Determination and Comparison of Greenhouse Gases As A Result of Household Solid Waste Collection in Hayrabolu

Öz

Tekirdağ is a city that located in Northwest of Turkey. Hayrabolu is one the sub districts of Tekirdağ. Total greenhouse gas emissions and average global warming factor for Hayrabolu and its districts were estimated as a result of household waste collection activities. This study was carried out during May of 2017. The amount of distance travelled  and disel fuel consumed by waste collection vehicles were recorded. These recorded values were used for the calculation and estimation of greenhouse gases amounts. The quantified disel fuel consumptions for each waste collection vehicles were evaluated separately in order to compare with each other. Total monthly greenhouse gas emission for Hayrabolu was estimated as 18,68 tons CO₂-equivalent. On the other hand, the average monthly global warming factor was calculated as 13,30 kg CO₂-equivalent per ton of waste collected. Lastly, these estimated values were compared with the values in the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Household waste collection,Greenhouse gas emission,Global warming factor,Household waste collection vehicle,Waste management

Hayrabolu’da Evsel Katı Atık Toplama Faaliyetleri Sonucu Oluşan Sera Gazlarının Tespiti ve Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışmada Tekirdağ ilinin Hayrabolu ilçesine ait mahallelerde evsel atıkların toplanması sonucu oluşan sera gazı miktarları araştırılmıştır. Çalışma 2017 senesinin Mayıs ayı boyunca yapılmıştır. Evsel atıkların toplanması için kullanılan araçların yaptıkları toplam mesafeler ve topladıkları atık miktarları ayrıntılı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu tespitler kullanılarak her bir toplama aracının meydana getirdiği sera gazı miktarları CO₂ eşdeğeri olarak hesaplanmıştır. Küresel ısınma faktörü olarak tanımlanan ve her bir toplama aracı için 1 ton toplanan atık başına oluşan CO₂ eşdeğerleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçta ilçede evsel atık toplamaya bağlı her mahallede ve toplamda meydana gelen sera gazı miktarları hesaplanmıştır. Buna göre Hayrabolu’da toplamda aylık 18,68 ton CO₂ eşdeğeri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, aylık ortalama küresel ısınma faktörü 13,30 kg CO₂-eş/ton-atık olarak hesaplanmıştır. Son olarak tespit edilen bu değerler literatürdeki benzer çalışmalarla karşılaştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Evsel atık toplama,Sera gazı emisyonu,Küresel ısınma faktörü,Evsel atık toplama aracı,Atık yönetimi

Kaynakça

1. [1] Simonetto, E.O., Borenstein, D. 2007. A decision support system for the operational planning of solid waste collection. Waste Management, 27:1286–1297.
2. [2] Iriarte, A., Gabarrell, X., Rieradevall, J. 2009. LCA of selective waste collection systems in dense urban areas. Waste Management, 29: 903–914.
3. [3] Eisted, R., Larsen, A.W., Christensen, T.H. 2009. Collection, transfer and transport of waste: Accounting of greenhouse gases and global warming contribution. Waste Management and Research, 27: 738–745.
4. [4] Larsen, A.W., Vrgoc, M., Christensen, T.H. 2009. Diesel consumption in waste collection and transport and its environmental significance. Waste Management & Research, 27: 652–659.
5. [5] Korkut, N.E., Yaman, C., Küçükağa, Y., Jaunich, M.K., Demir, İ. 2018. Greenhouse gas contribution of municipal solid waste collection: A case study in the city of Istanbul, Turkey. Waste Management & Research, 36(2): 131–139.
6. [6] Spielmann, M., Scholz, R.W. 2005. Life Cycle Inventories for Transport Services. Int Journal of LCA, 10 (1):85-94.
7. [7] Spielmann, M., Bauer, C., Dones, R. 2007. Transport services: Ecoinvent report no. 14. Dübendorf, Switzerland: Inventories, S.C.f.L.C. Available at: https://db.ecoinvent.org/ reports/14_ Transport.pdf (accessed 11 July 2017).
8. [8] Larsen, A.W., Merrild, H., Moller, J., Christensen, T.H. 2010. Waste collection systems for recyclables: an environmental and economic assessment for the municipality of Aarhus (Denmark). Waste Management, 30(5): 744-754.

9. [9] Smith, A., Brown, K., Ogilvie, S., Rushton, K., Bates, J. 2001. Waste management options and climate change: Final report to the European Commission. DG Environment.
10. [10] Fisher, K. 2006. Impact of Energy from Waste and Recycling Policy on UKGreenhouse Gas Emissions – Final Report. Oxford, UK., Available at: http://randd.defra.gov.uk/ Document.aspx Document=WR0609_5737_ FRP.pdf (accessed 11 July 2017).
11. [11] Skovgaard, M., Hedal, N., Villanueva, A. 2008. Municipal waste management and greenhouse gases. Copenhagen, Denmark, Management, E.T.C.o.R.a.W. Available at: http://orbit.dtu.dk/ fedora/objects/orbit:80479/datastreams/ file_3309363/content (accessed 11 July 2017).
12. [12] Salhofer, S., Schneider, F., Obersteiner, G. 2007. The ecological relevance of transport in waste disposal systems in Western Europe. Waste Management, 27: 47–57.
13. [13] ICF Consulting. 2005. Determination of the Impact of Waste Management Activities on Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Update. Toronto, Canada: ICF Consulting. Available at: http://www.rcbc.ca/files/u3/ICF-finalreport. pdf (accessed 11 July 2017).
14. [14] Metcalfe, P. 2008. Energy Audit of the Kerbside Recycling Services. Energy Audit Camden Report 3. Wolverhampton, UK. The London Borough of Camden.
15. [15] Facanha, C., Horvath, A. 2007. Evaluation of life-cycle air emission factors of freight transportation. Environmental Science & Technology, 41: 7138–7144.
16. [16] Jaunich, M.K., Levis, J.W., Barlaz, M.A., DeCarolis, J.F. 2016a. Lifecycle process model for municipal solid waste collection. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 142 (8): 04016037.
17. [17] Jaunich, M.K., Levis, J.W., DeCarolis, J.F, Gaston, E.V., Barlaz, M.A., Bartelt-Hunt, S.L., Jones, E.G., Hauser, L., Jaikumar. R. 2016b. Characterization of municipal solid waste collection operations. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 114: 92–102.
18. [18] Fruergaard, T., Astrup, T., Ekvall, T. 2009. Energy use and recovery in waste management and implications for accounting of greenhouse gases and global warming contributions. Waste Management & Research, 27:724–737.
19. [19] Zhao, W., van der Voet, E., Zhang, Y., Huppes, G. 2009. Life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management with regard to greenhouse gas emissions: Case study of Tianjin, China. Science of the Total Environment, 407: 1517–1526.
20. [20] der Boer, J., den Boer, E., Jager, J,. 2007. LCA-IWM: A decision support tool for sustainability assessment of waste management systems. Waste Management, 27: 1032–1045.
21. [21] Sonesson, U. 2000. Modelling of waste collection–a general approach to calculate fuel consumption and time. Waste Management and Research, 18: 115–123.