Siroz ve Malnütrisyon

Bu makale için 31 Ağustos 2024 tarihinde bir düzeltme yayımlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sbfdergisi/article/1537082

Öz

Kronik karaciğer hastalığı olarak da adlandırılan siroz, karaciğerde ileri derecede hasar oluşumudur. Çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak karaciğerde farklı seviyelerde hasar meydana gelir. Sirozun neden olduğu karaciğer hasarı genellikle geri döndürülemez ancak erken dönemde teşhis edilirse ortaya çıkan hasar sınırlandırılabilir. Siroz, erken dönemde belirti vermese de hastalık derecesi ilerledikçe şiddetli belirtilerle ortaya çıkar. Kronik alkol durumu, Hepatit B ve Hepatit C gibi kronik viral hepatitler sirozun başlıca nedenleridir. Karaciğer hastalıklarında ve sirozda beslenme tedavisinin önemi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Malnütrisyon; enerji, protein ve diğer besin ögelerinin yetersiz, dengesiz veya fazla alınması nedeniyle vücut yapı ve fonksiyonlarının ölçülebilir şekilde olumsuz etkilendiği bir durumdur. İstemsiz vücut ağırlığı kaybı malnütrisyonun en iyi göstergelerinden biridir. Karaciğer hastalıklarında çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak besin alımı azalmakta ve malnütrisyon oldukça yaygın gözlenmektedir. Malnütrisyon, sirozlu hastalarda etiyolojiden bağımsız olarak gelişmekte ve buna bağlı olarak morbidite ve mortalite yüksekliği de paralellik göstermektedir. Karaciğer hastalarında malnütrisyonu önlemek için tedbirler alınmalı ve saptandığında erken dönemde tedaviye başlanmalıdır. Sirozlu hastalarda beslenme tedavisindeki amaç; çok sıkı diyet kısıtlamalarından kaçınarak malnütrisyonu düzeltmek, enerji ve besin ögesi yetersizliklerini yerine koymaktır. Bu amaçla hastalara oral, enteral ve/veya parenteral yolla beslenme destek tedavileri uygulanmaktadır. Bu derleme siroz ve malnütrisyon arasındaki ilişkinin ve beslenme tedavisinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Siroz
• Malnütrisyon
• Beslenme Tedavisi

Cirrhosis And Malnutrition

Bu makale için 31 Ağustos 2024 tarihinde bir düzeltme yayımlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sbfdergisi/article/1537082

Öz

Cirrhosis, also called chronic liver disease, is the formation of an advanced degree of damage to the liver. Depending on various causes, different levels of damage occur in the liver. The cause of cirrhosis of liver damage is usually irreversible, but if it is diagnosed early, the resulting damage can be limited. Although cirrhosis does not cause symptoms at an early stage, it occurs with severe symptoms as the degree of the disease progresses. Chronic alcohol status and chronic viral hepatitis, such as Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, are the main causes of cirrhosis. The importance of nutritional treatment for liver diseases and cirrhosis is increasing every day. Malnutrition is a condition in which the structure and functions of the body are measurably negatively affected due to insufficient, unbalanced, or excessive intake of energy, protein, and other nutrients. Involuntary loss of body weight is one of the best indicators of malnutrition. In liver diseases, food intake decreases due to various causes, and malnutrition is observed quite widely. Malnutrition develops independently of the etiology in patients with cirrhosis, and accordingly, the morbidity and mortality levels are also parallel. Measures should be taken to prevent malnutrition in liver patients and treatment should be started at an early stage when detected. The purpose of nutrition treatment in cirrhosis patients is to correct malnutrition by avoiding very strict dietary restrictions and to replace energy and nutrient deficiencies. For this purpose, oral, enteral and/or parenteral nutrition support therapies are applied to patients. This review is intended to discuss the relationship between cirrhosis and malnutrition and nutritional treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cirrhosis
• Malnutrition
• Nutritional Therapy

Kaynakça

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