Akıllı Kirişlerin Dinamik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması

Öz

Sağlık sektöründe, robotik sistemlerde ve endüstride kullanılan cihazların kullanım ömrü ve performansı dinamik yüklemelere maruz kaldıklarında verdikleri tepkilerle doğrudan ilişkilidir. Dinamik yüklemeler sonucunda ortaya çıkan titreşimler stabilitesi ve mekanik performansı üzerinde kritik etkilere sahiptir. Bu nedenle, dinamik yükleme altındaki titreşim davranışının analiz edilmesi, özellikle biyomekanik uygulamalar kapsamında önem taşımaktadır. Özellikle biyolojik doku simülasyonları üzerinde gerçekleştirilen titreşim analizleri, sistemlerin dinamik yanıtlarının belirlenmesi ve güvenilirliğinin artırılmasına yönelik temel bir adımdır. Polilaktik asit (PLA), hem yapay biyolojik doku üretiminde hem de üç boyutlu yazıcı filamenti için yaygın olarak tercih edilen bir malzeme olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yapılan deneysel ve nümerik çalışmalarda, motor tahriki ile harmonik yük uygulanmış kirişler üzerinde konuma göre dinamik analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kirişler üzerinde konum olarak üç düğüm noktası belirlenmiş ve bu noktalar arasına piezo sensörler yerleştirilerek analizler yapılmıştır. PLA kutu içerisine yerleştirilen kirişli sistemin sönümlü ve sönümsüz titreşimine bağlı olarak zaman analizi, doğal frekansı, sönümleme oranı incelenmiştir. Kirişlerin üretiminde iki farklı malzeme seçilmiştir. Metal malzeme olarak geleneksel yöntem ile imal edilmiş A366/CQ siyah çelik levha (Soğuk haddelenmiş sac-DKP) ve polimer malzeme olarak PLA filament kullanılmıştır. Deneysel ve nümerik çalışmalarımız sonucunda, her iki sistemin kararlı olma durumu serbest uç bölgesinde tespit edilmiştir. Çelik ve PLA kiriş için bahsedilen bölgedeki sönüm oranları deneysel olarak sırasıyla 0,227 ve 0,755 bulunmuştur. Sayısal sonuçlara göre ise çelik kirişli sistemin sönüm oranları [0,93; 0,93; 0,55; 0,55; 0,76; 0,76], PLA kirişli sistemin ise [1; 0,98; 0,98; 0,97; 0,97; 0,94; 0,94] olarak elde edilmiştir. Çalışma, malzeme ve sistem dinamiklerinin optimize edilmesi, titreşim kontrolü ve kararlılık artırmaya yönelik mühendislik uygulamalarına katkı sağlayabilecek bir referans niteliği taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akıllı kirişler
• Harmonik yükleme
• Sönümleme
• Piezo sensör
• PLA

Investigation of Dynamic Characteristics of Smart Beams

Öz

The service life and performance of devices used in the healthcare sector, robotic systems, and industry are closely associated with their response under dynamic loading conditions. Vibrations resulting from dynamic loads have a significant impact on stability and mechanical performance. Consequently, the analysis of vibration behavior under dynamic loading is of critical importance, particularly in biomechanical applications. Vibration analyses conducted on biological tissue simulations play a fundamental role in determining the dynamic responses of systems and improving their reliability. Polylactic acid (PLA) is widely utilized as a material for the production of artificial biological tissues and as a filament in 3D printing applications. In this study, experimental and numerical investigations were carried out on beams subjected to harmonic loading via motor excitation, with dynamic analyses performed at specific positions. Three nodal points were identified on the beams, and piezoelectric sensors were placed between these points for analysis. The damped and undamped vibration responses of the beam system housed in a PLA box were analyzed in terms of time response, natural frequency, and damping ratio. Two different materials were used in beam production: A366/CQ black steel sheet (cold-rolled steel) manufactured using conventional methods as the metallic material, and PLA filament as the polymer material. Experimental and numerical results revealed that the stability of both systems was achieved at the free end region. The damping ratios in the specified region were experimentally determined as 0.227 for the steel beam and 0.755 for the PLA beam. Numerical results indicated that the damping ratios for the steel beam system were [0.93; 0.93; 0.55; 0.55; 0.76; 0.76], while those for the PLA beam system were [1; 0.98; 0.98; 0.97; 0.97; 0.94; 0.94]. This study provides a reference that can contribute to engineering applications focused on optimizing material and system dynamics, controlling vibrations, and enhancing stability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Smart beams
• Harmonic load
• Damping
• Piezo sensor
• PLA

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