United States Information Agency’nin (USIA) Amerikan Kamu Diplomasisindeki Önemi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 136 - 177, 30.09.2021

Erkan Aydınlı

Öz

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri uzun zamandır yabancı ülkelerin halklarını kamu dip-lomasisi yoluyla etkilemeye çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Amerika Birleşik Devletle-ri’nin kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerini yürüten United States Information Agency’nin (USIA), misyonu, yapısı, faaliyetleri ve Soğuk Savaş sürecine etkisi incelenmiştir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı, eski diplomasinin uygulamalarının başarısızlığını ortaya ko-yarken ulusların ideolojik ve askeri bloklara bölünmüş bir dünya için yeni bir diplo-masi yaratılmasını gerektirmişti. Çünkü II. Dünya Savaşı’nın dünyada açtığı yaralar ve dramatik deneyimler Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Sovyetler Birliği arasındaki iki kutuplu çatışmanın yerini askeri olmayan savaş araçlarına yönlendirmişti. Bu amaçla kurulan USIA, Amerikan ulusal çıkarlarını korumak ve Sovyetler Birliği’ne karşı “kalp ve zihin savaşını” kazanmak için açık/örtülü propaganda operasyonla-rı, uluslararası yayıncılık, yurtdışındaki yerel medyayı etkileme, kişisel temasları ve kültürel alışverişleri teşvik etmek gibi birtakım faaliyetler yürütmüştür. Amerikan Hükümet organlarının yurtdışında sahip olduğu en geniş yerel görev ağına ve yet-kisine sahip olan USIA, yürüttüğü faaliyetlerle hem komünizme hem de Sovyetlere karşı güçlü bir propaganda aracı olarak uzun yıllar Amerikan kamu diplomasisinin merkezinde yer almıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

US Information Agency, USIA, Amerikan Kamu Diplomasisi, Amerikan Propagandası, Soğuk Savaş

The Importance of United States Information Agency (USIA) In Public Diplomacy

Öz

The United States has long sought to influence the peoples of foreign countries through public diplomacy. In this study, the mission, structure, activities of the United States Information Agency (USIA), which carries out the public diplomacy activities of the United States, and its effect on the Cold War process were examined. While the Second World War revealed the failure of the practices of the old diplomacy, it required the creation of a new concept of diplomacy for a world divided into ideological and military blocs of nations. Because the wounds and traumatic experiences inflicted by the Second World War throughout the world, the bipolar conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union was replaced by non-military war instruments. Established for this purpose, USIA carried out a number of activities such as overt/covert propaganda operations, international broadcasting, influencing local media abroad, promoting personal contacts and cultural exchanges in order to protect American national interests and win the “heart and mind war” against the Soviet Union. USIA, which has the widest local mission network and authority that the American government organs in abroad, has been at the center of American public diplomacy for many years as a powerful propaganda tool against both communism and the Soviets with these activities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

US Information Agency, USIA, American Public Diplomacy, American Propaganda, Cold War

Kaynakça

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