Multipl Skleroz-Reece Damgalama Ölçeği (MS-RSS) Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz

Amaç: Stigma, diğer kronik hastalıklarda olduğu gibi multipl skleroz hastalarının da biyopsikososyal yaşamlarını ve tedavi süreçlerini etkileyen bir davranıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kısa ve güvenilir bir ölçek olan Reece Stigma Ölçeği-Multiple Sclerosis'i (RSS-MS) Multipile Skleroz-Reece Stigma Sakala (MS-RSS) adıyla Türkçeye uyarlamak ve geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini Multipl Skleroz tanısı almış ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 416 birey oluşturdu. Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden bireylere "Kişisel Bilgi Formu" ve Türkçe'ye çevrilmiş "MS-RSS" uygulandı. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini incelemek için Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapıldı. Ölçeğin güvenilirliğini hesaplamak için iç tutarlılık katsayısı (Cronbach's Alpha) ve madde-toplam korelasyonları analiz edildi. Bulgular: Minimum Ki-kare değerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu ve diğer uyum indeksi değerlerinin istenen aralıkta olduğu bulundu. CFA'da Standardize Regresyon Katsayıları (std. β) 0,30'un üzerinde, pozitif ve anlamlıydı. Cronbach'ın Alfa katsayısı 0,844 ve madde-toplam korelasyonları 0,334 ile 0,742 arasında değişiyordu. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak MS-RSS, MS hastalarında damgalanma algısının değerlendirilmesinde etkili bir araç olarak kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Multipl skleroz
• stigma
• tıbbi sosyal hizmet
• reece stigma ölçeği

Multiple Sclerosis-Reece Stigma Scale (MS-RSS) Turkish Adaptation: Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

Objective: Stigma is a behavior that affects the bio-psycho-social lives of patients with multiple sclerosis, as it does in other chronic diseases, as well as their treatment processes. The aim of this study is to adapt the short and reliable Reece Stigma Scale-Multiple Sclerosis (RSS-MS) into Turkish under the name of Multipile Skleroz-Reece Stigma Sakala (MS-RSS) and to conduct its validity and reliability study. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 416 individuals diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. The "Personal Information Form" and the "MS-RSS" translated into Turkish were applied to individuals who agreed to participate in the study. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the construct validity of the scale. To calculate the reliability of the scale, internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) and item-total correlations were analyzed. Results: It was found that the minimum Chi-square value was statistically significant and the other fit index values were within the desired range. In CFA, the Standardized Regression Coefficients (std. β) were above 0.30, positive and significant. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.844 and item-total correlations ranged between 0.334 and 0.742. Conclusion: In conclusion, the MS-RSS can be used as an effective tool in assessing the perception of stigma among MS patients.

Keywords

• Multiple Sclerosis
• Stigma
• Medical social work
• Reece Stigma Scale

Kaynakça

1. Abolhassani, S., Yazdannik, A., Taleghani, F., & Zamani, A. (2015). Social aspects of multiple sclerosis for Iranian individuals. Disability and Rehabilitation, 37(4), 319-326. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2014.933074
2. Akbulut, Y. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS uygulamaları. İstanbul: İdeal Kültür Yayıncılık.
3. Baykul, Y. (1979). Örtük özellikler ve klasik test kuramları üzerine bir karşılaştırma (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
4. Broersma, F., Oeseburg, B., Dijkstra, J., & Wynia, K. (2018). The impact of self-perceived limitations, stigma and sense of coherence on quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: Results of a cross-sectional study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 32(4), 536-545. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215517742140
5. Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2001). Quantitative data analysis with SPSS release 10 for Windows: A guide for social scientists. London: Routledge.
6. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için veri el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum (14. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
7. Cadden, M.H., Arnett, P.A, Tyry, T.M., & Cook, J.E. (2018). Judgment hurts: The psychological consequences of experiencing stigma in multiple sclerosis. Social Science & Medicine, 208, 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.026
8. Cerny, B.A., & Kaiser, H.F. (1977). A study of a measure of sampling adequacy for factor-analytic correlation matrices. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 12(1), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr1201_3

9. Chan, L.L., & Idris, N. (2017). Validity and reliability of the instrument using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(10), 400-410. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i10/3485
10. Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203029053
11. Cook, J.E., Germano, A.L., & Stadler, G. (2016). An exploratory investigation of social stigma and concealment in patients with multiple sclerosis. International Journal of MS Care, 18(2), 78-84. https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2015-045
12. Çakır, M., & Yurtsever, E. (2020). Multiple skleroz hastalarının hastalık deneyimlerinin sosyal hizmet perspektifinden incelenmesi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 32(4), 1441-1466. https://doi.org/10.33960/tsd.726950
13. Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (1. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
14. Delgado-Rico, E., Carrctero-Dios, H., & Ruch, W. (2012) Content validity evidences in test development: An applied perspective. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 12, 449-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2012.04.002
15. Dobson, R., & Giovannoni, G. (2019). Multiple sclerosis–a review. European Journal of Neurology, 26(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-1331.14606
16. Earnshaw, V.A., & Quinn, D.M. (2012). The impact of stigma in healthcare on people living with chronic illnesses. Journal of Health Psychology, 17(2), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105311414850
17. Eldridge-Smith, E.D., Loew, M., & Stepleman, L.M. (2021). The adaptation and validation of a stigma measure for individuals with multiple sclerosis. Disability and Rehabilitation, 43(2),262-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1624737
18. Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3. baskı). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
19. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple study guide and reference (10. baskı). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.
20. Gharibi, T., Babaloo, Z., Hosseini, A., Marofi, F., Ebrahimi-Kalan, A., Jahandideh, S., & Baradaran, B. (2020). The role of B cells in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Immunology, 160(4), 325-335. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13235
21. Goldenberg, M.M. (2012). Multiple sclerosis review. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 37(3), 175-184.
22. Gorusch, R.L. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
23. Grothe, L., Grothe, M., Wingert, J., Schomerus, G., & Speerforck, S. (2022). Stigma in multiple sclerosis: The important role of sense of coherence and its relation to quality of life. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-022-10043-2
24. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN: 0135153093, 9780135153093.
25. Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. Oxford University Press, 21-23.
26. Hauser, S.L., & Cree, B.A. (2020). Treatment of multiple sclerosis: A review. The American Journal of Medicine, 133(12), 1380-1390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.06.015
27. Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
28. Hudgens, S., Katz, E.G., Davies, E., Keenan, A., Sidorenko, T., & Jamieson, C. (2024). Meaningful change thresholds and fatigue severity points on patient-reported outcomes by the Fatigue Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire (FSIQ-RMS) in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Value in Health, 27(5), 598-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2024.03.005
29. Kaiser, H.F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
30. Kever, A., & Leavitt, V.M. (2022). Assessing diagnosis disclosure and concealment in multiple sclerosis: Development and initial validation of the DISCO-MS survey. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 28(2), 247-256. https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585211020723
31. Kister, I., Bacon, T.E., Chamot, E., Salter, A.R., Cutter, G.R., Kalina, J.T., & Herbert, J. (2013). Natural history of multiple sclerosis symptoms. International Journal of MS Care, 15(3), 146-156. https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2013-031
32. Koçhan, O. (2022) Multipl skleroz hastalarında beklenen damgalamanın yaşam kalitesi ve işlevsellik kaybı ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi (Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi). Bolu: Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi.
33. Lance, C.E., & Vandenberg, R.J. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis. In F. Drasgow & N. Schmitt (Eds.), Measuring and analyzing behavior in organizations: Advances in measurement and data analysis (pp. 221–254). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
34. Lepore, V., Paletta, P., Bosetti, C., Santucci, C., Ponzio, M., Pupillo, E., & Mosconi, P. (2024). Temporal and spatial patterns in the prescriptions of disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis: Results from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Register. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 87,105638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2024.105638
35. LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2017). Reliability and validity. In G. LoBiondo-Wood & J. Haber (Eds.), Nursing research: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice (pp. 289-294). New York: Elsevier Health.
36. Lublin, F.D., Häring, D.A., Ganjgahi, H., Ocampo, A., Hatami, F., Čuklina, J., & Bermel, R.A. (2022). How patients with multiple sclerosis acquire disability. Brain, 145(9), 3147-3161. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab179
37. Maurino, J., Martínez-Ginés, M.L., García-Domínguez, J.M., Solar, M.D., Carcelén-Gadea, M., & Ares-Luque, A., … W-IMPACT Study Group. (2020). Workplace difficulties, health-related quality of life, and perception of stigma from the perspective of patients with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 41, 102046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.102046
38. Moral-Torres, E., Fernández-Fernández, Ó., Caballero-Martínez, F., Carrascal-Rueda, P., Monge-Martín, D., & Campos-Lucas, F.J. (2021). Patient experience and self-perceived biopsychosocial burden of people living with multiple sclerosis: An epidemiological survey (BPS-MuScle study) in Spain. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 56, 103186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2021.103186
39. Munro, B.H. (2005). Statistical methods for health care research (Vol. 1). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
40. Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
41. Nunnally, J., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
42. Ochoa-Morales, A., Fresan-Orellana, A., Hernández-Mojica, T., Jara-Prado, A., Corona-Vázquez, T., Flores-Rivera, J.J., … & de Montellano D.D.O. (2021). Perceived discrimination in patients with multiple sclerosis and depressive symptomatology. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 48, 102705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2021.102705
43. Pérez-Miralles, F., Prefasi, D., García-Merino, A., Ara, J.R., Izquierdo, G., Meca-Lallana, V., & Casanova-Estruch, B. (2019). Perception of stigma in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal–Experimental, Translational and Clinical, 5(2), 2055217319852717. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055217319852717
44. Polit, D.F., Beck, C.T., & Owen, S.V. (2007). Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(4), 459-467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20218
45. Reece, M. (2003). HIV-related mental health care: Factors influencing dropout among low-income, HIV-positive individuals. AIDS Care, 15(5), 707-716. https://doi.org/10.1080/0954012031000133920
46. Rodríguez-Menéndez, S., Martínez-Piédrola, R. M., Menéndez-González, M., & Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, M. (2024). Influencia de la capacidad manipulativa en la calidad de vida y actividades de la vida diaria en la esclerosis múltiple. Revista de Neurología, 78(8), 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2024.01.004
47. Sullivan, G.M. (2011). A primer on the validity of assessment instruments. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 3, 119-120. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-11-00003.1
48. Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı. (Çev. M.Baloğlu). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
49. Terzi, M., Çelik, Y., Kılınç, M., Seleker, F., Işık, N., Gedizlioğlu, M., & Zorlu, Y. (2009). General Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in Turkey. Turk Norol Derg., 15, 125-128.
50. Thompson, A.J., Toosy, A.T., & Ciccarelli, O. (2010). Pharmacological management of symptoms in multiple sclerosis: Current approaches and future directions. The Lancet Neurology, 9(12), 1182-1199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70246-8
51. Tworek, G., Thompson, N.R., Kane, A., & Sullivan, A.B. (2023). The impact of stigma on perceived quality of life and experience of anxiety and depression in individuals diagnosed with MS. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 72, 104591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2023.104591
52. Schumacker, R.E, & Lomax, R.G. (2010). Structural equation modeling. New York: Routledge.
53. Sharifi, N., Kohpeima Jahromi, V., Zahedi, R., Aram, S., & Ahmadi, M. (2023). Social stigma and its relationship with quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. BMC Neurology, 23(1), 408. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03020-4
54. Spencer, L.A., Silverman, A.M., & Cook, J.E. (2019). Adapting to multiple sclerosis stigma across the life span. International Journal of MS Care, 21(5), 227-234. https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2018-066
55. Şimşek, Ö.F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks Yayınevi.
56. Vitturi, B.K., Rahmani, A., Dini, G., Montecucco, A., Debarbieri, N., Bandiera, P., & Durando, P. (2022). Stigma, discrimination and disclosure of the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in the workplace: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9452. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159452