The Impact of Economic Growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, Financial Development and Urbanizatıon on Health Expenditure: A Time-Series Evidence on Turkish Economy

Öz

This study aims to investigate the effects of economic growth, renewable energy consumption, financial development and urbanization on health expenditures in the case of Turkey. For this purpose, the time series techniques are used in the case of Turkey from 1985 through 2018. The ADF, PP and DF-GLS tests are applied for stationarity analysis. The Johansen-Juselius and ARDL bounds test are applied for cointegration analysis. The long-run coefficients are estimated by using the DOLS estimation method. Finally, the VECM Granger causality technique is applied for causality analysis. The findings reveal that: (i) there is cointegration between the variables, (ii) renewable energy consumption and financial development have negative effects on health expenditures, (iii) economic growth has a positive impact on health expenditures, (iv) there are bidirectional causalities between health expenditure, renewable energy consumption, financial development and urbanization in the long term. In conclusion, this study confirms the critical role of renewable energy consumption and financial development in reducing health expenditures. For this reason, policymakers can focus on renewable energy projects, financial development and investments in reducing urban density to improve air quality and provide a healthy environment for the society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Health Expenditure
• Renewable Energy Consumption
• Financial Development
• Urbanization
• ARDL
• Causality

Ekonomik Büyüme, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Finansal Gelişme ve Kentleşmenin Sağlık Harcamaları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Bir Zaman Serisi Kanıtı

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye örneğinde ekonomik büyüme, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi, finansal gelişme ve kentleşmenin sağlık harcamaları üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, 1985-2018 dönemi için Türkiye özelinde zaman serisi teknikleri kullanılmaktadır. Durağanlık analizi için ADF, PP ve DF-GLS testleri uygulanmaktadır. Eşbütünleşme analizi için Johansen-Juselius ve ARDL sınır testi uygulanmaktadır. Uzun dönem katsayıları, DOLS tahmin yöntemi kullanılarak tahmin edilmektedir. Son olarak, nedensellik analizi için VECM Granger nedensellik tekniği uygulanmaktadır. Bulgular; (i) değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşmenin olduğunu, (ii) yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve finansal gelişmenin sağlık harcamaları üzerinde negatif etkisinin olduğunu, (iii) ekonomik büyümenin sağlık harcamaları üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğunu, (iv) uzun dönemde sağlık harcaması, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi, finansal gelişme ve kentleşme arasında çift yönlü nedensellik olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve finansal gelişmenin sağlık harcamalarını azaltmadaki kritik rolünü doğrulamaktadır. Bu nedenle politika yapıcıları, hava kalitesini artırmak ve topluma sağlıklı bir çevre sunabilmek için yenilenebilir enerji projelerine, finansal gelişmeye ve kent yoğunluğunu azaltmaya dönük yatırımlara ağırlık verebilirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık Harcaması
• Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi
• Finansal Gelişme
• Kentleşme
• ARDL
• Nedensellik

Kaynakça

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