Premenstrual Sendromun İştah ve Besin Tercihi Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Menstrual döngü kadınlarda aylık olarak tekrar eden ve üremeyi sağlayan fizyolojik bir süreçtir. Menstrual döngü sırasında hormonal dalgalanmalar nedeniyle psikolojik değişiklikler meydana gelebilir. Premenstrüel sendrom (PMS) olarak tanımlanan bu psikolojik değişiklikler kadınların %20-40'ını etkiler. Menstrual dönemde beynin açlık ve tokluk merkezi etkilenmektedir. İştahın arttığı ve besin tercihinde değişikliklerin olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu dönemde yağlı, basit şekerler içeren veya tuz içeriği yüksek besinlerin tüketiminin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu, artan enerji alımına ve diyet önerilerinin üzerinde basit şeker ve yağ alımına yol açar. Batı tarzı bir diyet benimseyen kadınlarda PMS'nin şiddetlendiği bildirilmiştir. Kompleks karbonhidratlar, yeterli protein, azaltılmış doymuş yağ, düşük kolesterol, basit şeker ve tuz içeren sağlıklı bir diyet modeli ile PMS şiddetinin azaltılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Premenstrual Sendrom
• İştah
• Besin Tercihi

Effects of Premenstrual Syndrome on Appetite and Food Preference

Öz

The menstrual cycle is a physiological process that repeats monthly in women and ensures reproduction. Psychological changes can occur due to hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. These psychological changes, defined as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), affect 20-40% of women. During the menstrual period, hunger and satiety centers in the hypothalamus of the brain are affected. It has been reported that there is an increase in appetite and changes in food preference. It has been determined that the consumption of foods containing simple sugars such as chocolate and sweets, and foods with high fat and salt content increase. This leads to increased energy intake and intake of simple sugars and fats above dietary recommendations. Exacerbation of PMS has been reported in women adopting a Western-style diet. It is thought that the severity of PMS can be reduced with a healthy diet model that includes complex carbohydrates, sufficient protein, reduced saturated fat, low cholesterol, simple sugar, and salt.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Premenstrual Syndrome
• Appetite
• Food Preference

Kaynakça

1. Abdelmoty, H. I., Youssef, M. A., Abdallah, S., Abdel-Malak, K., Hashish, N. M., Samir, D., Abdelbar, M., Hosni, A. N., AbdEl Ghafar, M., Khamis, Y., & Seleem, M. (2015). Menstrual patterns and disorders among secondary school adolescents in Egypt. A cross-sectional survey. BMC women's health, 15, 70. doi: 10.1186/s12905-015-0228-8,
2. Arı Yılmaz, M., Eroğlu, N. & Garipağoğlu, M. (2020). Normal kilolu ve şişman kadınların menstrüasyon döngüsünde görülen semptomlar ve baş etme yöntemleri. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 7 (2), 131-136.
3. Bakır, N. & Kızılkaya Beji, N. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinde premenstrual sendrom prevalansı ve etkileyen faktörler. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 9 (1), 264-277. doi: 10.33715/inonusaglik.835785
4. Carmichael, M. A., Thomson, R. L., Moran, L. J. ve Wycherley, T. P. (2021). The Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Athletes’ Performance: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1667. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041667
5. Chumduri, C., & Turco, M. Y. (2021). Organoids of the female reproductive tract. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 99(4), 531–553. doi: 10.1007/s00109-020-02028-0
6. Crooks, B., Stamataki, N. S., & McLaughlin, J. T. (2021). Appetite, the enteroendocrine system, gastrointestinal disease and obesity. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 80(1), 50–58. doi: 10.1017/S0029665120006965
7. Çelik, A. & Uskun, E. (2022). Premenstrüel sendrom prevalansı ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisi: toplum tabanlı bir çalışma örneği. Pamukkale Medical Journal, 15 (1), 1-13. doi: 10.31362/patd.872379
8. Çelik, A., & Uskun, E. (2021). Yaşam kalitesini bozan bir sorunsal: Premenstrüel Sendrom A problematic that disrupts the quality of life: Premenstrual Syndrome. Smyrna Tıp Dergisi, 57-68.

9. Direkvand-Moghadam, A., Sayehmiri, K., Delpisheh, A., & Sattar, K. (2014). Epidemiology of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 8(2). doi:10.7860/JCDR/2014/8024.4021
10. Dutta, A., & Sharma, A. (2021). Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health promotion perspectives, 11(2), 161–170. doi: 10.34172/hpp.2021.20
11. Erbil, N., & Yücesoy, H. (2023). Premenstrual syndrome prevalence in Turkey: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 28(5), 1347-1357. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2021.2013509
12. Gao, M., Zhang, H., Gao, Z., Cheng, X., Sun, Y., Qiao, M., & Gao, D. (2022). Global and regional prevalence and burden for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A study protocol for systematic review and metaanalysis. Medicine, 101(1), e28528. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028528
13. Gnanasambanthan, S., & Datta, S. (2019). Premenstrual syndrome. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, 29(10), 281-285. doi: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2019.06.003
14. Goker, A., Artunc-Ulkumen, B., Aktenk, F., & Ikiz, N. (2015). Premenstrual syndrome in Turkish medical students and their quality of life. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 35(3), 275–278. doi: 10.3109/01443615.2014.948820
15. Gorczyca, A. M., Sjaarda, L. A., Mitchell, E. M., Perkins, N. J., Schliep, K. C., Wactawski-Wende, J., & Mumford, S. L. (2016). Changes in macronutrient, micronutrient, and food group intakes throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy, premenopausal women. European journal of nutrition, 55(3), 1181–1188. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-0931-0
16. Güray, A., & Kızıltan, G. (2019). Obezite ve Duygu Durumu ile Diyet Kalitesi ve İştah İlişkisi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi-BÜSBİD, 4(2).
17. Handy, A. B., Greenfield, S. F., Yonkers, K. A., & Payne, L. A. (2022). Psychiatric Symptoms Across the Menstrual Cycle in Adult Women: A Comprehensive Review. Harvard review of psychiatry, 30(2), 100–117. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000329
18. Hashim, M. S., Obaideen, A. A., Jahrami, H. A., Radwan, H., Hamad, H. J., Owais, A. A., … Faris, “Mo’ez Al-Islam” E. (2019). Premenstrual Syndrome Is Associated with Dietary and Lifestyle Behaviors among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Sharjah, UAE. Nutrients, 11(8), 1939. doi: 10.3390/nu11081939
19. Işgın, K., & Büyüktuncer, Z. (2017). Premenstrual sendromda beslenme yaklaşımı. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 74(3), 249-260. doi: 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2017.46667
20. Janse DE Jonge, X., Thompson, B., & Han, A. (2019). Methodological Recommendations for Menstrual Cycle Research in Sports and Exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 51(12), 2610–2617. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002073
21. Kabaran, S. & Mercanlıgil, S. M. (2013). Adolesan Dönem Besin Seçimlerini Hangi Faktörler Etkiliyor?. Güncel Pediatri, 11 (3), 121-127. doi: 10.4274/Jcp.11.10820
22. Kaya, E., & Vatansever, Ş. (2022). Investigation of the effect of exercise on appetite and appetite hormones: A PubMed based systematic review. Spor Hekimligi Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 57(1), 51-57.
23. Kovács, Z., Hegyi, G., & Szőke, H. (2022). Premenstruális szindróma és premenstruális dysphoriás zavar., Orvosi Hetilap, 163(26), 1023-1031. doi: 10.1556/650.2022.32496
24. Lanza di Scalea, T., & Pearlstein, T. (2019). Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. The Medical clinics of North America, 103(4), 613–628. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2019.02.007
25. Le, J., Thomas, N. ve Gurvich, C. (2020). Cognition, The Menstrual Cycle, and Premenstrual Disorders: A Review. Brain Sciences, 10(4), 198. doi:10.3390/brainsci10040198
26. Maekawa, M., Miyamoto, A., Ariyoshi, H. ve Miura, K. (2023). A Survey of the Menstrual Status of Female College Students. Healthcare, 11(8), 1108. doi:10.3390/healthcare11081108
27. MoradiFili, B., Ghiasvand, R., Pourmasoumi, M., Feizi, A., Shahdadian, F., & Shahshahan, Z. (2020). Dietary patterns are associated with premenstrual syndrome: evidence from a case-control study. Public health nutrition, 23(5), 833-842. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019002192
28. Muslu, M. & Gökçay, G. F. (2021). Lezzet Algısının Oluşmasında Çevresel ve Genetik Faktörlerin Etkileri. Batı Karadeniz Tıp Dergisi, 5 (1), 7-18. doi: 10.29058/mjwbs.776644
29. Nowak, J., Podsiadło, A., Hudzik, B., Jagielski, P., Grochowska-Niedworok, E., Gąsior, M., & Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska, B. (2020). Food intake changes across the menstrual cycle: a preliminary study. Pielęgniarstwo I Zdrowie Publiczne, 10(1), 5–11. doi: 10.17219/pzp/114280
30. Özçifçi, N., & Kızıltan, G. (2021). Menstrual Döngünün Beslenme Alışkanlığı ve İştah Üzerine Etkisi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi-BÜSBİD, 6.
31. Patricio, B.-P., & Sergio, B.-G. (2019). Normal Menstrual Cycle. IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.79876 Reid, R. L., & Soares, C. N. (2018). Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Contemporary Diagnosis and Management. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC, 40(2), 215–223. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.05.018
32. Schmalenberger, K. M., Tauseef, H. A., Barone, J. C., Owens, S. A., Lieberman, L., Jarczok, M. N., Girdler, S. S., Kiesner, J., Ditzen, B., & Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A. (2021). How to study the menstrual cycle: Practical tools and recommendations. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 123, 104895. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104895
33. Siminiuc, R., & Ţurcanu, D. (2023). Impact of nutritional diet therapy on premenstrual syndrome. Frontiers in nutrition, 10, 1079417. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1079417
34. Stoeckel, L. E., Birch, L. L., Heatherton, T., Mann, T., Hunter, C., Czajkowski, S., Onken, L., Berger, P. K., & Savage, C. R. (2017). Psychological and neural contributions to appetite self-regulation. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 25 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), S17–S25. doi: 10.1002/oby.21789
35. Verkaik, S., Kamperman, A. M., van Westrhenen, R., & Schulte, P. F. J. (2017). The treatment of premenstrual syndrome with preparations of Vitex agnus castus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 217(2), 150–166. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.028
36. Yamamoto, K., Okazaki, A., Sakamoto, Y., & Funatsu, M. (2009). The relationship between premenstrual symptoms, menstrual pain, irregular menstrual cycles, and psychosocial stress among Japanese college students. Journal of physiological anthropology, 28(3), 129–136. doi: 10.2114/jpa2.28.129
37. Yen, J. Y., Lin, H. C., Lin, P. C., Liu, T. L., Long, C. Y., & Ko, C. H. (2020). Leptin and ghrelin concentrations and eating behaviors during the early and late luteal phase in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 118, 104713. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104713
38. Yonkers, K. A., & Simoni, M. K. (2018). Premenstrual disorders. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 218(1), 68–74. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.05.045
39. Yukie, M., Aoi, I., Mizuki, K., & Toshiyuki, Y. (2020). Change in appetite and food craving during menstrual cycle in young students. International Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 12(2), 25-30. doi: 10.5897/IJNAM2019.0264
40. Yücel, E. B. (2019). Fiziksel Aktivitenin Yeme Davranışı ve İştah Üzerine Etkisi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi-BÜSBİD, 4(1).