HIV/AIDS Hastalığı ile Yaşam: Öz Yönetim ve Psikososyal Uyum

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 183 - 190, 30.12.2020

Sümeyye Başoğlu Ülkü Polat Canan Güngör

https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.696645

Öz

HIV/AIDS hastalığı; yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen ve epidemik özellik gösteren küresel bir halk sağlık sorunudur. Progresif (ilerleyici) ve kronik seyirli olan HIV/AIDS hastalığı fiziksel, psikososyal ve ekonomik açıdan bireyin ve ailesinin yaşamını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Özellikle hastaların yaşadığı damgalanma ve ayrımcılık korkusu psikolojik ve sosyal uyum sorunlarına neden olabilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, bu sorunların azaltılmasında hastaların öz yönetim becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik destek programlarının yararlı olduğu gösterilmiştir. HIV/AIDS hastalarında, tedavi ve bakım yönetiminin başarısı, bireyin öz yönetim ve öz bakımının yeterli olması ile mümkün olabilmektedir. HIV/AIDS’li bireylerde öz yönetimi gerektiren başlıca sorunlar arasında; diyet ve egzersize yönelik bilgi eksikliği, hastalık ve tedaviye uyumsuzluk, damgalanma, anksiyete ve depresyon sorunları yaşama, özgüvende azalma, sosyal ilişkilerde değişim ve yaşam kalitesinde düşme yer almaktadır. Kronik hastalıklarda, öz yönetim bakımın önemli bir bileşenidir. Bu nedenle sağlık profesyonellerinden özellikle hemşireler tarafından HIV/AIDS’li bireylere öz yönetim desteğinin sağlanması çok önemlidir. Bu derlemede; HIV/AIDS hastalığının epidemiyolojisi, bulaşma yolları, klinik belirtileri ve tanı ve tedavisi ile ilgili bilgilere ve ilgili araştırmalar ışığında hastaların hastalığa psikososyal uyumlarını etkileyen faktörlere ve uyumu artırmada öz yönetim desteği ve hemşirenin rollerine yer verilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

AIDS, HIV, öz yönetim, uyum

Living with HIV / AIDS: Self Management and Psychosocial Adjustment

Öz

HIV / AIDS disease is a global public health problem that negatively affects the quality of life and shows an epidemic character. HIV / AIDS disease, which is a progressive and chronic disease, negatively affects the life of an individual and his family in terms of physical, psychosocial and economic aspects. Especially the stigma experienced by the patients and the fear of discrimination can cause psychological and social adjustment problems in individuals. Previous studies have shown that the support programs for improving patients' self-management skills are beneficial in reducing these problems. The success of treatment and care management in HIV/AIDS patients is possible with the self-management and self-care of the individual. Lack of information about diet and exercise, disease and medicine nonadherence, experiencing stigma, anxiety and depression problems, decreased self-confidence, changes in social relationships and decreased quality of life are among the main problems that require self-management in individuals with HIV/AIDS. Self-management is an important component of care in chronic diseases. For this reason, it is very important to provide self-management support to individuals with HIV/AIDS, especially by nurses from health professionals. In this review; information about epidemiology, transmission ways, clinical symptoms and diagnosis and treatment of HIV / AIDS, and in the light of relevant researches, factors affecting the psychosocial adjustment of patients to the disease and the self-management supports and nurses' roles in increasing psychosocial adjustment to disease have been included.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adherence, AIDS, HIV, self-management

Kaynakça

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