Echinacea purpurea (Linnaeus) Moench Bitkisinin Su ve Etanol Ekstraktlarının Antioksidan ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Ekinezya (E. purpurea L.), antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve immünomodülatör etkileriyle bilinen tıbbi bir bitkidir. Bu çalışmada, E. purpurea L. nın su ve etanol ekstraktlarının toplam fenolik ve flavonoid madde içeriği, DPPH radikal süpürme aktivitesi ve antimikrobiyal etkinliği karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Toplam fenolik madde içeriği Folin-Ciocalteu, toplam flavonoid madde içeriği alüminyum klorür kolorimetrik yöntemi ile belirlenmiş; antioksidan aktivite BHA referans alınarak DPPH yöntemiyle, antimikrobiyal aktivite ise disk difüzyon yöntemiyle spiramisin karşılaştırmalı olarak test edilmiştir. Toplam fenolik madde içeriği su ekstraktında 15,75±0,31 mg GAE/g, etanol ekstraktında 17,80±0,60 mg GAE/g; toplam flavonoid içeriği ise sırasıyla 16,16±0,37 ve 17,12±0,74 mg QE/g olarak bulunmuştur. DPPH testinde etanol ekstraktı, test edilen tüm konsantrasyonlarda (50–1000 µg/mL) su ekstraktına kıyasla daha yüksek inhibisyon göstermiş, 1000 µg/mL'de %92,13 değerine ulaşmıştır (BHA: %96,45). Antimikrobiyal değerlendirmede su ekstraktı yalnızca Pseudomonas aeruginosa'ya karşı sınırlı etki gösterirken, etanol ekstraktı Bacillus cereus ve Bacillus subtilis'e karşı da inhibisyon oluşturmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, etanol ekstraksiyonunun E. purpurea L. dan biyoaktif bileşen eldesinde su ekstraksiyonuna kıyasla genel olarak daha etkili olduğunu, ancak bu üstünlüğün parametreye göre değişkenlik gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Echinacea purpurea
• fenolik içerik
• flavonoid içerik
• DPPH
• antimikrobiyal aktivite.

Comparison of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Echinacea purpurea (Linnaeus) Moench

Öz

Echinacea (E. purpurea L.) is a medicinal plant known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, and antimicrobial efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of echinacea were comparatively evaluated. TPC was determined via the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, TFC using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, antioxidant capacity by the DPPH assay relative to BHA, and antimicrobial activity through disk diffusion compared with spiramycin. TPC values were 15.75 ± 0.31 and 17.80 ± 0.60 mg GAE/g, while TFC values were 16.16 ± 0.37 and 17.12 ± 0.74 mg QE/g for aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively. Across all tested concentrations (50–1000 µg/mL), the ethanolic extract exhibited stronger DPPH inhibition than the aqueous extract, reaching 92.13% at 1000 µg/mL (BHA: 96.45%). Antimicrobially, the aqueous extract showed limited efficacy solely against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas the ethanolic extract additionally inhibited Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. Overall, ethanol extraction proved generally more effective than aqueous extraction for isolating bioactive compounds from echinacea, though the degree of superiority varied by parameter.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Echinacea purpurea
• phenolic content
• flavonoid content
• DPPH
• antimicrobial activity.

Kaynakça

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