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Basınç Yaralanmalarında Prediktif Hemşirelik Müdahaleleri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 177 - 184, 12.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.1707759

Öz

Basınç yaralanmaları tüm dünyada ve ülkemizde önlenebilir olmasına rağmen insidans ve prevelansı yüksek seyreden bir sağlık sorunudur. Basınç yaralanmalarının iyileşme süreçleri oldukça yavaş olmakla birlikte hastanın ve ailesinin konforunu bozan, hastaya ağrı ve acı deneyimi yaşatan, hastanede kalış süresi ve bakım maliyetlerini artıran bir durumdur. Basınç yaralanmalarının önlenmesi hasta bakım kalitesinin göstergelerinden biri olup hemşirelik girişimleri bu konuda büyük bir etki göstermektedir. Prediktif hemşirelik problemleri ortaya çıkarmayı ve tahmin etmeyi, risklerden kaçınmak için önleyici girişimlerin yapılmasını amaçlayan yeni bir hemşirelik modelidir. Kanıta dayalı hemşirelikten türetilmiş olan prediktif model hastalık oluşmadan önce ortaya çıkma riski olan semptomlar için bilimsel ve etkin hemşireliği ifade etmektedir. Basınç yaralanmalarının oluşumu risk faktörleri incelendiğinde karmaşık ve dinamik bir süreçtir. Hasta, bakım süreci ve çevre ile ilgili tüm faktörlerin etkileşimini içermektedir. Geçmiş risk modelleri incelendiğinde basınç, doku toleransı ve kesme gibi odak kavramların doğrusal olarak ele alındığı, çevre ve bakım süreci gibi basınç yaralanması oluşumunu etkileyebilecek faktörlerin ele alınmadığı görülmektedir. Geçmiş modellerden farklı olarak prediktif model basınç yaralanmalarının karmaşık doğasını yansıtmaktadır. Çevre ve bakım süreci kavramlarını risk faktörü olarak değerlendirmekte ve doğrusal olmayan, iç içe geçmiş bir risk modeli sunmaktadır. Risk seviyesini katlayarak artırabilecek ya da azaltabilecek risk kombinasyonlarını değerlendirmektedir. Prediktif modelden yola çıkılarak yapılan prediktif hemşirelik girişimleri hastaların dinamik olarak değerlendirilmesi, basınç azaltıcı cihazların kullanımı hakkında rehberlik yapma, pozisyon değişikliği, cilt bakımı, beslenme danışmanlığı gibi öngörücü ve tedavi edici girişimleri içermektedir. Prediktif girişimler semptomların oluşma olasılığını azaltabilmekte ya da terapötik etkileri hastalığın prognozunu iyileştirebilmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı prediktif hemşirelik modelini ve basınç yaralanmalarında uygun prediktif hemşirelik girişimlerini açıklamaktır.

Kaynakça

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Predictive Nursing Interventions in Pressure Injuries

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 177 - 184, 12.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.1707759

Öz

Although pressure injuries are preventable both globally and in our country, they remain a significant health problem with high incidence and prevalence rates. Their slow healing process causes pain and discomfort for patients, distress for families, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. Prevention of pressure injuries is a key indicator of care quality, and nursing interventions play a crucial role in this process. Predictive nursing is a modern approach that aims to identify potential nursing problems in advance and implement preventive interventions to mitigate risk. Derived from evidence-based nursing, the predictive model offers a scientific and effective strategy for addressing symptoms before disease onset. The development of pressure injuries is a complex and dynamic process involving interactions between patient-specific, care-related, and environmental factors. While previous models focused on linear concepts like pressure, tissue tolerance, and shear, they overlooked environmental and care-related factors. In contrast, the predictive model captures the complex nature of pressure injuries through a nonlinear, interrelated risk assessment approach. It evaluates risk factor combinations that may exponentially increase or decrease risk levels. Predictive nursing interventions based on this model include dynamic patient assessments, guidance on pressure-relieving devices, repositioning, skin care, and nutritional counseling. These interventions can reduce the likelihood of symptom development or positively influence disease prognosis.

Kaynakça

  • Ackley, B. J., Ladwig, G. B., Makic, M. B. F., Kratz, M. M., & Zanotti, M. (2022). Hemşirelik tanıları el kitabı: Bakım planlamasında kanıta dayalı rehber (N. Gurhan, Cev. Ed.). Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri.
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  • Avsar, P., Moore, Z., Patton, D., O’Connor, T., Budri, A. M., & Nugent, L. (2020). Repositioning for preventing pressure ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Wound Care, 29(9), 496–508. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.9.496
  • Avsar, P., Patton, D., Cuddigan, J., & Moore, Z. (2024). A systematic review on the impact of subepidermal moisture assessments on pressure ulcer/injury care delivery pathways. International Wound Journal, 21(6), e14928. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14928
  • Aydın Kahraman, H. ve İpek Çoban, G. (2024). Tıbbi cihaza bağlı basınç yarası gelişme riski. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), 486–493.
  • Baykara, Z. G., Karadağ, A., Bulut, H., Duluklu, B., Karabulut, H., Aktaş, D., ... & Avsar, P. (2023). Pressure injury prevalence and risk factors: A national multicenter analytical study. Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, 50(4), 289–295. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000995
  • Benoit, R., & Mion, L. (2012). Risk factors for pressure ulcer development in critically ill patients: A conceptual model to guide research. Research in Nursing & Health, 35(4), 340–362. doi: 10.1002/nur.21481
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  • Çor, Z. ve Soysal, G. E. (2024b). Basınç yarası önleme çalışmaları: Güncel bakış. Ahi Evran Medical Journal, 8(2), 242–250.
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  • Demling, R. H. (2009). Nutrition, anabolism, and the wound healing process: An overview. Eplasty, 9, e9.
  • Deng, G. L., Lei, Y. L., Tan, H., Geng, B. C., & Liu, Z. (2024). Effects of predictive nursing interventions on pressure ulcer in elderly bedridden patients. International Wound Journal, 21(3), e14690. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14690
  • Deng, N. N., & Mei, L. (2025). Effect of predictive nursing intervention on preventing deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity after hip arthroplasty. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 31(5), 755–760. doi: 10.63278/mme.vi.1629
  • Dissemond, J., Assenheimer, B., Gerber, V., Hintner, M., Puntigam, M. J., Kolbig, N., … Kottner, J. (2021). Moisture-associated skin damage (MASD): A best practice recommendation from Wund-D.A.CH. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 19(6), 815–825. doi: 10.1111/ddg.14388
  • Ece, Z. (2024). Yoğun bakım hastalarında basınç yarası oluşumunda predispozan faktörlerin etkisi: Retrospektif bir çalışma [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.
  • Efteli, E. (2020). An important problem in nursing care; pressure sores. Current Perspectives on Health Sciences, 1(1), 1–10.
  • Ergezen, F. D. ve Kol, E. (2021). Karşılanamayan hemşirelik bakımı. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 18(4). doi: 10.5152/jern.2021.16768
  • Forni, C., Gazineo, D., Allegrini, E., Bolgeo, T., Brugnolli, A., Canzan, F., ... & Zanelli, S. (2022). Effectiveness of a multi-layer silicone-adhesive polyurethane foam dressing as prevention for sacral pressure ulcers in at-risk in-patients: Randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 127, 104172. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104172
  • Fulbrook, P., Mbuzi, V., & Miles, S. (2019). Effectiveness of prophylactic sacral protective dressings to prevent pressure injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 100, 103400. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103400
  • Furtado, K., Voorham, J., Infante, P., Afonso, A., Morais, C., Lucas, P., & Lopes, M. (2023). The relationship between nursing practice environment and pressure ulcer care quality in Portugal’s long-term care units. Healthcare (Basel), 11(12). doi: 10.3390/healthcare11121751
  • García-Fernández, F. P., Agreda, J. J. S., Verdú, J., & Pancorbo-Hidalgo, P. L. (2014). A new theoretical model for the development of pressure ulcers and other dependence-related lesions. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 46(1), 28–38. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12051
  • Gencer, Z. E., Ünal, E. ve Özkan, Ö. (2019). Basınç ülserleri tedavi maliyetleri etkililik analizi; konvansiyonel ve modern yara bakım tedavi maliyetlerinin karşılaştırılması. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, 5(2), 201–208. doi: 10.17954/amj.2018.1099
  • Gong, L., Ruan, C., Yang, X., & Lin, W. (2021). Effects of predictive nursing intervention among patients with acute stroke. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 50(7), 1398. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v50i7.6629
  • Gupta, P., Shiju, S., Chacko, G., Thomas, M., Abas, A., Savarimuthu, I., … & Andrews, W. (2020). A quality improvement programme to reduce hospital-acquired pressure injuries. BMJ Open Quality, 9(3). doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000905
  • Haesler, E. (2017). Evidence Summary: Pressure Injuries: Preventing medical device related pressure injuries. Wound Practice & Research: Journal of the Australian Wound Management Association, 25(4), 214–216.
  • Hajhosseini, B., Longaker, M. T., & Gurtner, G. C. (2020). Pressure injury. Annals of Surgery, 271(4), 671–679. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003567
  • Han, L., Kang, X., Tao, H., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Lv, L., & Ma, Y. (2025). The relationship between arterial partial pressure of oxygen and pressure injuries in intensive care unit patients: A multi-center cross-sectional study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 86, 103785. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103785
  • Hanson, D., Langemo, D. K., Anderson, J., Thompson, P., & Hunter, S. (2010). Friction and shear considerations in pressure ulcer development. Advances in Skin & Wound Care, 23(1), 21–24. doi: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000363489.38996.13
  • Kandemir, D. ve Yüksel, S. (2021). Ameliyat kaynaklı basınç yaralanmalarını önlemede etkili kanıt temelli girişimler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 85–92. doi: 10.31125/hunhemsire.907916
  • Jackson, D., Sarki, A. M., Betteridge, R., & Brooke, J. (2019). Medical device-related pressure ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 92, 109–120. doi: 10.1016/ijmurstu.2019.02.006
  • Kara, H. ve Arıkan, F. (2020). Tıbbi cihaza bağlı basınç yarasının önlenmesi. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi, 24(1), 15–21.
  • Kim, C. G., Park, S., Ko, J. W., & Jo, S. (2018). The relationship of subepidermal moisture and early stage pressure injury by visual skin assessment. Journal of Tissue Viability, 27(3), 130–134. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2018.05.002
  • Konateke, S. (2021). Ameliyathanelerde önemli bir risk: Basınç yaralanması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(3), 365–372. doi: 10.17049/ataunihem.902979
  • Köksel, P. (2023). Ameliyathane kaynaklı basınç yaralanması–perioperatif dönemde önlenebilir bir risk: Klasik derleme. Cumhuriyet Nursing Journal, 7(1), 25–31.
  • Langemo, D., Anderson, J., Hanson, D., Thompson, P., & Johnson, E. (2022). The conundrum of turning/repositioning frequency, sleep surface selection, and sleep disruption in preventing pressure injury in healthcare settings. Advances in Skin & Wound Care, 35(5), 252–259. doi: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000824780.10098.d1
  • Li, G., Chen, H., Yang, J., Peng, M., Cheng, P., Cai, Y., & Hu, Q. (2024). Advances and trends in pressure ulcer care research over the last 20 years: A bibliometric and visual analysis. Heliyon, 10(19), e38529. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38529
  • Li, Z., Marshall, A. P., Lin, F., Ding, Y., & Chaboyer, W. (2022). Registered nurses’ approach to pressure injury prevention: A descriptive qualitative study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 78(8), 2575–2585. doi: 10.1111/jan.15218
  • Liu, H., Xu, J., Dong, X., Fan, C., & Zhang, K. (2020). Effects of predictive nursing on delirium after spinal surgery. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 13(9), 6335–6343.
  • Lucchini, A., Villa, M., Maino, C., Alongi, F., Fiorica, V., Lipani, B., ... & Giani, M. (2024). The occurrence of pressure injuries and related risk factors in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure: A retrospective single centre study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 82, 103654. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103654
  • Lustig, M., Wiggermann, N., & Gefen, A. (2020). How patient migration in bed affects the sacral soft tissue loading and thereby the risk for a hospital-acquired pressure injury. International Wound Journal, 17(3), 631–640. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13316
  • Moda Vitoriano Budri, A., Moore, Z., Patton, D., O’Connor, T., Nugent, L., McCann, A., & Avsar, P. (2020). Impaired mobility and pressure ulcer development in older adults: Excess movement and too little movement—Two sides of the one coin? Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(15–16), 2927–2944. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15316
  • National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, & Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance. (2019). Basınç ülserlerinin/yaralarının önlenmesi ve tedavisi: Hızlı başvuru kılavuzu 2019 (E. Haesler, Ed.) [Türkçe versiyon]. EPUAP/NPIAP/PPPIA.
  • National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance (NPIAP, EPUAP, PPPIA). (2025). Pressure Injuries/Ulcers: Definition and Etiology. In Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline. The International Guideline: Fourth Edition (E. Haesler, Ed.). Erişim adresi (17.05.2025): https://internationalguideline.com/etiology
  • Noie, A., Jackson, A. C., Taheri, M., Sayadi, L., & Bahramnezhad, F. (2024). Determining the frequency of pressure ulcers incidence and associated risk factors in critical care patients: A 3-year retrospective study. International Wound Journal, 21(11), e70120. doi: 10.1111/iwj.70120
  • Padula, W. V., Crawford, S. A., Kennerly, S. M., & Yap, T. L. (2024). Estimating the value of repositioning timing to streamline pressure injury prevention efforts in nursing homes: A cost-effectiveness analysis of the ‘TEAM-UP’ clinical trial. International Wound Journal, 21(3), e14452. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14452
  • Pan, M., & Zhang, L. (2024). The effect of predictive nursing based on an early warning system for risk in patients with acute respiratory failure in the intensive care unit. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 40(8), 1819–1824. doi: 10.12669/pjms.40.8.9506
  • Peko, L., Barakat-Johnson, M., & Gefen, A. (2020). Protecting prone positioned patients from facial pressure ulcers using prophylactic dressings: A timely biomechanical analysis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Wound Journal, 17(6), 1595–1606. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13435
  • Portoghese, C., Deppisch, M., Sonenblum, S., Samson, B., Munro, C., Capasso, V., ... & Brienza, D. (2024). The role of shear stress and shear strain in pressure injury development. Advances in Skin & Wound Care, 37(1), 20–25. doi: 10.1097/asw.0000000000000075
  • Powers, J., Beaubien, R., Brunner, T., Girardot, K., Rechter, J., & Richardson, J. (2020). Comparing a patient positioning system to an overhead lift with pillows for impact on turning effectiveness. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 59, 102847. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102847
  • Qian, L., Yan, S., Ting, S. T., Han, Z. M., & Qi, T. (2024). Complications and psychological impact of pressure ulcers on patients and caregivers. International Wound Journal, 21(4), e14836. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14836
  • Qiong, L., & Hui, Z. (2016). Application of predictive nursing reduces psychiatric complications in ICU patients after neurosurgery. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 45(4), 469.
  • Raja, S. N., Carr, D. B., Cohen, M., Finnerup, N. B., Flor, H., Gibson, S., ... & Vader, K. (2020). The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: Concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain, 161(9), 1976–1982. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939
  • Rahman-Synthia, S. S., Kumar, S., Boparai, S., Gupta, S., Mohtashim, A., & Ali, D. (2023). Prophylactic use of silicone dressing to minimize pressure injuries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Enfermería Clínica (English Edition), 33(1), 4–13. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcle.2022.05.002
  • Rızalar, S. (2020). Ameliyat geçiren hastalarda basınç yaralanmalarının önlenmesi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Holistik Sağlık Dergisi, 3(1), 88–97.
  • Saeg, F., Orazi, R., Bowers, G. M., & Janis, J. E. (2021). Evidence-based nutritional interventions in wound care. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 148(1), 226–238. doi: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008061
  • Santiago-Gonzalez, N., Garcia-Hernandez, M. L., Cruz-Bello, P., Chaparro-Diaz, L., Rico-Gonzalez, M. L., Hernandez-Ortega, Y., & Santiago-Abundio, J. (2024). Nursing interventions related to the need for oxygenation in severe COVID-19 disease in hospitalized adults: A retrospective study. Nursing Reports, 14(4), 3126–3137. doi: 10.3390/nursrep14040227
  • Sezgunsay, E., Başak, T., Şıvgın, N. ve Oksuz, S. (2023). Hemşirelerin basınç yaralanmasına yönelik bilgi düzeyleri. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 257–263.
  • Shi, C., Dumville, J. C., Cullum, N., Rhodes, S., & McInnes, E. (2021). Alternative reactive support surfaces (non-foam and non-air-filled) for preventing pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5), Article CD013623. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013623.pub2
  • Shunhua, L., Xiujuan, Q., & Yu, N. (2025). Study of predictive nursing intervention based on causal analysis in patients with radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Preprint (Version 1) available at Research Square. doi: 10.21203/rs-6270830/v1
  • Sillmon, K., Moran, C., Shook, L., Lawson, C., & Burfield, A. H. (2021). The use of prophylactic foam dressings for prevention of hospital-acquired pressure injuries: A systematic review. Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, 48(3), 211–218. doi: 10.1097/won.0000000000000762
  • Sodoma, A. M., Shain, S., Naseeb, M. W., Greenberg, S., Skulikidis, A., & Arshad, S. (2024). Outcomes of pressure ulcer injuries classified by race: A 10-year nationwide analysis. Cureus, 16(10), e71097. doi: 10.7759/cureus.71097
  • Tschannen, D., & Anderson, C. (2020). The pressure injury predictive model: A framework for hospital-acquired pressure injuries. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(7–8), 1398–1421. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15171
  • Ucar, O., & İlce, A. (2023). Palyatif hemşirelerin basınç yarası önleme bilgi düzeyleri ile tutumları arasındaki ilişki. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sağlık Dergisi, 4(2), 213–223.
  • Wang, N., Lv, L., Yan, F., Ma, Y., Miao, L., Chung, L. Y. F., & Han, L. (2022). Biomarkers for the early detection of pressure injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Tissue Viability, 31(2), 259–267. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2022.02.005
  • Wilson, H., Moore, Z., Avsar, P., Moda Vitoriano Budri, A., O’Connor, T., Nugent, L., & Patton, D. (2021). Exploring the role of pain as an early indicator for individuals at risk of pressure ulcer development: A systematic review. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(4), 299–307. doi: 10.1111/wvn.12528
  • Wilson, H. J. E., Patton, D., Budri, A. M. V., Boland, F., O’Connor, T., McDonnell, C. O., Rai, H., … Moore, Z. E. H. (2024). The correlation between subepidermal moisture measurement and other early indicators of pressure ulcer development—A prospective cohort observational study. Part 1. The correlation between sub-epidermal moisture measurement and ultrasound. International Wound Journal, 21(3), e14732. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14732
  • Wunderle, C., Gomes, F., Schuetz, P., Stumpf, F., Austin, P., Ballesteros-Pomar, M. D., ... & Bischoff, S. C. (2024). ESPEN practical guideline: Nutritional support for polymorbid medical inpatients. Clinical Nutrition, 43(3), 674–691.
  • Xue, L., Deng, J., Zhu, L., Shen, F., Wei, J., Wang, L., ... Wang, L. (2023). Effects of predictive nursing intervention on cognitive impairment and neurological function in ischemic stroke patients. Brain and Behavior, 13(3), e2890. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2890
  • Yankın, S. ve Yıldırım, N. (2024). Basınç ülseri önlenmesinde hemşirenin rolü. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 1–11.
  • Yap, T. L., Horn, S. D., Sharkey, P. D., Zheng, T., Bergstrom, N., Colon-Emeric, C., … & Kennerly, S. M. (2022). Effect of varying repositioning frequency on pressure injury prevention in nursing home residents: TEAM-UP trial results. Advances in Skin & Wound Care, 35(6), 315–325. doi: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000817840.68588.04
  • Zhu, Y., & Duan, X. (2021). Predictive nursing helps improve treatment efficacy, treatment compliance, and quality of life in unstable angina pectoris patients. American Journal of Translational Research, 13(4), 3473–3479.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Cerrahi Hastalıklar Hemşireliği, Dahili Hastalıklar Hemşireliği, Hemşirelik Esasları, Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği
Bölüm Derleme Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ayşe Nur Karagöz 0009-0005-8706-9629

Gülten Okuroğlu 0000-0003-2231-3924

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 7 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 17 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karagöz, A. N., & Okuroğlu, G. (2025). Basınç Yaralanmalarında Prediktif Hemşirelik Müdahaleleri. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 7(2), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.1707759
AMA Karagöz AN, Okuroğlu G. Basınç Yaralanmalarında Prediktif Hemşirelik Müdahaleleri. SBÜHD. Ağustos 2025;7(2):177-184. doi:10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.1707759
Chicago Karagöz, Ayşe Nur, ve Gülten Okuroğlu. “Basınç Yaralanmalarında Prediktif Hemşirelik Müdahaleleri”. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi 7, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2025): 177-84. https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.1707759.
EndNote Karagöz AN, Okuroğlu G (01 Ağustos 2025) Basınç Yaralanmalarında Prediktif Hemşirelik Müdahaleleri. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi 7 2 177–184.
IEEE A. N. Karagöz ve G. Okuroğlu, “Basınç Yaralanmalarında Prediktif Hemşirelik Müdahaleleri”, SBÜHD, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 177–184, 2025, doi: 10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.1707759.
ISNAD Karagöz, Ayşe Nur - Okuroğlu, Gülten. “Basınç Yaralanmalarında Prediktif Hemşirelik Müdahaleleri”. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi 7/2 (Ağustos2025), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.1707759.
JAMA Karagöz AN, Okuroğlu G. Basınç Yaralanmalarında Prediktif Hemşirelik Müdahaleleri. SBÜHD. 2025;7:177–184.
MLA Karagöz, Ayşe Nur ve Gülten Okuroğlu. “Basınç Yaralanmalarında Prediktif Hemşirelik Müdahaleleri”. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 177-84, doi:10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.1707759.
Vancouver Karagöz AN, Okuroğlu G. Basınç Yaralanmalarında Prediktif Hemşirelik Müdahaleleri. SBÜHD. 2025;7(2):177-84.

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