İki Doğal Polisakkaritin Hiyalüronidaz, Kollajenaz ve Elastaz İnhibitör Potansiyellerinin Araştırılması ve Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve Homeostatik Aktivitelerinin Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kitre zamkı (TG) ve keçiboynuzu zamkı (LBG)'nin antibakteriyel, antioksidan ve homeostatik aktiviteleri ile birlikte yara iyileşmesi için önemli olan hiyalüronidaz, kollajenaz ve elastaz inhibitör etkilerini araştırmaktır. Antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri dört bakteriye karşı test edilerek, antioksidan aktiviteleri 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), hidrojen peroksit (H₂0₂) radikal temizleme ve β-karoten ağartma deneyleri ile tespit edilmiştir. Homeostatik etki Protrombin Zamanı (PT) ve Aktive Edilen Kısmi Tromboplastin Zamanı (aPTT) test parametreleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yara iyileştirme potansiyelleri ise, hiyalüronidaz, kollajenaz ve elastaz inhibisyonu ile belirlenmiştir. TG, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 ve Escherichia coli ATCC25922'ye karşı antibakteriyel aktivite göstermiştir. Sonuçlar TG ve LBG'nin DPPH temizleme (sırasıyla %21.0 ve %17.6) ve H₂O₂ radikal temizleme (sırasıyla %59.4 ve %79.0) aktiviteleri de dahil olmak üzere antioksidan özelliklere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Polisakkaritler, PT ve aPTT'de önemli azalma göstermiştir. Test edilen iki polisakkarit arasından LBG, 10 mg/mL konsantrasyonda, önemli hiyalüronidaz ve kollajenaz inhibisyon aktivitesi göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, bu doğal polisakkaritlerin yara iyileşmesini desteklemek için kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polisakkarit
• Enzim inhibisyonu
• Antibakteriyel
• Antioksidan
• Homeostatik

Investigation of Hyaluronidase, Collagenase and Elastase Inhibitory Potentials and Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Homeostatic Activities of Two Natural Polysaccharides

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase inhibitory effects, which play important role for wound healing, together with the antibacterial, antioxidant and homeostatic activities of tragacanth gum (TG) and locust bean gum (LBG). The antimicrobial activities were tested against four bacteria and the antioxidant activities were estimated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) radical scavenging and β-carotene bleaching assays. Homeostatic effect was evaluated with the Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) test parameters. The wound healing potentials were determined with the inhibition of hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase enzymes. The TG showed antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922. The results showed that TG and LBG possessed antioxidant properties including DPPH scavenging  (21.0% and 17.6%, respectively)  and H₂O₂ radical scavenging (59.4% and 79.0%, respectively) activities. The polysaccharides displayed significantly reducing PT and aPTT results. Between the two tested polysaccharides LBG showed significant hyaluronidase and collagenase inhibition activity at 10 mg/mL concentration. These findings show that these natural polysaccharides can be used to support of wound healing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polysaccharide
• Enzyme inhibition
• Antibacterial
• Antioxidant
• Homeostatic

Kaynakça

1. [1] Maiti, S., Dey, P., Banik, A., Sa, B., Ray, S., Kaity, S. 2010. Tailoring of locust bean gum and development of hydrogel beads for controlled oral delivery of glipizide. Drug Delivery, 17(5), 288–300.
2. [2] Fayazzadeh, E., Rahimpour, S., Ahmadi, S. M., Farzampour, S., Sotoudeh Anvari, M., Borouman, M. A., Ahmadi, S. H. 2014. Acceleration of skin wound healing with tragacanth (Astragalus) preparation: an experimental pilot study in rats. Acta Medica Iranica, 52, 3–8.
3. [3] Mohammadi, M. R. 2017. Production of cotton fabric with durable antibacterial property by using gum tragacanth and silver. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 109, 476–482.
4. [4] Braz, L., Grenhad, A., Corvof, M. C., Lourenço, J. P., Ferreirac, D., Sarmentoi, B., Rosa da Costa, A. M. 2018. Synthesis and characterization of Locust Bean Gum derivatives and their application in the production of nanoparticles. Carbohydrate Polymers, 181, 974–985.
5. [5] Locoweeds for A Natural Gum & Medicinal Herbs. Gum tragacanth and Astragalus root. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph34.htm (Accessed: 25 Dec 2017).
6. [6] Mostafavi, F. S., Kadkhodaee, R., Emadzadeh, B., Koocheki, A. 2016. Preparation and characterization of tragacanth–locust bean gum edible blend films. Carbohydrate Polymers,139, 20–27.
7. [7] Moghbel, A., Agheli, H., Kalantari, E., Naji, M. 2008. Design and formulation of tragacanth dressing bandage for burn healing with no dermal toxicity. Toxicology Letters, 180154.
8. [8] Singh, B., Varshney, L., Rajneesh, F. S. 2017. Synthesis and characterization of tragacanth gum based hydrogels by radiation method for use in wound dressing application. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 135, 94–105.

9. [9] Otady, M., Vaziri, A., Seifkordi, A. A., Kheirolomoom, A. 2005. Gum tragacanth gel as a new supporting matrix for immobilization of whole-cell. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 24, 1–7.
10. [10] Jaber, E., Jaleh, V., Mohammadreza, A., Fatemeh, A. 2012. Preparation and evaluation of a sustained-release suspension containing theophylline microcapsules. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6, 2091–2099.
11. [11] Dionísio, M., Grenha, A. 2012. Locust bean gum: Exploring its potential for biopharmaceutical applications. Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences, 4(3), 175–185.
12. [12] Xue, M., Jackson, C. J. 2015. Extracellular matrix reorganization during wound healing and its impact on abnormal ccarring. Advances in Wound Care, 4(3),119–136.
13. [13] Agren, M. S., Werthén, M. 2007. The extracellular matrix in wound healing: a closer look at therapeutics for chronic wounds. International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 6(2), 82–97.
14. [14] Haraway, G. D. 2006. The Extracellular Matrix in Wound Healing. http://www.o-wm.com/files/docs/Healthpoint_July.pdf (Accessed: 20 Dec 2017).
15. [15] Mukherjee, P. K., Maity, N., Nema, N. K., Sarkar, B. K. 2011. Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging. Phytomedicine, 19, 64–73.
16. [16] Gethin, G. 2012. Understanding the inflammatory process in wound healing. British Journal of Community Nursing, 17(8), 20–22.
17. [17] Edwards, R., Harding, K. G. 2004. Bacteria and wound healing. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases,17(2), 91–96.
18. [18] Djemaa, F. G. B., edBellassoued, K., Zouari, S., El Feki, A., Ammar, E. 2016. Antioxidant and wound healing activity of Lavandula aspic L. ointment. Journal of Tissue Viability, 25, 193–200.
19. [19] Ktari, N., Trabelsi, I., Bardaa, S., Triki, M., Bkhairiaa, I., Salema, R. B. S. B., Nasri, M., Salah, R. B. 2017. Antioxidant and hemolytic activities, and effects in rat cutaneous wound healing of a novel polysaccharide from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 95, 625–634.
20. [20] Ranjbar-Mohammadi, M., Bahrami, S. H., Joghataei, M. T. 2013. Fabrication of novel nanofiber scaffolds from gum tragacanth/ poly(vinyl alcohol) for wound dressing application: In vitro evaluation and antibacterial properties. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 33(8), 4935–4943.
21. [21] Boateng, J. S., Pawar, H. V., Tetteh, J. 2013. Polyox and carrageenan based composite film dressing containing anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory drugs for effective wound healing. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 441 (1–2), 181–191.
22. [22] C. L. S. I. 2012. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests, Approved Standard, 7th ed., CLSI document M02-A11. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087, USA.
23. [23] Ebrahimabadi, A. H., Mazoochi, A., Kashi, F. J., Djafari-Bidgoli, Z., Batooli, H. 2010. Essential oil composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the aerial parts of Salvia eremophila Boiss. from Iran. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(5), 1371–1376.
24. [24] Boran, R., Ugur, A. 2017. The mutagenic, antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of Hypericum lydium. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 402–405.
25. [25] Zhang, C.-H., Yu, Y., Liang, Y.-Z., Chen, X.-Q. 2015. Purification, partial characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 79, 681–686.
26. [26] Rauter, A. P., Dias, C., Martins, A., Branco, I., Neng, N. R., Nogueira, J. M., Goulart, M., Silva, F. V. M., Justino, J., Trevitt, C., Waltho, J. P. 2012. Non-toxic Salvia sclareoides Brot. extracts as a source of functional food ingredients: Phenolic profile, antioxidant activity and prion binding properties. Food Chemistry, 132, 1930–1935.
27. [27] Chen, H., Jin, M., Wang, Y.-F., Wang, Y.-Q., Meng, L., Li, R., Wang, J.-P., Gao, L., Kong, Y., Wei, J.-F. 2014. Effect of Toona microcarpa harms leaf extract on the coagulation system. BioMed Research International, 2014, 1–7.
28. [28] Lee, K. K., Kim, J. H., Cho, J. J., Choi, J. D. 1999. Inhibitory effects of 150 plant extracts on anti-elastase activity and their anti-inflammatory effects. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 21, 71–82.
29. [29] Barrantes, E., Guinea, M. 2003. Inhibition of collagenase and metalloproteinases by aloins and aloe gel. Life Science, 72(7), 843–850.
30. [30] Tan, B. K. H., Vanitha, J. 2004. Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects of some traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 11, 1423–1430.
31. [31] Li, S. –P., Hao, Y. –S., Chen, F. -X., Zhang, Q. –R., Zhao, X. –J. 2007. Antimicrobial activity of Astragalus polysaccharides and Lactobacillus, B. cereus in vitro. Journal of Henan Agricicultural Sciences, 2007–4.
32. [32] Karlton-Senaye, B., Ayad, A., Davis, S., Khatiwada, J., Williams, L. 2016. Interaction of gums and antimicrobial agents on susceptibility of selected foodborne pathogens. Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2(2), 1–7.
33. [33] De Cicco, F., Porta, A., Sansone, F., Aquino, R. P., Del Gaudio, P. 2014. Nanospray technology for an in situ gelling nanoparticulate powder as a wound dressing. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 473(1-2), 30–37.
34. [34] Li, R., Chen, W.-C., Wang, W.-P., Tian, W.-Y., Zhang, X.-G. 2010. Antioxidant activity of Astragalus polysaccharides and antitumour activity of the polysaccharides and siRNA. Carbohydrate Polymers, 82(2), 240–244.
35. [35] Huang, W. M., Liang, Y. Q., Tang, L. J., Ding, Y., Wang, X. H. 2013. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on EA. hy926 cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 6(1), 199–203.
36. [36] Süntar, I., Küpeli Akkol, E., Keles, H., Yesilada, E., Sarker, S. D., Baykal, T. 2012. Comparative evaluation of traditional prescriptions from Cichorium intybus L. for wound healing: Stepwise isolation of an active component by in vivo bioassay and its mode of activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143(1), 299–309.
37. [37] Azevedo, A. P. S., Farias, J. C., Costa, G. C., Ferreira, S. C., Aragão-Filho, W. C., Sousa, P. R., Pinheiro, M. T., Maciel, M. C., Silva, L. A., Lopes, A. S., Barroqueiro, E. S., Borges, M. O., Guerra, R. N., Nascimento, F. R. 2007. Anti-thrombotic effect of chronic oral treatment with Orbignya phalerata Mart. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111(1), 155–159.
38. [38] Edwards, J. V., Howley, F., Cohen, I. K. 2004. In vitro inhibition of human neutrophil elastase by oleic acid albumin formulations from derivatized cotton wound dressings. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 284, 1–12.
39. [39] Moghbel, A., Hemmati, A.-A., Agheli, H., Rashidi, I., Amraee, K. 2005. The effect of tragacanth mucilage on the healing of full-thickness wound in rabbit. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 8(4), 257–262.