Histochemical Structure of Glycoproteins of Lurus kraepelini (Scorpiones, Luridae) Venom Gland

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to determine the histochemical structure of the venom gland of Lurus kraepelini (von Ubisch, 1922) scorpions. Telsons belonging to 50 Lurus kraepelini collected from Aksu district of Isparta were used as material. The histological structure of the venom sac and the histochemical structure of the glycoproteins were determined using appropriate staining techniques. In the general histological structure of the venom gland, it was determined that the inner part of the venom sac consisted of connective tissue, and that venom secreting cells, support cells and mucus cells were found in this connective tissue. By histochemical staining methods, it was determined that the venom gland had sulphate and carboxylic acidic, sialic acid, neutral and acidic mucosubstances, and it was understood that the glycoproteins in each region of the venom gland had different characters. As a result, the chitin layer in the venom gland was neutral, sulfated and acidic; neutral of the muscle layer and venom secretion cells; It was determined that epithelial secretory cells contained acidic mucosubstance intensely. On the other hand, it was noted that it did not contain glycoproteins with strong sulfates, weak sulfates and sulfate esters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Scorpion
• Lurus kraepelini
• Venom gland
• Glycoprotein
• Histochemistry

Lurus kraepelini (Scorpiones, Luridae) Zehir Bezi Glikoproteinlerinin Histokimyasal Yapısı

Öz

Bu çalışmada Lurus kraepelini (von Ubisch, 1922) türü akreplerin zehir bezinin histokimyasal yapısının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Materyal olarak Isparta’nın Aksu ilçesinden toplanan 50 adet Lurus kraepelini’ye ait telsonlar kullanıldı. Zehir kesesinin histolojik yapısı ve glikoproteinlerin histokimyasal yapısı uygun boyama teknikleri kullanılarak belirlendi. Zehir bezinin genel histolojik yapısında zehir kesesinin iç kısmının bağ dokusundan oluştuğu ve bu bağ dokusu içerisinde zehir salgılayan hücreler, destek hücreleri ve mukus hücrelerinin bulunduğu belirlendi. Histokimyasal boyama yöntemleriyle zehir bezinin sülfatlı ve karboksilli asidik, siyalik asitli, nötr ve asidik mukosubstansa sahip olduğu tespit edilerek zehir bezinin her bölgesindeki glikoproteinlerin farklı karakterlere sahip olduğu anlaşıldı. Sonuç olarak zehir bezinde kitin tabakasının nötr, sülfatlı ve asidik; kas tabakasının ve zehir salgı hücrelerinin nötr; epitel salgı hücrelerinin ise asidik mukosubstansı yoğun olarak içerdiği belirlendi. Buna karşın güçlü sülfatlı, zayıf sülfatlı ve sülfat esterli glikoproteinleri içermediği dikkati çekti.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• akrep
• lurus kraepelini
• zehir bezi
• glikoprotein
• histokimya
• Scorpion
• Lurus kraepelini
• Venom gland
• Glycoprotein
• Histochemistry

Kaynakça

1. [1] Alexander JO, 1984. Arthropods and Human Skin. Springer Verlag. New – York, 197 – 207.
2. [2] Özkan, Ö., Karaer, K. Z., 2007. Akreplerin Biyolojisi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 64, 1, 51-60.
3. [3] Plessis, L.H., Elgar, D. Ve Plessis, J.L., 2008. Southern Africanscorpiontoxins: An Overeview, Toxicon, 51, 1-9.
4. [4] Yağmur, E.A., 2011. Güneydoğu Anadolu Akrep (Arachnida: Scorpiones) Faunası: Sistematiği ve Zoocoğrafyası, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 220 s.
5. [5] Kamaoğlu, A., 2014. Calchas nordmanni Venomunda Bulunan Peptidlerin Antibakteriyal Aktivitesinin Araştırılması ESOGÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 56, Eskişehir.
6. [6] Kovařík, F., 2009. Illustrated Catalog of Scorpions. Part I. Introductory Remarks; Keys to Families and Genera; Subfamily Scorpioninae with Keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus Species.
7. [7] Smith, K. G. V., 1973. Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance. The Trustees of the British Museum, Natural History, pp. 417 – 423. London.
8. [8] Demirsoy, A., 1999. Yaşamın Temel Kuralları II/I (Omurgasızlar=Invertebrata)–Böcekler Dışında–, Meteksan, Beytepe, Ankara, 734-741.

9. [9] Possani, L.D., Becerril, B., Delepierre, M., Tytgat, J., 1999. Scorpion Toxins Specific for Na+ Channels. Eur. J. Biochem., 264, 287–300.
10. [10] Gwee, M.C.E.,Nirthanan, S., Khoo, H., Gopalakrishnakone, P., Kini, R.M., Cheah, L., 2002. Autonomic Effects of some Scorpion Venoms and Toxins, Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 29, 795 –801.
11. [11] Özkan, Ö., Filazi A., 2004. Androctonus crassicauda (Oliver 1807) Türü Akreplerden Değişik Yöntemlerle Elde Edilen Venomların Farelerde Akut LD50 Miktarının Belirlenmesi. Türkiye Parazitoloji dergisi, 28(1), 50-53.
12. [12] Oytun, H.S., 1969. Tıbbi Entomoloji. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Yayını Sayı:218. Ankara. S. 37 – 45.
13. [13] Dehesa–Davila, M., Possani, L. D., 1994. Scorpionizm and Serotherapy in Mexico. Toxicon, 32(9), 1015-1058.
14. [14] Gwee, M. C. E., Gopalakrishnakone, P., Cheah, L. S., Wong, P. T. H., Gong, J. P., ve Kini, R. M., 1996. Studies on Venom From the Black Scorpion Heterometrus Longimanus and Some Other Scorpion Species. Journol of Toxicology, Toxin Reviews, 15(1), 37-57
15. [15] Kovařík, F., Fet, V., Soleglad, M. E., ve Yağmur, E. A., 2010. Etudes on Iurids, III. Revision of the Genus Lurus Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Luridae), with a Description of Two New Species From Turkey. Euscorpius, 2010(95), 1-212.
16. [16] Harris, H. F. 1900. On the Rapid Conversion of Haematoxylin into Haematin in Staining Reactions. Journal of Applied Microscopic Laboratory Methods, 3(3), 777.
17. [17] Culling, C.F.A., Reid P. E., Dunn, W.L. 1976. A New Histochemical Method for the Identification and Visualization of Both Side Chain Acylated and Non-Acylated Sialic Acids. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 24, 1225-1230.
18. [18] McManus, J.F.A., 1948. Histological and Histochemical Uses of Periodic Acid. Stain Technology, 23, 99-108.
19. [19] Lev, R., ve Spicer, S.S., 1964. Specific Staining of Sulphate Groups with Alcian Blue at Low pH. Journal of Histochemistery and Cytochemistry, 12, 309.
20. [20] Mowry, R.W., 1956. Alcian Blue Techniques for the Histochemical Study of Acidic Carbohydrates. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 4, 407-408.
21. [21] Scott, J.E., ve Dorling, J., 1965. Differential Staining of Acid Glycosaminoglycans (Mucopolysaccharides) by Alcian Blue in Salt Solutions. Histochemie, 5(3), 221-233.
22. [22] Gomori, 1952. Gomori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin Stain. In: Cellular Pathology Tecnique (C.F.A. Culling, R.T. Allison, ve W. T. Barr,eds). Butterworths, pp. 238- 240, London.
23. [23] Spicer ve Mayer, 1960. Aldehyde Fuchsin/Alcian Blue. In: Celluler Pathology Technique (C.F.A. Culling, R.T. Allison ve W.T.Barr, eds) Butterworths, 233p, London.
24. [24] Bancroft, J.D., Stevens, A., Turner, D.R., 1996. Theory and Pratice of Histological Techniques. Churchill Livigstone, 129p. London.
25. [25] Yigit N., Benli M., 2007. The Sting of Mesobuthus gibbosus (Scorpiones: Buthidae): Morphological and Ultrastructural Characterization Euscorpius. 61: 1-5.
26. [26] Yigit, N. ve Benli, M., 2008. The Venom Gland of the Scorpion Species Euscorpius mingrelicus (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae): Morphological Ultrasttrutural Characterization. J.Venom. Anim Toxins. Incl. Trop. Dis. 14: 466-480.
27. [27] Taib NT, Jarrar BM., 1993. Histological and Histochemical Characterization of the Venom Apparatus of Palestine Yellow Scorpion, Leiurus quinquestriatus Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1828. Tropical Zoology, 6: 143–152.
28. [28] Navidpour, S., Gharagozloyan, M. M., ve Pousty, I. 2018. Histological Study On Venom Gland Apparatus In Odontobuthus doriae (Scorpions: Buthidae), Scorpio maurus towsendi (Scorpiones: Scorpionidea) and Hemiscorpius lepturus (Scorpions: Hemiscorpidea) From Iran. Journal of Zoological Research, 2(4), 29-34.
29. [29] Jarrar BM., Al-Rowaily MA., 2008. Histology and Histochemistry of the Venom Apparatus of the Black Scorpion Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Journal of Venomous Animals & Toxins Including Tropical Diseases 14(3), 514-526.