CHINA'S HYBRID WARFARE APPROACH WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF UNRESTRICTED WARFARE THEORY AND THREE WARFARES STRATEGY

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 28, 267 - 288, 25.12.2024

Orhan Çifçi

Öz

Hybrid warfare has become one of the most striking topics in the security and war studies after Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014. Although the first thorough definition of hybrid warfare was made by Frank Hoffman, based on his observation of the Israel-Hezbollah War, in the following years, many theorists and organizations, particularly in Western and Russian military thought, have made numerous definitions on the concept of hybrid warfare. However, China's approach to hybrid warfare is mostly overlooked in the literature. The purpose of the study is to clarify the theoretical basis of China's approach to the concept of hybrid warfare. Unrestricted warfare and three warfares strategies constitute the two main components of China's understanding of hybrid warfare. This study will examine these two strategies and analyses how China positions hybrid warfare in its military strategy. The main argument of the article is that China's hybrid warfare approach goes beyond all boundaries of the traditional warfare and covers all political, economic and military warfares. In order to strengthen the argument, China's hybrid strategies towards Taiwan within the framework of unrestricted warfare and three warfare strategies are examined and how both approaches take a place in China's Taiwan strategy is explained.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hybrid Warfare, Unrestricted Warfare Theory, Three Warfares Strategy, China, Taiwan

SINIRSIZ SAVAŞ TEORİSİ VE ÜÇ SAVAŞ STRATEJİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE ÇİN’İN HİBRİT SAVAŞ YAKLAŞIMI

Öz

Hibrit savaş kavramı 2014 yılında Rusya’nın Kırım’ı ilhakının ardından güvenlik ve savaş çalışmalarında en fazla tartışılan konular arasına yerleşmiştir. Her ne kadar hibrit savaş kavramının ilk detaylı tanımlaması İsrail-Hizbullah Savaşı gözleminden yolan çıkan Frank Hoffman tarafından yapılmış olsa da devam eden yıllarda özellikle Batı ve Rus askeri düşüncesindeki birçok teorisyen ve kuruluş hibrit savaş kavramı üzerine çeşitli tanımlamalarda bulunmuştur. Böylelikle hibrit savaş üzerine oldukça geniş bir literatür oluşmuştur. Ancak söz konusu literatürde Çin’in hibrit savaş kavramına olan yaklaşımı büyük oranda göz ardı edilmektedir. Bu çerçevede, çalışmanın amacı Çin’in hibrit savaş yaklaşımının teori ve pratikteki yansımalarına açıklık getirmektir. Sınırsız savaş teorisi (Unrestricted Warfare) ve üç savaş stratejisi (Three Warfares) Çin’in hibrit savaşa olan yaklaşımının iki ana bileşenini oluşturmaktadır. Buradan yola çıkarak çalışmada iki yaklaşım incelenerek Çin’in hibrit savaşı askeri stratejisinde nasıl konumlandırdığı ve hangi araç, yöntem ve savaş alanlarını hibrit savaş çerçevesinde tanımladığı ortaya konmuştur. Makalenin temel argümanı Çin’in hibrit savaş yaklaşımının geleneksel savaş tanımlamasının bütün sınırlarını aşan ve politik, ekonomik ve askeri savaş metotlarının tamamını kapsayan bir savaş biçimi olduğudur. Makalede ortaya konan argümanı güçlendirmek amacıyla, sınırsız savaş ve üç savaş stratejisi çerçevesinde Çin’in Tayvan’a yönelik hibrit stratejileri incelenmiş ve her iki yaklaşımın Çin’in Tayvan stratejisinde nasıl yer edindiği açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hibrit Savaş, Sınırsız Savaş Teorisi, Üç Savaş Stratejisi, Çin, Tayvan

Kaynakça

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