Kent Morfolojisi ve Mekansal Kalite: Mahallelerde Yürünebilirliğin Mekansal İstatiksel Analizler ve Grafik Teorisi ve Mekan Dizimi Ölçütleri ile Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2019, , 658 - 665, 25.08.2019

Ebru Cubukcu , Bochra Mensı Cigdem Horoz

https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.480584

Cited By: 3

Öz

Bu
araştırmanın temel hedefi mekanın morfolojik özellikleri ile mekansal kalite
arasında ilişkinin irdelenmesidir. Böylece, farklı morfoljiye sahip kent
parçalarında mekansal kalitenin nasıl değiştiği irdelenecektir. İzmir İli, Foça
İlçesinde 4 çalışma alanı seçilmiştir; (A) kent merkezine komşu konut alanı /
yeni gelişme alanı, (B) kentin çeperinde konut alanı / yeni gelişme alanı, (C) karma
kullanım alanı / tarihi kent merkezi, (D) kent çeperinde sahil şeridine komşu
konut alanı / yeni gelişme alanı.  Çalışma alanı olarak her bölgede Grafik
Teorisi ve Mekan dizimi parametreleri hesaplanmış, mekansal istatiksel
analizler yapılmış ve çalışma alanlarının sokak dokusu ve baskın arazi
kullanımı yönü ile morfolojik sınıfı tanımlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Daha sonra
mekanın yürünebilirliği ne ölçüde desteklediğini belirten parametreler
üzerinden her bölgede mekansal kalite ölçülmüştür; (1) yayayı korkutan
yapıların, (2) yayayı korkutan boşlukların, (3) yayayı çeken yeşil alanların,
(4) yayayı çeken ticari birimlerin oranları mekansal istatiksel analiz araçları
ile hesaplanmıştır. Son olarak, elde edilen bu veriler ışığında morfolojik
özellikler ile mekansal kalite arasında ilişki tartışılmıştır. Elde edilen
sonuçlar araştırmanın temel hipotezi olan “mekansal kalite morfolojik sınıflara
göre farklılık gösterir” savına destek sunmaktadır. Ancak daha genellenebilir
sonuçlar için bu konuda farklı örneklemleri kapsayan daha çok çalışma yapılması
gerekir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mekan dizimi, Kent morfolojisi, Kentsel desen, Grafik teorisi, Yürünebilirlik, Mekansal kalite

The Relation Between Urban Morphology and Physical Environmental Qualities: Comparing Walkability in Neighborhoods via Analyses of Spatial Statistics and Indices of Graph Theory and Space Syntax

Öz

This
study aims to compare morphological structure and physical environmental
qualities in different neighbourhoods of a small town and investigate whether
physical environmental qualities vary by urban morphology. Four neighborhoods
were selected in small town Foca, Izmir, Turkey : (A) residential area
next to the city center / new development area, (B) residential area at the
periophery / new development area, (C) a mixed use area / historical city
center, (D) residential area next to the seashore / new development area.
First, the spatial statistical analyses were run and indices of Graph Theory
and Space Syntax were calculated for each zone to define the morphological
characteristics, (the street network characteristics and the dominant urban
landuse). Then, the physical environmental qualities that relate to walkability:
(1) Proportion of buildings that pedestrians escape, (2) Proportion of parcels
that pedestrians escape, (3) Proportion of pop of cafes on the street, and (4)
proportion of green areas were measured by spatial statistical analyses.
Finally, the relation between morphological characteristics and physical
qualities was investigated. The results provide partial support to the main
hypothesis (physical environmental quality differs by environmental
morphological characteristics). More research are on call to expand the
findings for different size of cities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Graph theory, Space syntax, Urban morphology, Walkability, Urban pattern, Physical environmental qualities

Kaynakça

• [1] Kropf, Karl. "Ambiguity in the definition of built form." Urban morphology 18.1 (2014): 41-57.
• [2] Oliveira V, Pinho P, Batista L and Patatas T (eds.) (2014) Our common future in Urban Morphology, FEUP, Porto.
• [3] Erin, I., Fusco, G., Cubukcu, E., Araldi, A. 2017. Quantitative methods of urban morphology in urban design and environmental psychology. City and territory in the Globalization Age Conference Proceedings, 24th ISUF International Conference, 27-29 September 2017, Valencia, 1391-1400.
• [4] Cubukcu, M. 2015. Examining the Street Patterns in Izmir in the 19th Century: A network based spatial analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 202: 436-441.
• [5] Kut Gorgun, E., Canan, F.T, Cubukcu, M. 2016. Examining the relation between the urban pattern and urban history using graph theory-based indices. 17th IPHS Conference: History - Urbanism – Resilience, 17-21 July, Delft, Netherlands.
• [6] Canan, F.T, Kut Gorgun, E., Cubukcu, M. 2016. Application of graph theory in livable cities, Designing Urban Design : Towards a holistic perspective, International Symposium, 4-6 October, Ankara, Turkey, 104-109.
• [7] Cubukcu, E., Cubukcu, KM. 2017. The urban patterns in informal and formal neighborhoods : A graph theory based study. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Studies, Volume2, Issue 2 (2017), 42-47.
• [8] Cubukcu, E., Hepguzel, B., Onder, Z., & Tumer, B. 2015. Active Living For Sustainable Future: A model to measure “walk scores” via Geographic Information Systems. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 168 (2015), 229-237.
• [9] Kahraman, E.D., Cubukcu, E., Karasu, B., Tasci, M. 2017. Mosque use density and physical environmental characteristics around the mosques in historical and new development areas of Izmir, Turkey. Aksos Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(2017), 94-108.
• [10] Oliveira, Vítor. "The study of urban form: Different approaches." Urban morphology. Springer, Cham, 2016. 87-149.
• [11] Frank, Lawrence D., et al. "The development of a walkability index: application to the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study." British journal of sports medicine 44.13 (2010): 924-933.
• [12] Montemurro, G. R., Berry, T. R., Spence, J. C., Nykiforuk, C., Blanchard, C., & Cutumisu, N. (2011). “Walkable by willpower”: Resident perceptions of neighbourhood environments. Health & place, 17(4), 895-901.
• [13] Leslie, E., Saelens, B., Frank, L., Owen, N., Bauman, A., Coffee, N., & Hugo, G. (2005). Residents’ perceptions of walkability attributes in objectively different neighbourhoods: a pilot study. Health & place, 11(3), 227-236.
• [14] Chaudhury, Habib, et al. "Use of a systematic observational measure to assess and compare walkability for older adults in Vancouver, British Columbia and Portland, Oregon neighbourhoods." Journal of Urban Design 16.4 (2011): 433-454.
• [15] Lee, S., & Talen, E. (2014). Measuring walkability: A note on auditing methods. Journal of Urban Design, 19(3), 368-388.