmj, 372.
37. Paul, J., Lim, W. M., O’Cass, A., Hao, A. W., & Bresciani, S. (2021). Scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR‐4‐SLR). International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(4), O1-O16.
38. Peters, Bettina. 2009. “Persistence of Innovation: Stylised Facts and Panel Data Evidence.” In Journal of Technology Transfer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-007-9072-9.
39. Peters, Michael A. 2020. “Digital Socialism or Knowledge Capitalism?” Educational Philosophy and Theory. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2019.1593033.
40. Powell, Walter W., and Kaisa Snellman. 2004. “The Knowledge Economy.” Annual Review of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100037.
41. Pu, Ruihui, Thitinan Chankoson, Rebecca Kechen Dong, and Lingxi Song. 2023. “Bibliometrics-Based Visualization Analysis of Knowledge-Based Economy and Implications to Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG).” Library Hi Tech. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-05-2022-0241.
42. Qobo, Mzukisi, and Garth le Pere. 2018. “The Role of China in Africa’s Industrialization: The Challenge of Building Global Value Chains.” Journal of Contemporary China. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2018.1389016.
43. Rodríguez, Alberto, Carl Dahlman, and Jamil Salmi. 2014. “Knowledge and Innovation for Competitiveness in Brazil.” Journal of Globalization, Competitiveness, and Governability. https://doi.org/10.3232/gcg.2008.v2.n3.01.
44. Scott, Susan V., and Geoff Walsham. 2005. “Reconceptualizing and Managing Reputation Risk in the Knowledge Economy: Toward Reputable Action.” Organization Science. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0127.
45. Shahid, Muhammad Khalid, Aye Aye Khin, Lim Chee Seong, Muhammad Shahbaz, and Fiaz Ahmad. 2024. “Mapping the Relationship of Research and Development Expenditures and Economic Growth through Bibliometric Analysis: A Theoretical Perspective.” Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-01781-8.
46. Shkarupa, Olena, Dmytro Vlasenko, Halyna Makedon, Svitlana Bilan, and Desislava Serafimova. 2022. “Economy of Knowledge and Transfer of Innovations: Ukraine’s Progress through the Lens of European Development Trends.” Knowledge and Performance Management. https://doi.org/10.21511/kpm.06(1).2022.09.
47. Smuts, Hanlie, and Alta Van der Merwe. 2022. “Knowledge Management in Society 5.0: A Sustainability Perspective.” Sustainability (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116878.
48. Švarc, Jadranka, and Marina Dabić. 2017. “Evolution of the Knowledge Economy: A Historical Perspective with an Application to the Case of Europe.” Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-015-0267-2.
49. Sycheva, Evelina, Artur Budagov, and Andrey Novikov. 2020. “Urban Infrastructure Development in a Global Knowledge-Based Economy.” SHS Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207403013.
50. Tchamyou, Vanessa Simen. 2017. “The Role of Knowledge Economy in African Business.” Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-016-0417-1.
51. Välimaa, Jussi, and David Hoffman. 2008. “Knowledge Society Discourse and Higher Education.” Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-008-9123-7.
52. Vallas, Steven Peter, and Daniel Lee Kleinman. 2008. “Contradiction, Convergence and the Knowledge Economy: The Confluence of Academic and Commercial Biotechnology.” Socio-Economic Review. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwl035.
53. Vaquero García, Alberto, Maria Bastida, Miguel Á. Vazquez Taín, and Marisa Del Río. 2024. “The Broad Spectrum of Sustainability and the Social Economy: Perspectives from Bibliometric Data.” Journal of the Knowledge Economy, September. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02222-2.
54. Zhakhanova, Z. R. 2020. “The Role of Universities in Human Capital Development in the Course of Innovative Development of Economy.” Bulletin of “Turan” University. https://doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2020-1-3-211-216.