Hastelloy X ve Tantal Katkılı PEEK Temelli Dört Katmanlı Kompozit Yapıların Nötron Zırhlama Performansı ve İkincil Radyasyon Analizi: Monte Carlo Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Hastelloy X ve tantal katkılı PEEK bazlı malzemelerden oluşan dört katmanlı kompozit yapıların nötron zırhlama performansı Monte Carlo simülasyonları ile incelenmiştir. Termal (0,025 eV) ile yüksek enerjiler (10 MeV) arasındaki nötron enerjileri için üç farklı katman konfigürasyonu analiz edilmiştir. Koruma performansı, geçirilen nötron sayısı, ikincil parçacık üretimi, ortalama serbest yol ve makroskobik kesit açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, nötron enerjisi arttıkça geçirilen nötron sayısının arttığını ve zırhlama etkinliğinin azaldığını göstermiştir. Kompozit konfigürasyonlar arasında birincil nötron geçirimi açısından önemli bir fark gözlenmemiştir. İkincil parçacık analizi, düşük enerjilerde ihmal edilebilir seviyede olan üretimin, özellikle 4,5 MeV ve 10 MeV’de belirgin şekilde arttığını ortaya koymuştur. Katman bazlı değerlendirmede, etkileşimlerin büyük kısmının ilk katmanda gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, nötron kaynaklı radyasyon hasarı TID ve DPA parametreleri ile incelenmiş ve hasarın enerji ile arttığı görülmüştür. Kompozit malzemelerin metalik yapılara kıyasla daha düşük radyasyon hasarı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak, çok katmanlı kompozit yapıların etkili nötron zırhlama sağladığı ve enerjiye bağlı davranış ile ikincil parçacık etkilerinin zırhlama tasarımında kritik olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nötron Zırhlama
• Çok katmanlı yapılar
• İkincil parçacık oluşumu
• Monte Carlo simülasyonu
• Radyasyon hasarı

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma için dış kaynaklı bir finansman alınmamıştır.

Proje Numarası

Bu çalışmanın proje numarası bulunmamaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada, “Yükseköğretim Kurumları Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Yönergesi” kapsamında uyulması gerekli tüm kurallara uyulduğunu, bahsi geçen yönergenin “Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiğine Aykırı Eylemler” başlığı altında belirtilen eylemlerden hiçbirinin gerçekleştirilmediğini taahhüt ederiz.

Teşekkür

Yazarın beyan edecekleri bir teşekkür bulunmamaktadır.

Neutron Shielding Performance and Secondary Radiation Analysis of Four-Layer Composite Structures Based on Hastelloy X and Tantalum-Doped PEEK: A Monte Carlo Study

Öz

In this study, the neutron shielding performance of four-layer composite structures composed of Hastelloy X and tantalum-modified PEEK-based materials was investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. Three different layer configurations were analyzed for neutron energies ranging from thermal (0.025 eV) to high energies (10 MeV). Shielding performance was evaluated in terms of transmitted neutron count, secondary particle production, mean free path, and macroscopic cross-section. The results showed that as neutron energy increased, the number of transmitted neutrons increased and shielding effectiveness decreased. No significant difference in primary neutron transmission was observed among the composite configurations. The secondary particle analysis revealed that production, which is negligible at low energies, increases significantly at 4.5 MeV and 10 MeV. In the layer-by-layer evaluation, it was determined that the majority of interactions occur in the first layer. Additionally, neutron-induced radiation damage was examined using TID and DPA parameters, and it was observed that the damage increases with energy. It was determined that composite materials exhibit lower radiation damage compared to metallic structures. Overall, it was concluded that multilayer composite structures provide effective neutron shielding, and that energy-dependent behavior and secondary particle effects are critical in shielding design.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Neutron shielding
• Multilayer structures
• Secondary particle production
• Monte Carlo simulation
• Radiation damage

Destekleyen Kurum

This research received no external funding.

Proje Numarası

Bu çalışmanın proje numarası bulunmamaktadır.

Etik Beyan

In this study, we undertake that all the rules required to be followed within the scope of the "Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive" are complied with, and that none of the actions stated under the heading "Actions Against Scientific Research and Publication Ethics" are not carried out.

Teşekkür

The author have no acknowledgements to declare.

Kaynakça

1. [1] Griffiths M. 2021. Effect of neutron irradiation on the mechanical properties, swelling and creep of austenitic stainless steels. Materials, 14.
2. [2] Wu Y. 2019. Material Neutron Irradiation Damage. In: Wu Y, ed. Neutronics of Advanced Nuclear Systems. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 161–180.
3. [3] Bakshi J, Chu BP. 2020. Attenuation of Gamma Radiation Using ClearView Radiation ShieldingTM in Nuclear Power Plants, Hospitals and Radiopharmacies. Health Phys., 119.
4. [4] Barbhuiya S, Das BB, Norman P, Qureshi T. A. 2025. Comprehensive review of radiation shielding concrete: Properties, design, evaluation, and applications. Structural Concrete, 26, 1809–1855.
5. [5] Liang C, Gu Z, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Qiu H, Gu J. 2021. Structural Design Strategies of Polymer Matrix Composites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding: A Review. Nano-Micro Letters, 13.
6. [6) Gilys L, Griškonis E, Griškevičius P, Adlienė D. 2022. Lead Free Multilayered Polymer Composites for Radiation Shielding. Polymers (Basel), 14.
7. [7] More C V., Alsayed Z, Badawi MS, Thabet AA, Pawar PP. 2021. Polymeric composite materials for radiation shielding: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19, 2057–2090.
8. [8] Toto E, Lambertini L, Laurenzi S, Santonicola MG. 2024. Recent Advances and Challenges in Polymer-Based Materials for Space Radiation Shielding. Polymers, 16.

9. [9] Cao Y, Di H. 2016. Grain boundary character distribution during the post-deformation recrystallization of Incoloy 800H at elevated temperature. Mater. Lett., 163,24–27.
10. [10] Akhdar H. 2025. Theoretical Investigation of Photon Interaction and X-Ray Imaging Performance of PEEK-Based Composites for Medical Implants. Polymers (Basel), 17.
11. [11] Karabul Y. 2023. Ionizing Radiation Shielding Properties of Tantalum Pentoxide Doped High-Density Polyethylene Composites: A Theoretical Study. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, 8, 143–154.
12. [12] Ogul H. 2022. Radiation attenuation properties of polymer composites mixed with tantalum carbide. Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 177, 531–544.
13. [13] Daneshvar H, Milan KG, Sadr A, Sedighy SH, Malekie S, Mosayebi A. 2021. Multilayer radiation shield for satellite electronic components protection. Sci. Rep, 11.
14. [14] Arif A, Kausar A, Sajid M, et al. 2024. High-efficiency radiation attenuation shields of polymer composites for the low earth orbit space environment – multilayer shielding simulation system-based investigations. Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 179, 621–633.
15. [15] Arif Sazali M, Alang Md Rashid NK, Hamzah K. 2019. A review on multilayer radiation shielding. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Institute of Physics Publishing, 555.
16. [16] Gohel A, Makwana R. 2022. Multi-layered Shielding Materials for High Energy Space Radiation, 197, 1100131.
17. [17] Qi Z, Yang Z, Li J, et al. 2022. The Advancement of Neutron-Shielding Materials for the Transportation and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Materials, 15.
18. [18] Wang K, Ma L, Yang C, et al. 2023. Recent Progress in Gd-Containing Materials for Neutron Shielding Applications: A Review. Materials, 16.
19. [19] Das A, Ray A, Singh T. 2023. Tungsten-based polymer composite, a new lead-free material for efficient shielding of coupled neutron-gamma radiation fields: A FLUKA simulation study. Phys. Scr., 98, 115302.
20. [20] Shang Y, Yang G, Su F, et al. 2020. Multilayer polyethylene/ hexagonal boron nitride composites showing high neutron shielding efficiency and thermal conductivity. Composites Communications, 19, 147–153.
21. [21] Duran SU, Alver Ü, Demirköz MB, et al. 2024. Fabrication and Radiation Shielding Properties of (HDPE/Colemanite)-(HDPE/Bi2O3) Multi-Layer Composites. Polym. Adv. Technol., 35.
22. [22] Li Z, Zhou W, Zhang X, Gao Y, Guo S. 2021. High-efficiency, flexibility and lead-free X-ray shielding multilayered polymer composites: layered structure design and shielding mechanism. Sci. Rep., 11.
23. [23] Yang J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Gu J. 2024. Layered Structural PBAT Composite Foams for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. Nanomicro Lett., 16.
24. [24] Haynes Internatıonal. Hastelloy X Nominal Composition.https://haynesintl.com/en/alloys/alloy-portfolio/high-temperature-alloys/hastelloy-x/#nominal-composition. 2026; Available at: https://haynesintl.com/en/alloys/alloy-portfolio/high-temperature-alloys/hastelloy-x/#nominal-composition. Accessed April 15, 2026.
25. [25] Dua R, Sharufa O, Terry J, et al. 2023. Surface modification of Polyether-ether-ketone for enhanced cell response: a chemical etching approach. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 11.
26. [26] Abdel-Gawad EH, Sayyed MI, Hanafy TA, Elsafi M. 2024. Experimental investigation of radiation shielding competence of B2O3-Na2O-Al2O3-BaO-CaO glass system. Sci. Rep., 14.
27. [27] Böhlen TT, Cerutti F, Chin MPW, et al. 2014. The FLUKA Code: Developments and Challenges for High Energy and Medical Applications. Nuclear Data Sheets, 120, 211–214.
28. [28] Agostinelli S, Allison J, Amako K, et al. 2003. GEANT4 - A simulation toolkit. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A., 506, 250–303. [29] Alsalmi S, Alraddadi RAB. 2026. First-principles simulation of radiation shielding performance in TaS2–HDPE composites using Geant4. Sci. Rep.,16,4415.
29. [30] Yaz A, Akgül F, Doğma H, Torun TR, Baştuğ EA, Oğul H. 2026. Design and radiation shielding evaluation of two-layered PLA/H3BO3 and PLA/ZrB2 structures. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 245,113911.
30. [31] Das A, Ray A, Singh T. 2023. Tungsten-based polymer composite, a new lead-free material for efficient shielding of coupled neutron-gamma radiation fields: A FLUKA simulation study. Phys. Scr.,98.
31. [32] Duran SU, Alver Ü, Demirköz MB, et al. 2024. Fabrication and Radiation Shielding Properties of (HDPE/Colemanite)-(HDPE/Bi2O3) Multi-Layer Composites. Polym. Adv. Technol.,35.