THE ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF PUBLIC DEBTS

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 16, 279 - 306, 31.12.2018

Tekin Akdemir , Şahin Yeşilyurt

Öz

The public debt have come from
many stages and have been fed from many sources of religion, philosophy, and
economics. It was first dealt with in the context of interest within the
framework of religious and philosophical currents, due to the awareness of the negative
effect of debt on the economic life, the evaluations on the public debts
focused on economic effects of them. Especially with the Glorious Revolution in
England, the concept of state debt has begun to include features that are
accepted in the modern economic system. Hence while the Physiocrats and
Classics had a more conservative stance on debt, Mercantlist and some authors,
many of whom are German economists, had adopted a more moderate attitude
towards government borrowing. In this study,
which is called the origin, development and
economic foundations of publıc debts, we focused on public debt transformations
and its economic nature. We also investigated the importance of public debt
interms of state, individual and community.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Public Debt, Origin of Public Debt, Interest Bearing Borrowing, Economic Thoughts and Public Debt

DEVLET BORÇLARININ KÖKENİ, GELİŞİMİ VE İKTİSADİ TEMELLERİ

Öz

Devlet borçları, birçok aşamadan geçmiş ve dini, felsefi ve iktisadi
kaynaklardan beslenmiştir. Kavram, ilk olarak dini ve felsefi akımlar
çerçevesinde faiz yasağı bünyesinde ele alınmış ve borcun iktisadi hayat
üzerindeki etkisinin görülmesi neticesinde, devlet borcu kavramına dair
değerlendirmeler borcun iktisadi etkileri etrafında şekillenmiştir. Özellikle
İngiltere’deki Muhteşem Devrim ile birlikte devlet borcu kavramı, modern
iktisadi sistemde kabul gören özellikleri ihtivâ etmeye başlamış ve iktisadi
düşünce okulları mensupları, dönemin koşullarından ve geçmiş tecrübelerden
faydalanarak bu konuda fikir beyan etmişlerdir. Bu minvalde Fizyokratlar ve
Klasik iktisatçılar devlet borçları konusunda muhafazakâr bir tutum
sergilerlerken Merkantilistler ile çoğunluğunu Alman iktisatçıların oluşturduğu
bir kısım yazar, devlet borçlarına karşı ılımlı bir tavır takınmışlardır. Devlet borçlarının kökeni, gelişimi ve iktisadi temelleri adını taşıyan bu çalışmada,
devlet borçlarının dönüşümü, ekonomik niteliği ve borçlanmanın devlet, birey ve
toplum açısından önemi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Devlet Borcu, Devlet Borcunun Temeli, Faiz İçeren Borçlanma, İktisadi Düşünce ve Devlet Borcu

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